中考英语二轮复习第12讲书面表达专题讲义.doc

教学资料参考范本中考英语二轮复习第12讲书面表达专题讲义撰写人：_时 间：_【知识点睛】 中考书面表达题命题特点： 中考书面表达题，大体分为记叙文和应用文。记叙文以记事为主，叙事要力求充分、具体、详实。常考的应用文主要有书信、日记、通知、调查报告等。 中考书面表达题旨在通过书面表达测试学生作简单书面表达的能力，联想能力，灵活运用所学的英语知识的能力及初步运用英语表达思想的能力。 近六年，河南中考英语书面表达题以写人记事类为主，偶有考察话题作文（20xx年）。 年份分类20xx20xx20xx20xx20xx20xx文体记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文话题作文记叙文词数80词左右80词左右80词左右80词左右80词左右80词左右话题The biggest personal change Ive ever made I want to have _ My special _ What makes me a good friend? 了解历史的方式：1、看历史剧2、读史书 Liu Wei, an armless piano player, has a very special experience. 书面表达写作步骤：一、审 审题材、体裁 二、理 理要点 理结构 三、定 定人称 定顺序 定时态 四、查 查单词拼写 查主谓一致 查固定搭配 查句型句式 忌：汉语式思维 关键：理结构（列提纲）首段开门见山，落笔点题中间段根据要点要求，按一定的线索逐次展开尾段回应主题，首尾呼应，画龙点睛满分作文的标准： 要点全 （不能丢落要点） 要发挥 （不能限于回答问题或逐句翻译） 句式丰 （表达不能过于单一） 结构清 （表达有层次，会用关联词，注意首尾上下呼应） 书写美 （字迹工整） 无错误 （杜绝任何小错） 过渡词： 1. 并列关系的过渡词：and, as well as, not only. but also, neither.nor., both.and 2. 转折关系的过渡词：but, yet, however, on the contrary, although + clause, despite / in spite of + n./doing 3. 时间关系的过渡词：first, second, third, next, and then, finally, in the end, after, before, after a few days, a last 4. 空间关系的过渡词：near (to), far (from), in the front of, beside, behind, beyond, above, below, to the right 5. 比较关系的过渡词：in the same way, just like, just as 6. 对照关系的过渡词：but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, in spite of 7. 递进关系的过渡词：also, and, then, too, in addition, whats more, whats worse, especially, besides, moreover, furthermore, not only but also, at the same time 8. 因果关系的过渡词：because, since, then, so, therefore 9. 解释说明的过渡词：for example, in fact, in this case, for, actually. 10. 强调的过渡词：in fact, in deed, necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, most important 11. 目的的过渡词：for this reason, for this purpose 12. 列举的过渡词：for example, such as 13. 总结性的过渡词：in conclusion, finally 一、书面表达四步法 请以 “My _” 为题写一篇英语短文，描述一个你熟悉的人。 要求： 1. 先将题目补充完整； 2. 从外貌、兴趣、爱好、日常活动、职业等方面进行描述； 3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名； 4. 不少于70词。 My _一、审 审题材、体裁 半命题作文；写你熟悉的人； 外貌、兴趣、爱好、日常活动、职业等； 禁止真实校名、人名；词数要求 二、理 理_外貌、兴趣、爱好、日常活动、职业等 理_ 总My father is strict with me in my study, but I love him. 分(1) English teacher; tall; thin; strict; kind (2) on workdays; work; from morning to night; run; in the morning (3) on weekends; free; Saturday morning; take me out; have a walk; Saturday afternoon; help; homework; Sunday afternoon; go fishing with his friends 总This is my father. I love him. 三、定 定_第三人称：my father/he 定_部分地方考虑时间先后顺序 定_一般现在时 四、查 查_ 查_ 查_ 查_ 忌：_ 例文赏析（一）My Father My father is strict with me in my study, but I love him. He is an English teacher in Red Star Middle School. He is tall and thin with short black hair. He is strict but kind. On workdays, he is very busy working from morning to night. He likes getting up early and running in the morning. On weekends, he is usually free. So on Saturday morning, hed like to take me out and have a walk. On Saturday afternoon, he often helps me with my homework. Sometimes on Sunday afternoon, he goes fishing with his good friends. This is my father. I love him. 例文赏析（二）My Father My father is a doctor who works really hard. He has devoted himself to his career for he gets up very early and gets back home late. What he thinks about all day long is the patients and how he can release the pains of his patients. And he will do whatever he can to help his patients. In his free time, he likes reading books and often takes notes on important points. Whats more, he published a book. Besides reading, he likes listening to music to get relaxed. That is my father. I love him and Im proud of him. 二、写作训练营A 你身边的每个人对你来说都具有特殊的意义。请以“My special _”为题用英语写一篇短文，描述你家庭的某个成员或你的朋友、老师、同学等。 要求： 1. 在题目空格处填入你要描述的对象，如grandma, teacher或friend等； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 80词左右。 My special _ _一、审：审题_二、理理要点_理结构 _三、定定人称_定顺序_定时态_四、查查单词拼写查主谓一致查固定搭配查句型句式忌：汉语式思维B假如你叫李华，你打算中考结束后和同学们结伴出游，但遭到了父母的反对。请结合此事，谈谈如何对待父母及如何解决日常生活中与他们意见不一致的问题。 要求： 1. 逻辑清晰，语言通顺，观点不限，自由发挥，无需标题。 2. 文中不能以任何方式出现真实的人名、校名县（市）区名及其它相关信息。 3. 词数：80-100。 参考词汇：中考 the High School Entrance Examination _一、审：审题_二、理理要点_理结构 _三、定定人称_定顺序_定时态_四、查查单词拼写查主谓一致查固定搭配查句型句式忌：汉语式思维C假如你叫李华，你的美国笔友Tom上周刚过完生日。他想知道你经常和谁一起过生日，怎么过的，你收到的最喜欢的礼物是什么，以及你喜欢它的原因。请你根据他的问题回复邮件。提示词语：cake, noodles, sing songs, make a wish, get presents Who do you often celebrate your birthday with? Your parents? Your friends? Or? What do you usually do on your birthday? What is your favorite present? Why do you like it? 根据中文和英文提示，写一封意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于50词的回信。信的开头和结尾已给出，其词数不计入所要完成的回信内。所给英文提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。 To TomFrom Li HuaSubject BirthdayHi! Tom, Im glad that you had a nice birthday party last week._Yours.Li Hua一、审：审题_二、理理要点_理结构 _三、定定人称_定顺序_定时态_四、查查单词拼写、查主谓一致、查固定搭配、查句型句式、忌：汉语式思维D学习方法、自我反思、合作交流、同伴互评是学习过程中几个重要的方面。其中，有效的学习方法能使你的学习境界大开，让学习成为一种享受。在你初中三年的学习过程中，你一定会有一些好的学习方法与你的同伴分享，请按以下要求写一篇短文，内容须包含以下要点：your good learning method(s)an experience that you helped your partnersyour thoughts and feelings要求：1. 词数100词左右，提示词仅供参考；2. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。_一、审：审题_二、理理要点_理结构 _三、定定人称_定顺序_定时态_四、查查单词拼写查主谓一致查固定搭配查句型句式忌：汉语式思维_四、查查单词拼写查主谓一致查固定搭配查句型句式忌：汉语式思维【参考答案】 【知识点睛】要点 结构 人称 顺序 时态 单词拼写主谓一致固定搭配句型句式汉语式思维【精讲精练】写作训练营AMy special friendMy best friend and I get along with each other quite well. But we are so different. He is funnier, more outgoing than me and Im more serious. He is more athletic and likes to play all kinds of sports but I am smarter on study. My friend is wilder than me and I am calmer. He is tall, thin, strong, with short hair, and sometimes he is very careless and lazy. On the other hands, I am short, fat and weak, with short hair. He is very helpful because I am very lazy and dont want to do any sports. And I will help him with his study. This is my special friend. I love him. BLast time I told my parents about my summer travel plan and they simply said “No”. I was really upset at first. But later I realized that they were just worried about my safety. So I talked to them later and made it clear that I would be safe together with my classmates. In the end, not only did they agree to my plan but also helped me prepare for the trip. So when our parents disagree with what we do, we should explain to them what we think and ask them for advice. How nice we and our parents can understand each other! CHi! Tom, Im glad that you had a nice birthday party last week. I often celebrate my birthday with my parents and friends. We usually spend it at my place with a big birthday cake, some delicious noodles, soft drinks and many fun games. After we sing songs together, I usually make a wish. I also get presents on this big day and my favorite gifts are video games. I just love to have friends over playing together. Yours, Li Hua DDiscussing in a group really helps me a lot. It broadens my mind and allows me more chances to express my thoughts.Shy and nervous, my classmate Jeff used to hide himself behind books. Answering questions in public was quite a difficult job for him. Once our math teacher asked us to solve a difficult problem. I encouraged Jeff to discuss his idea with us and we found his way was so creative. Believe it or not, he could share his ideas with friends in public now.Discussing in a group not only makes me enjoy the happiness of learning but also deepens the friendship.中考英语语法+题型专题附录材料附录1：中考英语八大时态 一、一般现在时 (一) 构成： 一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则在动词原形后加-s或-es。 Tom often helps his parents do housework at home. Sometimes Lucy washes her clothes herself. (二) 用法： 1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等表示频率的副词和短语连用。 I often take a bus to school. 2. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。 The earth is round. Light travels faster than sound. 3. 在时间、条件等状语从句中，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 When I grow up, I will go to America. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo. 4. 在某些以here，there开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。 There goes the bell. (三) 时间状语： 1. 表示频率的副词usually，sometimes等 2. every day, every year等时间状语。 二、一般过去时 (一) 构成：一般过去时用动词的过去式表示 Last week Tom made a model plane with his friend Jack. My father studied at this school twenty years ago. (二) 用法： 1. 表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态 I got up at six this morning. We visited a farm last Sunday. 2. 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作 When I was in the countryside, I often swim in the river. (三) 时间状语 和一般过去时连用的时间状语有：last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1990, in the past, the other day, just now等。 三、一般将来时 (一) 用法： 1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，其结构是will+动词原形。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next Saturday, in+时间段等。 They will leave for Beijing next week. Will you be back in two days? 当主语是I或we时，疑问句中一般使用shall，表示征求对方意见。 Where shall we meet tomorrow? 2. be going to + 动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定并且很有可能发生的事。 He is going to speak on TV this evening. 3.We are leaving for Shanghai. T4. be to + 动词原形结构表示即将发生的动作。 5. 用一般现在时表示将来的情况： 1) 表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作。 Were leaving for Kunming. Our plan takes off at 8:30. 2) 当主句为一般将来时，在if, as soon as, until, when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 If it doesnt rain this afternoon, well have a basketball match. (二) 注意：下面有几种情况下只可用will/shall表示将来，不可以用be going to结构。 1. 表示有礼貌的询问对方是否愿意或者表示客气的邀请或命令时。 Will you please lend me your bike? 2. 表示带有意愿色彩的时候。 We will help him if he asks us. 3. 表示单纯性的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。 The sun will rise at 6:00 tomorrow morning. 四、现在进行时 (一) 构成：肯定式 am/is/are + 动词的现在分词 否定式 am/is/are + not + 动词的现在分词 疑问式am/is/are + 主语 + 动词的现在分词？ 肯定回答Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答No, 主语 + am/is/are + not. (二) 用法： 1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 What are you doing? I am washing my car. 2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 The students are working on the farm these days. (三) 时间状语： 时间状语为now, these days等或当句子中含有look, listen, can you see, cant you see之类的暗示词时，要使用现在进行时。 (四) 注意：下列动词一般不用于现在进行时中 1. 感官动词：如see, hear等 2. 表示喜欢或厌恶的动词，如like, like, hate等 3. 表示希望的动词，如want, would like等 4. 表示状态的动词，如be等 5. 表示归属的动词，如have等 6. 表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词，如know, think, forget等 五、现在完成时(一) 构成：主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词 (二) 用法： 1. 表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 Have you finished you homework? Yes, I have just finished it. I have lost my key. Have you found your lost key yet? No, I havent found it yet. 注意：already, yet常和现在完成时连用。already用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可以放在句末；yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放在句末。 2. 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for+时间段，since+时间点连用，表示持续的动作或状态，多用延续性动词。 Mr. Zhang has taught English for 20 years. (三) 几个副词在现在完成时中的用法 1. just：刚刚。表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。 H2. ever：曾经。用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词和过去分词之间。 Have you ever been to London? 3. never：从来没有。常与before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。 I have never travelled by plane before. 4. before：以前。指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型限制。 I have never heard of this singer before. (四) 延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法 1. 现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，而与一段时间连用时应注意居中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，而非延续性动词不可以和一段时间连用。 I have left my hometown for 10 years. () I have been away from my hometown for 10 years. () I have bought this book for two days. () I have had this book for two days. () 2. 在否定句中，非延续性动词可以与一段时间连用。 I havent gone to see him for several months. 3. 在肯定句中非延续性动词与表时间段的状语连用时可采用下述三种方法： 1) 将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词 buy haveborrow keepopen be openclose be closed begin/start be herego be therefinish be over die be deadput on wearget up be upwake up be awake fall asleep be asleeplose not havejoin be in leave be away arrive/reach becatch a cold have a cold 2) 将时间状语改为过去时间，且用一般过去时代替现在完成时 3) 用句型“It is + 时间段+ since从句（从句的位谓语动词为非延续性动词的过去式）”表示。 六、过去进行时 (一) 用法： 1. 表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday等，或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。 What were you doing at three yesterday afternoon? I was playing basketball at that time. I was reading when my mother came in. 2. 过去进行时常和always等品读副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。 Jack was always changing his mind. (二) 注意： 含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用 1. 主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，主句用过去进行时（从句用一般过去时）； 2. 从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时（主句用一般过去时）； 3. 若主、从句动作开始时间不存在先后关系（即同时发生）或无所谓先后时，主、从句可同时使用过去进行时，此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引出。 4. 注意：在上述情况下，若动词为表示状态的延续性动词时，一般都应用一般过去时，而不用过去进行时。 Luckily, when I went to see him, he was at home. 七、过去完成时 (一) 结构与用法： 过去完成时指的是过去某个时间已经完成的动作或状态，概括地说即表示“过去的过去”。过去完成时的谓语动词形式为“had + 动词的过去分词”。过去完成时在句中使用时一般有一个或暗含额发生在过去的动作与其比较，使用过去完成时的动词动作在该过去的动作之前。 (二) 时间状语：by last week, by the end of last year She had been away by the time I arrived. 八、过去将来时 (一) 用法： 1. 表示从过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常用在宾语从句中，谓语由“would+动词原形”构成。 He asked when the meeting would start. 2.He was going to start a new job when I saw him then. 附录2：主谓一致 一、语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。 1. 当and或bothand连接两个或多个表示不同概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用_形式。 Both Lucy and Lily _ (be) students. 2. 不定代词either, neither, each one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用_形式。 Everyone _ (be) ready for the sports meeting. 3. 由each, every, each and each, every and every 作主语时，谓语动词用_形式。 Each boy and each girl _ (have) been given a new book. 4. 主语后有with, along with, together with, as well as, no less than, rather than, including, besides, like, except, but等短语时，谓语动词的数由_决定。 All except Tom _ (have) passed the driving test. 5. “a number of + 名词复数” 作主语时，谓语动词用_形式；“the number of + 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用_形式。 A number of trees _ (be) cut down. 16 / 16