2019-2020年中考英语专题复习：动词时态及语态.doc

2019-2020年中考英语专题复习：动词时态及语态语法学习表时态意义标志词语构成公式被动语态一般现在时经常性、习惯性的动作，存在的状态，或客观真理often, always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day主语+V原形（主语是第三人称单数时，V加s或es）主语+is /am/are+V过分现在进行时现在正在发生的动作now，Look!, Listen!， at this moment主语+am/is/are+V-ing主语+am/is/are+being+V过分现在完成时过去的动作对现在有影响或过去的动作一直持续到现在already , yet ,since, so far主语 +have/has +V过分主语+have/has +been+V过分一般过去时过去发生的动作yesterday ，last week, ago, in xx, just now主语+V过去式主语+was/were +V过分过去进行时过去时间内正发生的动作或存在的状态at this time yesterday, just then, at 6:00 last Sunday, when+一般过去时主语+was/were+V-ing主语+was/were+being+V过分过去完成时过去已完成的动作by the end of +过去的时间，by the time +一般过去时主语+had+V过分主语+had+been+V过分一般将来时将要发生的动作或将来的状态tomorrow, next week, in the future, in two days, in 2100主语+am/is/are going to +V原形，或主语+will+V原形主语+will be+V过分过去将来时过去时间内将要发生的动作或存在的状态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句主语+was/were+going to+V原形，或主语+would +V原形主语+would+be+V过分现在完成进行时过去的动作一直延续到现在“since+时间点/从句/时间点ago”或“for+时间段” 主语+have /has+been+V-ing 含情态动词 can/may/must等+V原形can/may/must等+be +V过分考点精讲考点1 一般现在时有哪些特殊用法？（1） 表示此时此刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态。Whats the time now? 现在几点了？（2） 在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中（主句为一般将来时）。Ill call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing tomorrow.明天一到北京，我就给你打电话。（3） 在主句为过去时态的复合句中，如果宾语从句陈述的是客观真理，从句用一般现在时。The teacher said Maria is a girl.老师说玛利亚是个女孩。（4） 表示书、信、报纸、通知、广播、告示牌等的内容用一般现在时。It says, “Closed”.上面写着，“停止营业”。专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空1、 Three plus two_（be）five. 2、There_（go）the bell!3、Light_（travel）faster than sound. 4、If you_（ask）her tomorrow, she will help you.5、The notice _（say）“No Smoking!”.考点2 如何使用used to?used to后加动词原形表示“过去常常”，其疑问句和否定句可直接使用used，也可借助于did。I used to be afraid of dark .我过去常怕黑。He usednt to ride to school.他过去不常骑车去上学。He used to smoke, didnt he?他过去常抽烟，是吗？注意：be used to doing 意为“习惯做某事”， be used to do 意为“被用来”，不要混淆。专练 按要求变化下面的句型1、She used to play near the river.(改为否定句)_2、 The children didnt use to e here early,_？(补全反意疑问句) 考点3 一般将来时有哪些形式？ （1）“be going to+动词原形”表示计划或打算在最近要做的事。 Im going to take you to the park.我打算带你去公园。 （2）“will/shall+动词原形”是单纯的将来时，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 He will e back next week.他下周回来。 （3）“be+动词不定式”结构，表示按计划要发生的事，或用来征求对方意见。 We are to meet outside the park. 我们约定在公园外面见。 Am I to go on with the work? 这工作我是不是接着干下去？ （4）“be about+动词不定式”结构，表示即将做某事，一般不用时间状语。 It is about to rain.天要下雨了。（5） 现在进行时可用于表示马上要发生的动作，多用于瞬间动词（start,begin,die等）。 Im leaving for Shanghai. 我要去上海了。专练 按要求变化下面的句型1、 Have you finished your homework? Not yet. I_（this afternoon）.2、 Where are you going this Sunday? _（the zoo）.考点4 哪些动词没有进行时？ 表示感觉、情感、状态、看法、意愿的动词一般没有进行时，这类动词有：hear, see, smell, look, seem, think, like, want, hope, belong, cost, weigh, prefer, remain, have, own, believe等。专练 改正下面每个句子中的错误1、 Im hearing a strange noise now.2、 Now you are looking beautiful.考点5 现在完成时和一般过去时有什么区别？二者表示的动作都在过去发生。现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响和结果，不能与表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，与现在没有关系。Have you done your homework?你做作业了吗？ Yes, I have.做了。When did you do it?什么时候做的？ Last night.昨天晚上。专练 根据所给的动词短语，分别用一般过去时和现在完成时造句一、 go to the beach 2、not hear of that考点6 have been to, have been in和have gone to有何区别？have been in 表示“在某地”；have been to 表示“去过”某地，常与ever, never ,before, once ,twice等连用；have gone to 表示“去了”某地，人可能在途中或已到达那里。专练 用have(has) gone to, have (has)been to, have(has) been in 填空1、 Tim_out. Hell be back in an hour.2、 Jim_this city for two years.3、 _you ever_Jinan? It has some famous springs.考点7 现在完成时的句子，谓语何时用瞬间动词，何时用延续动词？ 若表示持续性的动作，常与表示一段时间的状语如these days, in the past few years, during the last three months, for two years, so far, up to now, till now, recently等连用。The old man has been away from home for twenty years.那老人离开家已十年了。注意：瞬间动词不能与持续性的完成时连用，必须改为延续动词，记住下面的瞬间动词与延续动词的换用：1、 动词变动词：buyhave, borrowkeep2、 变为“be+adj./adv.”：beginbe on, close/openbe closed/open, diebe dead, finishbe over, get upbe up, marrybe married, gobe off, ebe here, returnbe back, arrivebe here3、 变为“be+介词短语”：e/go be in/at, joinbe in(或“be+成员”)，put onwear(或be in) I came to this school ten years ago. = I have been in this school for ten years. = Ten years haspassed since I came to this school. = It is ten years since I came to this school. 专练 A）用所给动词的适当形式填空 1、I _（buy）this bicycle for five years. 2、You can _（borrow）it for two days. 3、The film_（begin）for five minutes. 4、How long _ you _（go）this school? 5、My brother _ (join) the army since xx. 6、I _（put on）the shoes since three years ago. 7、The old man_（die）since xx. B ) 将下面的句子变为同义句8、 They got married two years ago. It _since they got married.9、We came to this school three years ago. We_ this school _three years.10、I have been up for two hours. Two hours _I got up.考点8 如何将主动语态变为被动语态？主动句变为被动句的方法是：一看动词，二换主语，三变谓语。（1） 主动句有双宾语，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，但若将直接宾语用作主语，后面要使用to 或for引出间接宾语。He gave me a book yesterday. I was given a book yesterday./A book was given to me yesterday.( 2 ) 动词短语是一个不可分的整体，变化时不能丢掉介词或副词。 You should speak to me politely. I should be spoken to politely.(to 不可少)（2） 主动句的主语若是地点名词，变化时不要忘记加介词。Shandong produces salt. Salt is produced in Shandong. ( 4 ) 带宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补在原位置不动。 I saw a man playing basketball there. A man was seen playing basketball there. ( 5 ) 在主动句中某些动词后的不定式可省略to，但在被动句中to要补出。 Our parents make us study hard. We are made to study hard.专练 将下面句子的主动语态变为被动语态，被动语态变为主动语态1、 The students clean the room every day.2、 She gave me twenty yuan last week.3、 A present was bought for me by my sister.4、 The girl has taken care of the blind men for five years.考点9 哪些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义？（1） 系动词，如look, feel, taste, smell等。The music sounds beautiful.这音乐听起来很美。（2） sell, feel, write, drive, open 等词作不及物动词，其主语为物时。This kind of clothes sells well.这种衣服卖得很好。（3） 在be worth doing sth.中的doing。The basketball match is well worth watching.这场篮球赛很值得看。（4） 在need ,want, require等表示“需要”的动词后接V-ing形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done。My kite wants mending.我的风筝需修理。专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1、 The fur of the cat_（feel） very warm.2、 The apples_（taste）good.3、 This kind of food_（smell） hot.4、 The latest model cars _（sell）well.5、 The ball-pen_（write）smoothly.6、 Your coat _（not wash）easily.7、 The book is worth_（read）.8、 Your hair wants _（cut）.考点10 被动语态有哪些习惯用法？It is said that据说 It is well known that 众所周知It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that 大家相信It is said that it will rain tomorrow.据说明天要下雨。专练 根据汉语提示，用适当的词填空，完成下面的句子1、_（据说）we will have an English exam tomorrow.2、_(众所周知)most families have one bike at least.3、_(大家相信)our government will solve this problem.考点11 如何判断时态？遇到时态判断题可按以下步骤判断：一找标志（词），二想公式，三写变化。首先找出时态标志词，如：He_（not talk）now.其标志词是now。再根据标志词确定用哪些时态，想想其公式。如now是现在进行时的标志，公式是am/is/are+V-ing。注意：看句式是疑问句还是否定句，写出变化形式。如上题是否定句，故填isnt talking。中考英语试题精选动词时态与语态【1辽宁沈阳】1.Tomorrow theres a programme about our school on TV，then it _ by millions of peopleAwill seeBsawCwill be seenDwas seen【1湖北襄樊】2-Ithe Great Wall next week-Have a good trip！AvisitBvisitedCam visitingDhave visited【1山东东营】3. Heto Dongying many times, so he knows every corner of it.A. wentB. will goC. has goneD. has been【1安徽省卷】4. - Are you going to the party?- No, because I _.A. have askedB. havent askedC. have been askedD. havent been asked【1河北省卷】5. This term _ over. The summer vacation is ing in two weeks.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. will be【1湖北武汉】6. -When _ you _ to learn to skate?-Five years ago.A. do; startB. will; startC. had; startedD. did; start【1福建?晋江】7. I want to teach in Tibet when I graduate from the college.-Me too. Teachers _very much there.A. needB. are needingC. are needed【1湖北咸宁】8. The 1 Asian Sports Meetthis November in Guangzhou. Yes. I wish Chinese players will do well.A. will be heldB. have been heldC. was to be heldD. would be held【1黑龙江哈尔滨】9Great changes have taken place since we _ ETimesAnd the puter is widely used throughout the world Aentered Bwill enter Chave entered【1贵州铜仁】10. Hello!Is that Mr. Jiang ?No ,he_Guiyang .He will be back in more than two weeks.A. goesB. wentC. has gone toD. has been to【1江苏镇江】11. The Summer Palace is wonderful. Have you ever visited any other interesting places?Yes. Also, we _ to the Great Wall.A. have goneB. have beenC. had goneD. had been【1江苏苏州】12What do you think of the film“Avatar”?Its fantasticThe only pity is that I_ the beginning of itAmissedBwas missingCmissDwill miss【1甘肃?兰州】13. In the past few years there _ great changes in my hometown.A. have beenB. wereC. had beenD. are【1湖北宜昌】14. -Theres too much salt in the Chinese diet.-So there is. The WHO says only 1.5 grams of salt _ for each man every day.A. is neededB. needsC. will needD. has needed【1广东广州】15. Excuse me, whats this for?Its a cleaner and it _ to pick up dirt.A. usesB is usedC is usingD. used【1四川?达州】16. When we got to Yushu airport , we were told that they _ more than 500 people from the ruins (废墟) by earthquake.A. has savedB. savedC. had savedD. have saved【1宁夏】17. -Have you read this book?-Yes. I _ it two weeks ago.A. am readingB. have readC. will readD. readA. am doingB. were doingC. was doing【1重庆】18. If you _ to the 1 Shanghai Expo next month, I will go with you.A. goB. has goneC. will goD. are going【1浙江?义乌】19 It _ to drive after drinking wine.A. is allowedB. is not allowedC. is madeD. is weled【2山东临沂】20. Chen Guangbiao says he _ all his money to charities when he dies.A. leavesB. leftC. will leaveD. would leave【2山东威海】21.Mom, when can I go out to play football?Finish your homework first, or I _let you go out.A. dontB. didntC. wontD. havent【2?山东青岛】22. Hello! Im very glad to see you. When_you_here?A. did; arriveB. will; arriveC. have; arriveD. are; arriving【3山东滨州】23. We know that she enjoys _ books very much.A. readB. readsC. readingD. to read【3山东滨州】24. My pen pal Andrew found it difficult _ Chinese wellA. learningB. learnC. to learnD. learned【3.山东菏泽】25. As one of the school rules, middle school students are not_ to smoke.A. ordered B. refused C. allowed D. forbidden【3.山东菏泽】26. Our foreign teacher Mr Green _us English since three years ago.A. has taught B. is teaching C. taughtD. teaches【3山东济南】27.Why do you want to stay at home?Because I _ good when I am with my family.A. smeltB. feelC. taste D. sound【3山东济南】28. Your paintings are so great, David! When did you learn _?Three years ago.A. to meetB. to swimC. to paintD. to sing【3山东济南】29. Do you know Tom?Sure, we have _in the same village for many years.A. leftB. livedC. e D. gone【3山东济宁】30.Sorry, Mr Green. I have_my homework at home.Never mind. But dont forger next time.A.putB.keptC.leftD. remained【3山东济宁】31.Will you go and see the movieNet Motherwith me?Thank you. But I _it already.A.sawB. have seenC. seeD.will see【3山东聊城】32. Do you know the Englishman?Yes. I _ him for two years.A. get to knowB. have knownC. knewD. got to know【3山东临沂】33. Traveling to space is no longer just a dream. Russia _ the first hotel in space in the near future.A buildsB. will buildC. buildD has build【3山东临沂】34. Every year, more than 70,000,000 sharks _ for their fins.A. were killedB. have killedC. are killedD. will killed【3山东泰安】35. I want a ticket to Shanghai this afternoon, please.OK. Will you please _ me your ID card?A. tell B. serve C. send D. show【3山东泰安】36. I hear Mr. Zhang has gone to Beijing for a meeting.Really? Do you know when he _?A. leaves B. was leaving C. has left D. left【3山东泰安】37. Mum, when can I watch TV?As soon as your homework _.A. finish B. finished C. is finished D. will be finished【3山东泰安】38. Dont _ so often. Its bad for your health.A. get up B. stay up C. look up D. e up【3山东东营市】39. Therea football match and a concert this weekend. Which one would you like to go?A. isB. areC. will beD. will have【3山东日照】40.Do you enjoy _ a volunteer?If you want _ this, youd better join us.A. being; knowingB. to be; knowingC. being; to knowD. to be; to know【3山东日照】41.I called you this morning, but nobody answered it.Oh, we _ some running in the park.A. are doingB. were doingC. have doneD. did【3山东日照】42. Rock music may _ nice to young people, but most old people cant stand it.A. hearB. soundC. lookD. listen