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四六级阅读需掌握 72 个关键1It 作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型 Shehad said whatitwasnecessarytosay.2强调句型 Itisnotwhorulesus thatisimportant,buthowhe rulesus. 3All+抽象名词或抽象名词+itself(very+形容词) Hewasallgentlenesstoher. 4利用词汇重复表示强调 Acrime is acrimeacrime. 5something(much)of和nothing(little)ofsomething of相当于tosomeextent,表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中,则为anythingof,可译为有点,略微等。译为毫无 ,全无。muchof译为大有,notmuchof可译为算不上,称不上,littleof可译为几乎无 。somethinglike 译为有点像,略似。 Theysaythat hehadnouniversity education,but he seemstobesomethingof ascholar. 6同格名词修饰是指 of 前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物,of 以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语,以修饰of后面的那个名词。如heroldsharperofafather,可译为:她那骗子般的父亲 。 Those pigsof girlseat so much. 7asascan(may)be Itisas plain asplaincan be. 8It isin(with)asin(with) Itisinlifeasin ajourney. 9as good as相等于,就像,几乎如;实际上,其实,实在。 The merchantas goodaspromised the orphanboy,that he wouldadopthim. 10 many aswellas和mightaswell asmany as wellas可译为 与其,不如,更好,以这样做为宜,如同,也可以 等等。 mightas wellas表示不可能的事,可译为犹如,可与一样荒唐,与其那样不如这样的好等等。 Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknow itimperfectly. 11 tomakeof 的译法(使 成为,把当作) Iwillmakeascientistofmyson. 12 oo+不定式,not(never)too+不定式,toonot+不定式 Sheistooangrytospeak. 13 only(not,all,but, never) too todoso和tooready(apt)+ todo结构中,不定式也没有否定意义,凡是not,allbut 等字后+tooto, 不定式都失去了否定意义,在 tooready(apt)+todo结构中,不定式也没有否定意义。 You knowbuttooyelltohold your tongue. 14 nomorethan句型 Ahomewithout loveisnomoreahomethanabody withouta soulis aman. 15 not somuchas和notsomuch as 结构,notsomuchas=notsomuchas ,其中 as 有进可换用 butrather,可译为:与其说是毋须说是 。而 notsomuchas=without(not)even,可译为甚至还没有 。 The oceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit. 16 Nothingismorethan和Nothingisso as结构,Nothingis morethan和Nothingis soas 都具有最高级比较的意思, NothingI可换用no,nobody,nowhere,little,few,hardly,scarcely等等,可译为没有 比 更为,像再没有了,最等。 Nothing ismoreprecious thantime. 17 cannottoo结构,cannottoo意为Itisimpossibleto overdo或者,即无论怎样也不算过分。not可换用hardly,scarcely等,too可换用enough,sufficient等 You cannotbetoocareful. 18 否定+but结构,在否定词后面的but,具有 whichnot,whonot,that not,等等否定意义,构成前后的双重否定。可译成 没有 不是或都 等 Nothing issobadbut it mighthave beenworse. 19 否定+until (till)结构,在否定词no,not , never,little,few ,seldom等的后边所接用的until/till,多数情况下译为直到 才,要才,把否定译为肯定。 Nobody knowswhathecan do tillhehas tried. 20 not sobut 和notsuchabut结构,这两个结构和否定+but的结构差不多,不同之点是这两个结构中的but是含有thatnot意味的连续词,表示程度。可译为还没有 到不能做 的程度,并不是 不 ,无论怎样也不是不能 等。 Heisnotsosickbut hecancome toschool. 21 疑问词+shouldbut结构,这个结构表示过去的意外的事,意为nonebut,可译为除了还有谁会 ,岂料,想不到竟是等。 Who shouldwriteitbuthimself? 22 whoknowsbut (that) 和whocould shouldbut 结构,这个结构是反问形式,一般意译为多半,亦未可知等等,有时也可直译。 Who knows but(that) he maygo? 23 祈使句+and和祈使句+or结构,祈使句+and表示Ifyou,祈使名+or表示ifnot,you。 Addlovetoahouseandyouhave ahome.Aadrighteousnesstoacityand you haveacommunity.Aadtruthtoapile ofredbrickandyouhaveaschool. 24 名词+and结构,在这个结构中,名词等于状语从句,或表示条件,或表示时间。 Aword,and he wouldlosehistemper. 25 as,so 结构,这里的 so的意思是in thesameway(也是如此) 。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。 Asrusteats iron, socare eats theheart. 26 if any结构, ifany和ifever,意思是 果真有 ,即使有 ,表示加强语气。与此类似的还有:ifanything (如有不同的话,如果稍有区别) ,ifa day (=at least,至少) 。 Thereislittle,if any,hope. 27 beitever(never)so和let it beever(never)so结构,这里,beit中的be是古英语假设语气的遗留形式,现代英语则使用letitbe。everso和neverso都表示同一意思,都表示very。 Beiteverso humble(letitbeeversohumble),homeishome. 28 thelast+不定式和thelast+定语从词 结构,这种结构中的last 意思是the leastlikely,用于否定性推论。可译为最不大可能的,最不合适的,由原意的最后一个变成最不可能 的一个。 Heisthe last manto acceptabride. 29 sothat句型,这个句型的意思是如此,以致于,但在翻译成汉语时,许多情况下,并不是一定要译成如此以致于,而是变通表达其含义。 Heran sofast thatnobody could catchhimup. 30 more +than+原级形容词(副词)结构,这是将不同性质加以比较,其中的more有rather的意思。 Itismorethan probablethathewillfall. 31 more than+ 动词结构,这种结构表示动词的程度,可译为异常,岂止,十二分地等。 Thismorethansatisfiedme. 32 goodand的副词用法,译为非常,很等。类似还有niceand ,fine and,lovelyand,brightand,rareand ,bigand等,均表示程度。 The apples aregoodandripe. 33 andthat结构,这个 andthat应译为而且,表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强,that代表前面的整个陈述部分。 Returntoyourwork, and thatatonce. 34 atonceand结构,这个结构译为既又,起相关连接的作用,相当于bothand。 The novelisat oncepleasingand instructive. 35 inthat结构,这个结构的意思是在那一点上(方面) ,可译为因为。类似的结构还有inthis。 The budgetis unrealisticinthatitdisregardsincreasedcosts. 36 thenamenotwithstanding结构,这个结构中notwithstanding是介词,这个介词可以置前,可以置后,比如也可写成:notwithstandingthe name。起让步状语的作用。 Some peoplethinkofthestoragebatteryas asortofcondenser whereelectricityisstored.Butthisisanentirely wrongconception,thename notwithstanding. 37 Everynot和Allnot结构,Everynot表示不见得每个都是 ;Allnot表示不见得所有都是 的意思。 Everymanisnotpolite,andallare notborn gentlemen. 38 mayaswell notas结构,此结构可译为与其不如不。 Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknow itbutimperfectly. 39 have only todo结构,此结构表示 只须(消)就能 的意思。Wehaveonlytoturntothat extraordinarydiscoverymadebyEdisontoseethesignificance ofit. 40 not (no)unless句型 Noincreaseinoutputcanbeexpectedunlessanewassemblylineisinstalled. 41 betterthan句型 Bettermylifeshouldbeended by theirhate,thanthat hated lifeshouldbe prolongedtolivewithoutyourlove. 42 as it were是一个非常常用的插入语,意思是 好象,可以说等。 Apieceof iron nearamagnet,thoughapparently separatefromit,feels,as itwere,the threads ofthisattachment. 43 复杂结构,在下面例句中,由于 anyone 的定语从句过长,把谓语 mustrealize 提到定语从句之前。 Thoughfaith and confidencearesurelymore orlassforeign tomynature,Ido notinfrequently findmyselflookingtothemtobeable,diligent,candid,andevenhonest.Plainly enough,thatistoolarge anorder,as anyone must realize whoreflectsupon themanner in whichthey reachpublicoffice. 44 notanymorethan 为:不能,正如不能 。 Onecannot learntosketchand expresshimselfgraphicallyonlybyreading aboutitany morethanonecanlearntoswimwhile standingby thepool. 45 Bythatas itmay是Letitbethat asit may的省略形式,是由be 引起的另外一种假设结构,意思是虽然如此,尽管这样。 Itissaidthatthenervepoison is the moreprimitiveofthe two,that the blood poisonis,sotospeak,anew productfrom animproved formula.Bethatasit may,thenervepoisondoes itsbusiness with manfarmorequicklythanthebloodpoison. 46 if atall是一个由if引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为即将 ,即使 等。 Ican see onlywithgreatdifficulty,ifatall. 47 由 there 引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构. Therehavebeenopenedup tothevastandexcellentscience,in whichmyworkisthe beginning,waysandmeans bywhichothermindsmoreaccuratethanwinewillexploreits remote corners. 48 rangefromto结构。这是一个常见结构,译时很多情况下应变通处理,不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。 Computer applicationsrangefromanassemblylinecompletely runbycomputerstoachildrentoyrespondingtoremotesignals. 49 theway结构 Ialwaysthoughtshewasacommon-sensepersonwho discussedthingsthe way they oughttobediscussed. 50 复杂宾补结构 Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentof sensitive and accuratemeasuringequipment hasmadeit possibletomeasuretheacuityofhearingofany individualatdifferent frequencies. 51 某些分隔结构 1)动词短语相关部分被分隔(当makeuse of,take noticeof, payattentionto, 等动词短语变成被动语态时) 。 Useismadeof solarenergy inheatinghouses. 2)双重定语引起的分隔。 Butthereis of cultureanotherview,inwhich notsolelythescientificpassion,thesheerdesiretoseethingsastheyare,naturalandproper inanintelligentbeing,appearsas the groundofit. 52 tobedoingwhen 是一个句型,多译为某人正在做时,突然 。在简单的句子中容易看出,一旦句子变得复杂一些,可能就不太容易识别这种句型。 Shesaidsheandafriendhad goneout to dinnerthatnight,andwerewalkinghometogetheratabout10oclock,whenaverybig,verytallman,accostedthemanddemandedtheir purses. 53 tooto句型 ThenIrememberedhowoftenI,too,hadbeenindifferenttothegrandeurofeachday, too preoccupiedwith pettyand sometimes evenmeanconcernstorespondtothesplendorofitall. 54 somuchthat句型 Buthe developedgradually averymusicalEnglish.Helearnt towrite sentencesthatfallawayontheearwithamisty languorand it delightedhimsomuchthathe could neverhaveenoughofit. 55 when 引导状语从句有时并不好译,不能一看到 when 从句就考虑译为当的时候,它还有许多种译法。 Anythingisbetterthannottowrite clearly.There is nothingtobesaidagainstlucidity,andagainst simplicityonlythepossibilityofdryness.Thisisariskthatiswell worthtakingwhenyou reflecthowmuchbetteritistobeboldthanto wear acurlywig. 56 notbecause,有时可否定前面,有时可否定 because 本身,往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。 In1600theearthwas notthecenterofthe universebecausethemajority thensupposeditwas;nor,becauseshehadmore readers,wasElla wheelerWilcoxabetterpoetthan FatherHopkins. 57 sothat,suchthat是一个普通的句型,但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。 The truthis,thatinonepointofview,thismatterofnationalliteraturehas cometo suchapasswithus,thatinsomesensewemustturn bullies,elsethedayislost,orsuperioritysofarbeyond us,thatwecan hardlysayit willeverbe ours. 58 bydoing结构。这个结构的意思是通过(做) ,但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义,不少情况下需要灵活变通。 The hippos,by depositingdunginthewater,fed the fishthatsupportthestorksthatdestroythe raretrees. 59 下面例句为一倒装句,主语很长,而且又含有非常复杂的句型。这是以形容词作表语的倒装,翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。 Nolessobviousisthe fact therearegreatnumbersofpeoplesoconstitutedorso brought up thattheycannotgetso muchpleasureoutofprocessesandexperiencesresulting inapoorerlifeless fullofmeaning. 60 whatof句型 Ican not sayofmyself whatJohnsonsaidofPope:He neverpassedafault unamendedbyindifference,norquittedit bydespair.Idonotwriteas Ido;I writeasIcan. 61 英语的一个习惯用法是:当否定谓语 think(believe )时,实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定,译时可以按双重否定译,也可按肯定来译。 Itisa valuable work. I do notthinkanyonewritesso well thathecannot learnmuchfromit. 62 tohavenot(as)tosee中的不定式也有否定意味。 Hehadnotthegoodbreeding to seethatsimplicityand naturalnessarethetruestmarksofdistinction. 63 It occurredtosb.that意为突然想到 ,It dawned onsb.that.突然想起等。 从句是想起的内容。 Irememberoncebeing on abusandlookingatastranger.Hesuddenly lookedbackatme-i.e.oureyes met.Myinstinctivereactionwastoavertmygaze.ItoccurredtomethatifIhad continuedtomaintaineyecontact, Iwouldhavebeen rudeandaggressive. 64 It followsthat=Ithappensasaresult常常被译为由此可见,因此,从前,可以推断等等。 Itfollowsthatthehousewife willalsoexpecttobeabletohavemore leisure inherlifewithoutloweringher standard ofliving.It alsofollowsthathumandomesticservantswillhavecompletelyceased to exist. 65 thats allthereistoit,意思是也不过如此而已。可根据上下文视情况处理。 IfImtouched, Imtouched-thatsall thereis to it. 66 Thechancesare that是一句型,译为 有可能。 The chancesareyouwillneverattempt thatspeedwithpoetryorwantto race though somepassagesinfictionoverwhichyou wishtolinger. 67 Feel,see, leave 引起宾语的宾语补足语,或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的某些惯用句型,有时 see 和 feel 这两个词的被动式不大好译。遇到这种情况应挖掘其深层含义,不要拘泥于表面形式。 The educationoftheyoungis seentobeofprimaryimportance. 68 某此以 no,nowhere,never,notbout,notany,nothingbut, hardly,scarcely,seldom 等否定词语引出的一些结构。 Inevergopastthe theatrebutI think ofhislast performance. 69 某些用 choicebetween, toknowbetter, whether or,shouldhaveavoided(或 donebetter)等表示从两种做法中选取一种更好的做法 Thenwearefacedwithachoice between using technologytoprovideandfulfil needswhichhavehithertobeen regardedasunnecessaryor, ontheotherhand,usingtechnology toreducethenumberof hoursofworkwhichamanmustdoinordertoearnagivenstandardoflibing. 70 某些省略情况,应清单确认省略的内容。 The countryhadgrownrich,itscommercewas large,and wealthdidits naturalworkinmakinglife softerandmoreworldly,commerceindeprovincializingthemindsofthoseengagedin it. 71 修饰成分(包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等)多而长。 Acrossthecourt fromtheManhattanapartmentthatI haveoccupiedforthepastfewyearsis a dogthat oftenhurlsinsultsintothedarkness,afewofwhichmydogrefuses toacceptand makesatartreply. 72 一些外位语,所谓外位修饰,指从句子结构和内容上不起主要信息表达功能的部分。其作用是从语气和连接上下文等方面进行补充。在翻译成汉语时,往往可独立成句,外形上不保留修饰的痕迹。 Ofcourse,nobodywas hurt this time,becausewe had allbeentodinner,none ofusbeing novices excepting Hastings; and hehaving been informedbytheministeratthetimethatheinvitedhimthatin deferencetotheEnglishcustomthe had not providedanydinner.
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