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2019-2020年中考英语总复习早读材料构词法英语中很多单词的构成形式是有规律的,掌握单词的构成规律有助于理解和记忆词汇。英语构词法主要有三种:合成、派生(前缀,后缀)和转化。1合成法:由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫作合成法。合成名词:classroom, boyfriend, basketball, schoolbag, blackboard合成形容词:worldwide, manmade, warmhearted, goodlooking, wellknown合成副词:however, whenever, somewhere, downstairs合成代词:everything, somebody, anything, something, nothing合成介词:within, without,into,onto合成动词:overe 合成数词:fiftyfour2派生法:在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词,这种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀,加在后面的词缀叫后缀。(1)前缀:un(不、非,表示否定):unfriendly, unpleasant, unfortable, unhappy,unusualdis(不、非,表示否定):discover, disagree, disappearim(不、非,表示否定):impossible, impolitein(不、非,表示否定):invisibleil(不、非,表示否定):illegalmis(不、非,表示否定):mistake, misunderstand bi(两个、双边的):bicycleinter(相互、交叉、在一起):interview, international, Internetre(又、再、重新):rewrite, return, review, retelltele(远):telephone, televisionen(使成为):enable, enjoy(2)后缀:名词后缀:or/er(从事某种职业的人):actor, visitor, director, singer, runner, worker, teacherist(人):artist, scientist, tourist, pianistese(民族、语言):Chinese, Japanese tion(表示行为、状态):invitation, attraction, population, pronunciation, discussionment(表示行为、结果):movement, developmentness(表示状态、性质):happiness, illnessship(表示状态、身份):friendship, relationship形容词后缀:ful(表示充满):successful, beautiful, colorful, wonderfuly(表示性质):funny, healthy, cloudy, windy, salty, windying(表示特征、状态):boring, exciting, interesting, outstandinged(表示特征、状态):surprised, balanced, relaxed, talentedal(表示与有关的):traditional, international, natural, personal,nationalable(表示能够):fortable, unforgettable, suitableless(表示没有、无):homeless, hopeless, careless, helplessen(表示由制成的):wooden, goldenive(表示性质、倾向):active, collectiveish(表示属于,有性质的):foolish副词后缀:ly(表示品质、方式):really, usually, finally注意: friendly, lovely, lively 这三个单词虽以ly结尾,但却是形容词。数词后缀:teen(表示十几):thirteen, fifteen, sixteenty(表示十):twenty, forty, seventy3转化法:一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类,这种构词法叫转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。(1)名词转化为动词:show n展览;展示show v表演;展出 hand n手hand v交给 water n水water v浇水 color n颜色color v给着色 (2)形容词转化为动词:slow adj.慢的slow v放慢 clean adj.干净的clean v把弄干净dry adj.干的dry v使变干 empty adj.空的empty v使变空(3)动词转化为名词:walk v散步walk n散步 look v看look n相貌,长相
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