2019-2020年高三第一次测试题英语.doc

2019-2020年高三第一次测试题英语 . 语言知识及应用(共两节。满分35分) 第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 1 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once panies have attracted customers they often 2 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the petition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to bee carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business 3 that the customer remains a customer. 4 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average pany loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 5 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few panies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 6 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a pany loses can make a big 7 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 8 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Dominos Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 9 never returns, is losing the pany thousands of dollars in 10 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 11 is impossible to deny. “In practice most panies marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 12 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 13 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 14 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 15 for petitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.1.A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all2.A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe3.A. denyingB. ensuring C. arguing D. proving4.A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing5.A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses6.A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical7.A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference8.A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget9.A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary10.A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable11.A. beliefsB. loyalty C. habits D. interest12.A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting13.A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected14.A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive15.A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1625的相应位置上。There are some special traditions in Hawaii. People are very friendly and always wele visitors. They give visitors _16_ lei along necklace of beautiful fresh flowers. Men wear bright _17_ (flower) shirts, and women often wear long flowered dresses. There are _18_(tradition) Chinese, Japanese and Filipino holidays and all the holidays from the United States. They call Hawaii the Aloha State. Aloha _19_ (mean)both hello and goodbye. It also means “I love you”.Usually when people from different countries, races, and traditions live together, there are serious problems. There are a few problems in Hawaii,_20_ in general, people have learned to live together _21_peace.Hawaiians earn most of their money from travelers , most of _22_ e from the mainland and from Japan. There are many people_23_ (live)in Hawaii now so there are residential areas _24_there used to be farms. Some of the big sugar and pineapple panies have moved to the Philippines, where they do not have to pay workers _25_ much money. The families of the first people who came from the U.S. mainland own the important banks and panies. Japanese are also buying or starting businesses here. 阅读 (共两节, 满分50分)第一节 阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AEach year, 1,400 high-school students from more than 40 countries are invited to pete in the prestigious Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (Intel ISEF), the worlds largest precollege science contest. The select group of young scientists is chosen from the several million students who pete in local and regional science fairs throughout the year. Participants pete for $3 million in scholarships and prizes, presenting projects in 15 categories like medicine, biochemistry, puter science and zoology. Earning top honors isnt the only goal for contestants. Nineteen percent (or 274) of the finalists at the xx petition held last month have already begun the process to patent their projects.Ammem Abdulrasool, a senior at the Illinois Junior Academy of Science, won top honors at this years Intel ISEF for his project, “Prototype for Autonomy: Pathway for the Blind.” He walked away with $70,000 in prize money and a free trip to Octobers Nobel Prize ceremony. Abdulrasool developed technology that allows visually impaired individuals to navigate themselves from one location to another by using the Global Positioning System. Individuals wear a half-kilo Walkman-size device, a bracelet on each arm and a pair of earphones. After entering a starting and ending location into a personal digital assistant (PDA), they are guided with verbal mands that tell them when and in what direction to turn. Simultaneously, a bracelet vibrates signaling the correct direction. To test his device, Abdulrasool recruited 36 blind adults and asked them to visit five landmarks in his neighborhood. The navigational tool saved people an average of 26 minutes in travel time and reduced the number of errors (wrong turns and missed locations). “Looking at how hard it was for them to travel and how they were dependent on everyone else motivated me to do something,” he said. Abdulrasool hopes are applying for a patent and then plan to market the product mercially.In the fairs 56-year history, a number of projects have been implemented for mercial use. Michael Nyberg, a xx petitor, hoped to reduce the number of West Nile virus infections through acoustics. With a bucket of mosquito larvae and a sound generator, Nyberg discovered that a 24 kHz frequency resonated with the natural frequency of mosquitoes internal organs: larvae that absorbed the acoustic energy would explode. His sound-emitting device, Larvasonic, is now sold online (larvasonic). Tiffany Clark, a xx petitor, found evidence that bacteria produced the methane gas found inside coal seams in Wyomings Powder River Basin. This suggested that injecting nutrients into coal seams might provide an unlimited supply of natural gas. A Denver-based technology firm is now continuing Clarks high-school research. And someday soon, blind people around the world may be wearing bracelets that issue GPS mands. 26. How are young people selected to participate in Intel ISEF? A. They are pre-university students.B. They must win science petitions in their home countries.C. They must patent or be about to patent an invention.D. They are chosen from young people who take part in science petitions.27. Which of these is NOT mentioned as an advantage of Abdulrasools device?A. It enables blind people to get from A to B faster.B. It helps them avoid obstacles.C. It gives information to blind people in more than one way.D. It is extremely light.28. How are Abdulrasools invention and those of Michael Nyberg and Tiffany Clark similar? A. Their inventions all have organic ponents.B. They all won the Intel ISEF petition, though in different years.C. They all have, or could have, profitable applications.D. None of them have patents yet.29. How does Tiffany Clarks idea work?A. She feeds underground bacteria and they produce natural gas.B. Bacteria eat coal and produce natural gas.C. Bacteria are injected with coal molecules and produce natural gas.D. Bacteria extract natural gas from coal and are then harvested.30. Which of the following statements about the Intel ISEF petition is true?A. It began in the 1960s.B. The biggest prize this year was $3 million. C. There are 15 prizes in a variety of categories.D. Many participants have patented ideas and inventions.BTen years ago, Pierre Omidyar, a software engineer working in Californias Silicon Valley, began thinking about how to use the internet for a trading system in which buyers and sellers could establish a genuine market price. Over a long holiday weekend he wrote the puter code. At first, a trickle of users arrived at his websiteincluding his girlfriend, who traded PEZ candy dispensers. By the end of 1995, several thousand auctions had been pleted and interest in eBay was growing. And it grew and grew. From this modest beginning, eBay has bee a global giant, with around 150m registered users worldwide who are set to buy and sell goods worth more than $40 billion this year.The remarkable tale of eBays growth points to some important lessons for any business trying to operate onlineand today that includes, one way or another, most firms. The mercial opportunities presented by an expanding global web seem almost limitless. But the pace of change is rapid, and so is the ferocity of petition. To succeed, firms need agility, an open mind and the ability to reinvent themselves repeatedly. Most of all, they need to listen carefully to their customers, paying close attention to what they do and dont want.Such qualities, of course, would be valuable in any kind of business. Yet for online firms they are not a luxury, but necessary for mere survival. This is true for a variety of reasons. The internet is not only growing, but changing rapidlywhich, in turn, changes the rules of the game for any business relying on it. The barriers to entry are still low pared with those for most offline businesses, which means that just keeping track of your existing rivals is not enough. These may not represent the greatest petitive threat tomorrow or the next day. That could e from a number of directionsa firm in a different type of online business; one that does not yet exist; or even from one of your own customers. On top of all this, the behavior of many consumers is constantly changing as well, as individuals discover new ways to shop and interact with each other via the web.All these factors make the internet a dangerous place to do business, as well as one full of promise. eBays history demonstrates both of those things. It is probably safe to say that nothing like eBay could have existed without the internetor could have grown so fast. Even though there have been signs of the firms blistering pace slowing a bit in America, its most “mature” market, there remain vast opportunities overseas, particularly, some argue, in China. Meg Whitman, eBays chief executive, believes the pany is still only at the beginning of what it could achieve.31. What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the founder of eBay and his girlfriend.B. To demonstrate how clever the founder of eBay is.C. To show how eBay started and has grown.D. To introduce eBay to people.32. Which of the following best summarizes Pierre Omidyars intention with regard to eBay?A. To set up a global internet business. B. To allow people to freely buy and sell on the internet at acceptable prices.C. To set up a mechanism on the internet to allow people to trade at true market prices. D.To se up a business mechanism for his girlfriend.33. Which of these is it NOT necessary for a pany selling on the internet to do?A. Have the most petitive price for each of their online products.B. Be able to change to suit the prevailing market conditions.C. Be prepared to consider all options and alternatives.D. Have a good idea of what their customers do not want.34. What does “barriers to entry are still low pared with those for most offline businesses” in paragraph 3 mean?A. It is easier to set up an internet business than a conventional one.B. Internet trade is growing faster than traditional business sector.C. It is cheaper to set up an internet business than a traditional one.D. panies generally prefer to do business online rather than offline.35. Why does the article conclude that the internet “is a dangerous place to do business”?A. Because panies that sell online may be unreliable.B. Because there are no controls on doing business on the internet.C. Because doing business online is unpredictable.D. Because even panies like eBay have problems doing business online.CThe European capital cities, Berlin and London, running the third and the fourth richest economies in the world, both produce about a metric ton of rubbish for each household per year. But when it es to disposing of their citizens waste, the fortable similarities end. London, and Britain as a whole, is in the middle of a waste crisis. Today, the environment secretary, Margaret Beckett, is presiding over a waste summit to try to find out why the UK is not going to reach its 25% recycling and posting (转制成堆肥) target by xx; currently, it is managing 11%.By parison, Berlin and Germany know exactly where they are going. Although Berlin has been the capital for less than a decade, and has had east and west to unite, it has already reached 40% recycling. The city has one ambition: to have no rubbish to dump or burn in 20 years time. So far, the city has not decided quite how, but it is developing new technologies and moving steadily in the right direction. London, by parison, has a chaotic system. The 33 boroughs all have different recycling systems.Ken Livingstone, who since taking office as mayor has published a brand-new waste management strategy for the capital, is responsible for sorting out this hotch potch（杂乱的一堆东西）. One of the most contentious issues both for London and Berlin is incineration（焚烧）, with both cities burning a large proportion of their waste-London 20% and Berlin 32%.Here again Berlin has made decisions and London is uncertain. Berlin has a state of the art incinerator in the 1970s and upgraded constantly until in the 1990s it is impossible to detect any emissions but warm gases. The city has abandoned plans to build another and instead wants to make the existing one redundant by reducing the waste so there is none to burn.London boroughs have plans to increase the size of the incinerator at Edmonton and there are plans to build more elsewhere. But Livingstone is resisting and the government is already rethinking its current energy from waste policy.Samantha Heath, the chair of Greater London Authoritys environment mittee, wants to invest in the market for recycled goods so there is somewhere for the material to go and a prospect of selling it, or at least disposing of it for less than the price of incineration or landfillIngolf Rank, spokesman for Berlins City Cleaning pany has some advice: “The first task is to get the public on your side.” Each household has to pay 40 pounds every three months to dispose of its rubbish. In future, the less they create, the more they recycle and post, the less they will have to pay, he says.Each house in Berlin has a series of different coloured bins for refuse so glass, paper and plastics can be separated for recycling. This allows 800 000 tonnes of rubbish a year to be turned back into useful items.But Berlin has ideas that have not ever been heard of in London. For example, at this time of year, thousands of trees that line Berlins streets shed their leaves. Rather than put these leaves into general rubbish and add to the problems of disposal, they are collected up in large vacuum cleaners and turned into garden post. Most of London has no posting service at all.Another system that stops material even being called rubbish is a collection service for second-hand furniture and electrical goods less than seven years old. Each offering is inspected, taken to a central shop, and sold at low cost to poorer people. It saves a lot of material being dumped.Not all goes according to plan in Berlin, however. Rank says that people dump waste in the streets, like mattresses, old furniture or just general rubbish cost the city 2.8 million pounds a year.One problem the city has tried to solve but failed, is the excreta of 150 000 dogs. Rank says it is the owners responsibility to clean up after their pets but police who tried enforce the law were “sometimes bitten (by the dogs), insulted by the owners and even beaten up. As a result we still have to clean up 40 tonnes of droppings every day. Nobody is happy about that.”36. Which of the following is correct? _A. By xx, UK is going to reach its 25% recycling and posting target.B. UK has survived a waste crisis already.C.Berlin has 33 boroughs with different recycling systems.D.Germans are ambitious to have no rubbish to dump or burn in 20 years time.37. Which is the main way for the two countries to deal with rubbish?A.To bury. B.To incinerate. C.To sell D.To post.38.Inferring from the passage, which of the following is the main factor for Germans abandoning the incineration system?A. Citizens protest. B. High opportunity cost.C. Air pollution. D. Less produced rubbish.39. What do people in Berlin do with the fallen leaves? A. Landfill. B. Burning. C. Putting then into the dustbin. D. Turning them to fertilizer.40. The writer uses the _as a figure of speech.A. Simile B. Metaphor C. contrast D. personification(拟人)DNothing succeeds like confidence. When you are truly confident, it radiates from you like sunlight, and attracts success to you like a magnet（磁铁）. Besides, those who are self-confident can in turn inspire confidence in others: their audience, their peers, their bosses, their customers, and their friends. And gaining the confidence of others is one of the key ways in which a self-confident person finds success. So how can we build a sense of self-confidence and prepare ourselves on the way to success? First, do what you believe to be right, even if others mock or criticize you for it. Believe in yourself and believe that you can do it under any circumstances, because if you believe you can, then you really will. The belief keeps you searching for answers, which means that pretty soon you will get them. Second, govern your behavior based on what other people think. Whats more important, be willing to take risks and go the extra miles to achieve better results, in which case mistakes cannot be avoided. Dont hesitate to admit your mistakes, and learn from them. Next, work hard to settle the problems in order to cover up your mistakes before anyone notices. Building self-confidence is readily achievable, as long as you have the focus and determination to carry things through. And whats even better is that the things youll do