2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解精练（1）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解精练（1）文化教育型阅读 专题导读文化教育类阅读理解的文章属高考常选材料之一，它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，常涉及文化、教育、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、各国学校教育、家庭教育等，重视语言和文化的关系。阅读材料更多地涉及社会文化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的社会文化背景知识。这类材料的命题点往往在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。在做这类阅读理解题时，应注意以下几个方面：(1)采用先题后文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一些，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。 (2)先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。(3)重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是Main idea型；一类是Topic或Title型。真题典例【xx广东卷】Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cat are worried that they will fight.A recent research has found a new recipe for success.According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly.Twothirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.However, it wasnt all sweetness and light.There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals are just opposite.For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission.In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behavior.They are learning how to talk each others language.It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk Dog， and dogs can learn how to talk CatWhats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence.They can learn to read each others body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in mon than was previously suspected.Once familiar with each others presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa.They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other.The significance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond petsto people who dont get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance. ()1.The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.AearlyBsweetlyCquickly Dsmoothly()2.Some cats and dogs may fight when _.Athey are cold to each otherBthey look away from each otherCthey misunderstand each others signalsDthey are introduced at an early age()3.What is found surprising about cats and dogs?AThey eat and sleep together.BThey observe each others behaviors.CThey learn to speak each others language.DThey know something from each others voices. ()4.It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _.Ahave mon interestsBare less different than was thoughtChave a mon body languageDare less intelligent than was expected()5.What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?AWe should learn to live in harmony.BWe should know more about animals.CWe should live in peace with animals.DWe should learn more body languages.【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。通过科学研究表明猫和狗在一定的情况下是能够和平相处的，而他们不能和平相处是由他们误解了彼此的身势语而造成的。但有趣的是猫和狗能够相互学习彼此的身势语，这样他们就能和平相处。1D词义猜测题。由第一段“A recent research has found a new recipe for success.”可知猫和狗也可以平静友好地相处，因此意义最接近的是D项。2C细节理解题。根据第二段“while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals are just opposite.”可知选C。3C细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour.They are learning how to talk each others language.”可知选C。4B细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“They can learn to read each others body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in mon than was previously suspected.”可知选B。5A推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知。 广告应用型阅读理解(二)LIPITORABOUT LIPITORLipitor is a prescription medicine.Along with diet and exercise，it lowers “bad”cholesterol(胆固醇)in your blood.It can also raise “good” cholesterol.Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several mon risk factors，including family history of early heart disease，high blood pressure，age and smoking.WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?Who can take LIPITOR：People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exerciseAdults and children over 10Who should NOT take LIPITOR：Women who are pregnant，may be pregnant，or may bee pregnant.Lipitor may harm your unborn baby.women who are breastfeeding.Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.People with liver(肝脏)problems.POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITORSerious side effects in a small number of people：Muscle(肌肉)problems that can lead to kidney(肾脏)problems，including kidney failure.Liver problems.Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start Lipitor and while you are taking it.Call your doctor right away if you have：Unexplained muscle pain or weakness，especially if you have a fever or feel very tired.Swelling of the face，lips，tongue，and/or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing.Stomach pain.Some mon side effects of LIPITOR are：Muscle painUpset stomachChanges in some blood testsHOW TO TAKE LIPITORDo：Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor.Try to eat hearthealthy foods while you take Lipitor.Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food.If you miss a dose(一剂)，take it as soon as you remember.But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose，wait.Take the next dose at your regular time.Dont：Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor.Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor.()1.What is a major function of Lipitor?ATo help quit smoking.BTo control blood pressure.CTo improve unhealthy diet.DTo lower “bad” cholesterol.()2.Taking Lipitor is helpful for _.Abreastfeeding womenBwomen who are pregnantCadults having heart diseaseDteenagers with liver problems()3.If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should _.Achange the amount of your next doseBeat more when taking your next doseChave a dose as soon as you rememberDtake the next dose at your regular time()4.Which of the following is a mon side effect of taking Lipitor?AFace swelling.BUpset stomach.CKidney failure.DMuscle weakness.()5.What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo teach patients ways for quick recovery.BTo present a report on a scientific research.CTo show the importance of a good lifestyle.DTo give information about a kind of medicine.【解析】本文为药品说明。主要介绍了药品的作用、适用人群、副作用及服药的相关注意事项。1D细节理解题。根据“Along with diet and exercise，it lowers bad cholesterol(胆固醇)in your blood.It can also raise good cholesterol.”可判断选D。2C细节理解题。根据“Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several mon risk factors，including family history of early heart disease，high blood pressure，age and smoking.”和“Adults and children over 10”可判断选C。3D细节理解题。根据“If you miss a dose(一剂)，take it as soon as you remember.But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose，wait.Take the next dose at your regular time.”可判断选D。4B细节理解题。根据“Some mon side effects of LIPITOR are: Muscle pain, Upset stomach, Changes in some blood tests”可判断选B。5D推理判断题。文章先总体介绍药品“Lipitor”的作用，接着介绍药品的适用人群及不适用人群，然后介绍药品的副作用，最后介绍服药的注意事项。由此可判断选D。科普知识（阅读理解）由 (xx浙江宁波高三上期末)改编The heat engine is certainly one of the most important devices that man ever invented.In its simplest meaning,the heat engine is a device that transforms heat energy into other forms of energy,such as mechanical and electrical energy.A great majority of the engines used today lie under the contributions that the heat engine made in the fields of industry,transportation,and the production of electricity gives us a deeper and more detailed look at the importance of heat engines.The heat engine had a great role in the Industrial Revolution of the nineteenth century. Scientists developed machines,based on heat engines,which could increase the amount of goods produced,and at the same time,decrease the amount of time and money consumed.The manufactured goods became affordable to almost everyone,and they were not a luxury any more.After the introduction of the heat engine in the industrial field,the concept of mass production was first realized,and industry boomed as never before.Through history man has always tried to invent efficient means of transportation.However,it was not until the invention of the heat engine that this became possible.A new era replaced the old era of animal-powered transportation,an era whose characteristics were speed and fort.The train was the first means of transportation that used the heat engine,and it introduced new horizons of long-distance traveling.However,there was another machine that replaced the horse as a personal means of transportation.It was called the car,and it also used the heat engine.The achievements of the car in a few decades wiped out centuries of horse transportation.Scientists realized the importance of electricity since the day it was discovered. Unfortunately,electricity was not available in nature for direct use.Scientists had to e up with ways of producing it.Here again,the heat engine was used to produce mechanical energy,which in turn can produce electricity.Today,many power-producing stations all over the world still use heat engines.They use coal or fuel oil to evaporate water,then the steam is used to turn a turbine which can produce electricity.In conclusion,heat engines proved to be one of the most important inventions.It is enough to observe the importance of industry,transportation,and electricity in our lives to know the importance of heat engines.Although the engines used today are quite different from the early ones,the same concept of changing heat into other kinds of energy is still used.1.What is the passage mainly about?()A.The importance of electricity.B.The importance of heat energy.C.The importance of the heat engine.D.The importance of means of transportation.2.The underlined word “transforms” in Para.1 can be best replaced by .A.changesB.dividesC.adaptsD.breaks3.Which of the following is TRUE after the scientist used heat engine in industry?()A.Heat engines greatly promoted industry.B.More money and less time were spent in producing goods.C.Manufactured goods decreased a lot because of mass production.D.The invention of the heat engine resulted in the invention of electricity.4.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?()A.The animal-powered transportation was slow but fortable.B.The heat engine is the greatest invention ever in the history of industry.C.The car is a means of personal transportation that is based on the heat engine.D.Before the invention of the heat engine,the animal was the only means of transportation.语篇解读:本文讲述了一项重要发明“热力发动机”的重要性和为人类所做出的贡献。答案及剖析:1.C主旨大意题。由全文内容尤其是最后一段的In conclusion,heat engines proved to be one of the most important inventions.可知,本文主要是关于热力发动机自发明以来在很多方面所起的重要作用,故选C项。2.A词义猜测题。由第一段关于热力发动机的定义.the heat engine is a device that transforms heat energy into other forms of energy,such as mechanical and electrical energy可知,热力发动机就是把热能转化成如机械能和电能的一种设备,故选A项。3.A细节理解题。由第二段的Scientists developed machines,based on heat engines,which could increase the amount of goods produced,and at the same time,decrease the amount of time and money consumed.可知,机器的使用提高了产量,减少了生产时间和劳动成本,故A项正确。其他三项与文章内容不符。4.C推理判断题。由第四段的.It was called the car,and it also used the heat engine可知C项正确。由第三段的A new era replaced the old era of animal-powered transportation,an era whose characteristics were speed and fort可排除A项;由文章的首句和最后一段的第一句话可排除B项;由第三段的.animal-powered.可排除D项。【疑难词汇解读】1.decrease v.&n.降低;下降,减少The number of the workers in that factory is decreasing.那家工厂的工人的数量在下降。2.affordable adj.付得起的Now houses are affordable to most people.现在多数人都能买得起房子。【长难句子分析】 以热力发动机为基础,科学家们制造了机器,这大大提高产品数量的同时也降低了生产所需要的时间和成本。