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Astronomy:the science of the stars,Book 3 Unit 4,晨背佳作 积累素材,话题词汇 1.universe n.宇宙 2.space n.太空 3.spaceship/spacecraft n.宇宙飞船 4.astronaut n.宇航员 5.orbit n.轨道 6.star n.恒星 7.have a great effect on对有很大影响 8.make a great difference起很大作用；产生很大影响,9.change ones life改变某人的生活 10.benefit from得益于，从获益,话题佳作 随着科技的发展，人类对外层空间的探索越来越深入。你们班据此展开了一次讨论，请根据表格中的内容写一篇讨论稿，并谈谈你的观点和想法。,佳作欣赏 A survey about the exploration of outer space is conducted in our class. Different students have different opinions. The majority are in favor of space exploration because the Chinese people have been dreaming of going into outer space for a long time. It will help China to take part in the international competition in the future. However，some students argue against it. In their opinion，space exploration increases the economic burden. In addition，as a developing country，China should try to solve other social problems. Personally，its necessary to explore space. As a student，I will study hard so that I can make a great contribution to our country.,名师点睛 本文结构清晰：第一段引出话题；第二段说明不同学生对太空探索两种截然不同的观点；第三段：总结自己的观点。特色如下： 巧用被动语态引出话题；运用现在完成进行时表达中国人民一直以来的梦想；运用含有目的状语从句的复合句总结自己的观点。写作过程中使用过渡和衔接词汇，如however，in their opinion，in addition，personally等，确保行文连贯，过渡自然。,基础排查 点拨要点,语篇训练 提升能力,内容索引,教材升华 综合运用,基础排查 点拨要点,A.写作必记单词 1.theory n.学说；理论 theory在理论上 2.unlike prep.与不同；不像 is unlike sb.to do sth.做某事不符合某人的特点,1,in,It,3. adj.有害的 (1) n.& vt.伤害，损害 (2)be to对有害 do sb. (do harm sb.)伤害某人；对某人有害 There is no harm .做没有害处。 (3)If we know that gossip can be (harm)，then why do so many of us do it？(2016浙江),harmful,harm,harmful,harm,to,in doing,harmful,4.exist vi.生存；存在 (1) n.生存；存在 (2)come existence产生；成立；开始存在 (3)There exists a good way to solve the (exist) problem in geography. (4)It can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still (存在).(2016全国) (5)It (存在于) milk in great amount.(2016四川),existence,into,existing,in existence,exists in,5.puzzle vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难； n.谜；难题 (1)His last paintings are perhaps the most ，which even all the artists.(puzzle) (2)He had a (puzzle) look on his face. (3)The firemen were in a puzzle about the cause of the fire. (同义句转换) The firemen the cause of the fire. 6. adj.温和的；文雅的,puzzling,puzzle,puzzled,were puzzled about,gentle,7.pull n.& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 pull 停车；停止 pull 穿上 pull 推倒；拆掉 pull 进站；停靠 pull 康复 pull 停靠在路边,up,on,down,in,through,over,B.阅读识记单词 8.astronomy n._ 9.system n._ 10.religion n. _ religious adj._ 11.billion n.& pron.& adj. 12.globe n._ global adj._,天文学,系统；体系；制度,宗教；宗教信仰,宗教的,万亿；十亿,球体；地球仪；地球,全球性的，全世界的,globe作“地球，世界”解时习惯与不定冠词连用。all over the globe全世界,13. adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 n.暴力 14.atmosphere n.,表示“大气”、“大气层”或“空气”时是不可数名词，它习惯与定冠词连用。,violent,violence,大气层；气氛,15.fundamental adj._ 16.chain n._ 17.multiply vi.& vt._ (1)Five (multiply) by eight is forty. (2)If you multiply 7 15，you will get 105.(填介词) 18.gravity n._ 19.satellite n._ 20.physicist n._ n.物理学 adj.身体的；物理的,基本的；基础的,链子；连锁；锁链,乘；增加,multiplied,by,万有引力；重力,卫星；人造卫星,物理学家,physics,physical,21.extinct adj._ extinction n._ 22. n.气候,climate与weather，都可指天气，但前者指一个地方长期的较为固定的气候状态，包括阴晴、干湿、风雨等情况在内，可用不定冠词修饰；而后者指某特定日子的天气情况，不可用不定冠词修饰。,灭绝的；绝种的,灭绝,climate,23.crash vi.& vt._ 24.float vt.& vi._ (n.)_ 25.exhaust vt. (1) adj.感到筋疲力尽的 adj.令人疲劳的 (2)We were exhausted after the journey.(同义句转换) We after the journey.,碰撞；坠落,(使)浮动；(使)漂浮,漂浮物,用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽,exhausted,exhausting,exhausted ourselves,exhaust是及物动词，其意不是“筋疲力尽”而是“使筋疲力尽”，表示某人自己筋疲力尽时，通常要带反身代词作宾语，或用被动形式(实为系表结构)。,1. 及时；终于；合拍子 time准时；按时 no time立即，马上 no time决不 at time一次 at time曾经；一度,2,in time,on,in,at,a,one,2. 产生；分娩 Sheila described the adventure of giving birth to Perri in a tiny town in Trinidad where her husband was doing research fieldwork. 希拉描述了在特立尼达的一个小镇生育佩里时的冒险经历，当时她的 丈夫在该小镇做野外调查。 3. 轮到某人 turn依次；反过来；结果 turns轮流 take to do/(at/in) doing.轮流做,give birth to,in ones turn,in,by,turns,4. 阻止；制止 The laws protect everyone here from (attack).,(1)同义短语：stop.from，keep.from。 (2) 在主动语态中，stop.from和prevent.from中的from可省略；但在被动语态中from不可省；keep .from无论是在主动语态还是被动语态中都不能省略from。,prevent.from,being attacked,5. 挡住(光线) In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease. 在16世纪的早期，人们认为皮肤上的脏东西是阻挡疾病的一种方式。 6. 感到高兴；感到振奋 (1)In the authors eyes，motorheads are (cheer) and smart. (2016天津) (2)Cathy didnt expect any award but was still there to _ (为喝彩/加油) her friends and praise their accomplishments. (2016天津),block out,cheer up,cheerful,cheer on,7. 既然 But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways，researchers are discovering new rules. 但是因为信息正以不同的方式传播和监测，所以研究人员正在研究新 的规则。(2016全国) 8. 熟悉；掌握；理解,now that,get the hang of,9. 突发；爆发 break 打断；闯入 break 结束；散开；分解 break 崩溃，垮掉；出毛病；抛锚 break 闯入；突然起来 10. 密切注意；当心；提防 watch 监视；看管 keep a watch 注意 watch受监视；被看管,break out,in,up,down,into,watch out for,over,on,under,1. was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 随后它会变成什么没有人知道，直到4538亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地 形成一个固体的球状物。,3,What it was to become,be to do有五层意义： (1)表示预定，意为“预定”，相当于be going to do。 (2)表示义务，意为“应该”，相当于should。 (3)表示可能，意为“会做”，相当于can/could。 (4)表示命运，意为“注定”(通常用于过去时，描述过去的事实)。 (5)用于if.were to do，引导对将来的虚拟语气。,2.This produced a chain reaction， for life to develop. 这产生了连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。 3.But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried _ and fell over. 但是当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是 在地球上的两倍，并且摔倒在地。,which made it possible,twice as far as,on the earth,倍数的表达方式： (1)倍数as.as. (2)倍数比较级than (3)倍数the size/height/length/width.of. (4)倍数what从句 (5)倍数that of.,4walking a bit of practice . 既然重力已经改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。,does need,now that gravity has changed,教材升华 综合运用,.教材与语法填空 The earth was just 1. cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”.The earth exploded 2. (loud) with fire and rock.They were in time to produce many things，which were 3._(make) the earths atmosphere.As the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.It allowed the earth to dissolve 4. (harm) gases.Then life began to develop.,a,loudly,to make,harmful,Small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.This encouraged the 5. (develop) of early shellfish and fish.Land animals such as insects，reptiles and dinosaurs 6._(appear) after green plants appeared.Small clever animals spread all 7. the earth.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,8. prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.9. life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10. (solve).,development,appeared,over,which,Whether,be solved,.教材与短文改错 Last month I paid a visit the moon with my friend.Before we left，I was told the force of gravity would change three time on our journey.Then we took up.As we left the earth，I became very heavily. Gradually the weight lessen.When I was in space，it was disappeared. We floated weightlessly around in the cabin and I cheered up., to,times,off,heavy,lessened,When I was on the moon，I was surprising to find even walking needed a bit of practice now that gravity changed.The returning of the earth was very frightened.We were amazed to watch fire broke out on the outside of the ship.,surprised,to,frightening,break,.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于恐龙) 1.据说恐龙曾经是地球的主人。 2.恐龙在地球上存活了好多年。 3.它们生下小恐龙，温暖的气候使它们迅速繁殖。 4.不幸的是，它们未能制止自己的消失。 5.此后人类就开始统治这个地球。 提示：加蓝部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用It was said that.等结构。,连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文),It was said that dinosaurs were once the masters of the earth.They existed on the earth for a long time.They gave birth to young babies and the warm climate helped them multiply quickly.Unfortunately，they couldnt prevent themselves from disappearing and then it was the turn of the humans to control the earth.,语篇训练 提升能力,. 阅读理解,. 七选五,. 完形填空,. 阅读理解,(2016辽宁辽南协作体二模) September 21,2050At a press conference today it was announced that the first tourist heading for Mars will be the 38yearold US businessman Patrick Clifford. He will leave the earth in the launching window of June 2052 and set his foot on the surface of Mars in November，together with the other 6 astronauts assigned for the mission to further explore the planet.,Patrick has now two years of training ahead of him to get ready for the trip. Not only will he spend five months in getting to Mars，but another 600 days there before he can go back home. Patrick was of course very excited，“This has been my dream since I was four，and seeing the first man on Mars 20 years ago made me realize that it was possible.” To be able to pay the 1.3 billion for his ticket for the trip，Patrick sold his majority stake(股份) in the company his father had built.“I know that my father would have been proud of me if he had still been alive today，he knew what this means to me，” says Patrick. There is no risk，though，,that you will find Patrick begging in your street corner when he comes back，but it is said that he was paid twice as much for his part of the company. So，how is he going to spend his 600 days on the red planet? “Well，since I dont have a job when I get back after selling the company，I have plenty of time to come up with a new business idea，”he says and laughs. If he brings a shovel(铁锹)，he can start building the first hotel there，but maybe he shouldnt expect too many guests until someone can offer a cheaper ticket.,1.Patrick Clifford will go to Mars . A.on business B.for pleasure C.to build a hotel D.to explore the planet,细节理解题。根据文章首句“September 21,2050At a press conference today it was announced that the first tourist heading for Mars will be the 38yearold US businessman Patrick Clifford.”可知他是到达火星的第一批游客，所以他去火星的目的是旅游，所以答案是B。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,2.How long will Patrick Clifford be away before he comes back? A.About five months. B.About two years. C.About 750 days. D.About 600 days.,细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“Not only will he spend five months in getting to Mars，but another 600 days there before he can go back home.”可知是530600750，所以答案是C。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,3.The underlined part in Paragraph 3 means that . A.we neednt worry about Patricks economic conditions B.the trip will turn Patrick into a beggar C.Patrick will get much money from the trip D.its likely that Patrick will be very poor after he comes back,句意猜测题。这句话的意思是：回来后，你不会看见他在街头乞讨的。说明不要担心他的经济状况，所以答案是A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,4.What can be inferred from the passage? A.A total of six people will go to Mars. B.Patricks father felt excited at the news. C.Patrick will spend all his money on the trip. D.Patrick is an optimistic man.,推理判断题。从最后一段的句子“.I have plenty of time to come up with a new business idea，he says and laughs.”可知他是乐观的，所以答案是D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,. 七选五,(2016广东揭阳市模拟) Creating a good study environment takes a little planning. It is well worth the time as the end result will be much productive study time. Many people fail to do this and wonder why they cannot concentrate. After a couple of times of studying the right way，most people will be surprised at how much they can actually enjoy studying. 1,答案,解析,G Read on to learn how to create a good study environment.,下文主要介绍了创造良好学习环境的方法，故此处应为：往下读，学习如何创建一个良好的学习环境。故选G。,Know that concentration is the key. Reduce every possible distraction.Turn off the television and go in an area where you will not be interrupted by people. 2 If you are studying on your computer，dont get distracted by emails and social networking sites.,答案,解析,C If you can，turn off your cell phone.,第二段主要讲述了学习时要集中注意力，不要分心，不被外界事物叨扰，所以选项中只有C项符合题意，即：如果可以，关闭手机。故选C。,3 If it is too dim(暗)，your eyes will be strained and leave you tired and wanting to close your eyes. Sun is a light that naturally wakes you up and helps you think.,答案,解析,D Find a place that is proper to read.,由本段内容可知，如果学习时光线太暗会使眼睛疲劳，太阳光线是可以使你保持清醒，帮助你思考的。故此处应为：找一个合适的地方去阅读。故选D。,Choose a comfortable seat. 4 Now a couch can work just fine for this as long as you dont find yourself laying flat after a few minutes. The whole point of studying is to be able to concentrate on the study matter and not on a sore back.,E It should have a good back support and a good feeling.,答案,解析,本段首句提到“Choose a comfortable seat”，学习时找一个舒适的座位，可知此处涉及到的是关于座位的问题，备选答案中符合题意的只有选项E。,5 Now this is for the person who needs the background noise to tone out all the little noises of life going on. If you find yourself thinking about the song then maybe silence is better for you. Keep something to drink and snack on close by to keep your blood sugar stable. Obviously sugary foods will give you a quick rush but you will also have a quick low afterward. A. Learn more to make study environment different. B. Turn on some music. C. If you can，turn off your cell phone. D. Find a place that is proper to read.,E. It should have a good back support and a good feeling. F. Some people can study with lots of activities going on. G. Read on to learn how to create a good study environment.,答案,解析,本段下文提到“Now this is for the person who needs the background noise to tone out all the little noises of life going on.”可以放点背景音乐来消除生活中的噪音，故选B。,B Turn on some music.,. 完形填空,(2016湖北汉阳一中模拟) Run FreelyA Lesson About Courage One afternoon，many years ago，I went to pick up my mother from work. I got there a little early so I 1 the car by the roadside and waited for her.,1.A.left B.started C.stopped D.drove,leave留下；start开始；stop停下；drive开车。根据文意由于“我”到达那里的时间有点早，所以我把车停在路边等她，所以答案是C。,答案,解析,As I looked 2 the car window，there was a small park where I saw a little boy，around one and a half to two years old， 3 freely on the grass as his mother watched from a short 4 .,2.A.outside B.down C.toward D.over,outside在外面；down向下；toward向，朝；over超过。根据文意“我”通过车窗向外看，看到一小男孩在公园草坪上玩耍，所以答案是A。,答案,解析,As I looked 2 the car window，there was a small park where I saw a little boy，around one and a half to two years old， 3 freely on the grass as his mother watched from a short 4 .,3.A.playing B.smiling C.rolling D.running,play玩；smile笑；roll卷；run跑。根据小男孩在草坪上自由地玩耍，可知答案是D。,答案,解析,As I looked 2 the car window，there was a small park where I saw a little boy，around one and a half to two years old， 3 freely on the grass as his mother watched from a short 4 .,4.A.sight B.length C.time D.distance,sight视野；length长度；time时间；distance距离。根据文意小男孩在草坪上玩耍，他的妈妈在离他有一段距离的地方看着。from a short distance近距离地。,答案,解析,The boy had a big smile on his face 5 he had just been set free from a 6 .,5.A.even if B.so long as C.as though D.now that,even if尽管；so long as只要；as though好像；now that既然。根据文意小男孩满脸笑意好像刚从监狱里被释放出来一样，所以答案是C。,答案,解析,The boy had a big smile on his face 5 he had just been set free from a 6 .,6.A.prison B.house C.park D.castle,prison监狱；house房子；park公园；castle城堡。根据文意小男孩笑得好像刚从监狱被释放出来一样，所以答案是A。,答案,解析,The boy would then fall to the grass，get up，and without 7 or without looking back at his mother，run as fast as he could，again，still with a 8 on his face，as if nothing had happened.,7.A.attention B.hesitation C.question D.application,attention注意力；hesitation犹豫；question问题；application申请。根据文意小男孩在草坪上摔倒了又爬起来没有一点迟疑，甚至没有回头看一眼妈妈，所以答案是B。,答案,解析,The boy would then fall to the grass，get up，and without 7 or without looking back at his mother，run as fast as he could，again，still with a 8 on his face，as if nothing had happened.,8.A.puzzle B.smile C.pleasure D.surprise,puzzle困惑；smile微笑；pleasure愉悦；surprise惊奇。根据文意他还是奋力地跑着，脸上洋溢着笑容，好像什么事情也没发生过一样，所以答案是B。,答案,解析,Kids，when they fall down，they dont consider their falling down as a failure. 9 ，they treat it as a learning experience.,9.A.However B.Instead C.Still D.Anyhow,however然而；instead代替，而不是；still仍然；anyhow不管怎样。根据文意孩子们摔倒了并不认为是自己失败了，相反他们把它视为一种学习的经历，所以答案是B。,答案,解析,They feel compelled to try and try again until they 10 .,10.A.stop B.win C.achieve D.succeed,stop停下；win赢得；achieve实现；succeed成功。根据文意他们一次又一次地尝试着直到他们成功了，所以答案是D。,答案,解析,Not only was I impressed by the boys courage，but I was 11 touched by the manner in which he ran. With each attempt，he looked so 12 ，so natural，without signs of fear，nervousness，or of being disappointed.,11.A.luckily B.apparently C.actually D.equally,luckily幸运地；apparently明显地；actually实际上；equally平等地。根据文意小男孩的勇气给“我”留下了深刻的印象，并且小男孩跑步的方式也给“我”留下了深刻的印象，所以答案是D。,答案,解析,Not only was I impressed by the boys courage，but I was 11 touched by the manner in which he ran. With each attempt，he looked so 12 ，so natural，without signs of fear，nervousness，or of being disappointed.,12.A.confident B.joyful C.quiet D.proud,confident自信的；joyful欢乐的；quiet安静的；proud自豪的。根据文意他的每一步探索，都充满了自信，没有一点害怕、紧张和失望，所以答案是A。,答案,解析,His only 13 was to run freely and to do it effectively as he could. He was just being a 14 ，just being himself. He was not looking for 15 or worrying about whether 16 was watching.,13.A.worry B.talent C.concern D.conclusion,worry焦虑；talent才能；concern关心(的事)；conclusion结论。根据文意他唯一关心的是尽情的奔跑，所以答案是C。,答案,解析,His only 13 was to run freely and to do it effectively as he could. He was just being a 14 ，just being himself. He was not looking for 15 or worrying about whether 16 was watching.,14.A.student B.child C.player D.winner,student学生；child孩子；player弹奏者；winner赢家。根据文意他就是一个孩子，他只需要做自己，所以答案是B。,答案,解析,His only 13 was to run freely and to do it effectively as he could. He was just being a 14 ，just being himself. He was not looking for 15 or worrying about whether 16 was watching.,15.A.chance B.fortune C.approval D.trouble,chance机会；fortune运气；approval赞赏；trouble麻烦。根据文意他不在意是否获得他人的赞赏，不担心有没有人在看着他，所以答案是C。,答案,解析,His only 13 was to run freely and to do it effectively as he could. He was just being a 14 ，just being himself. He was not looking for 15 or worrying about whether 16 was watching.,16.A.someone B.none C.everyone D.one,someone有人，某个人；none一个也没有；everyone每个人；one一个。根据文意他不担心是否有人在看着他。答案是A。,答案,解析,He wasnt concerned about being judged. He didnt seem to be bothered by the fact that maybe someone would see him 17 and that it would be 18 if he did fall.,17.A.try B.run C.cry D.fall,try尝试；run奔跑；cry尝试；fall跌倒。根据文意他不介意是否有人看到他摔倒了，他没有被这个事实所困扰，所以答案是D。,答案,解析,He wasnt concerned about being judged. He didnt seem to be bothered by the fact that maybe someone would see him 17 and that it would be 18 if he did fall.,18.A.embarrassing B.disappointing C.frightening D.exciting,embarrassing令人尴尬的；disappointing令人失望的；frightening令人害怕的；exciting令人兴奋的。根据文意摔倒了被人看到会感到尴尬，所以答案是A。,答案,解析,No，all that 19 to him was to accomplish the task of activity at hand to the best of his ability，feeling the experience of running fully and freely.,19.A.happened B.cared C.mattered D.related,happen发生；care关心；matter要紧，重要；relate有关联。根据文意所有他认为重要的是尽全力完成手边的活动，自由、充实地体验跑步的乐趣。所以答案是C。,答案,解析,I learned a lot from that observation and 20 ，and have successfully brought that lesson with me in life.,20.A.experiment B.experience C.expression D.expectation,experiment实验；experience经历，经验；expression印象；expectation期望。根据文意从那次“我”的观察和经历中“我”学习到了很多，所以答案是B。,答案,解析,以上语篇训练之 素材提炼再拓展,.词汇拓展 1.launch vt.发射；发动 n.发射；发动；推出 What is the purpose of the project (launch) by Nancy? 2.distracted adj.心烦意乱的；注意力不集中的 (1) v.分散；转换 (2)They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior，which connects with how easily people get bored and (distract). (3)Then，there are other (distract)，such as family or hobbies.,launched,distract,distracted,distractions,3.set ones foot on踏上 the foot of在脚下 ones feet站起来 4.together with和一同，连同 (1)The chief engineer together with his colleagues (look) for new scientific methods of farming since five
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