四六级翻译 （1）

四六级翻译,考点归纳,题型介绍,评分原则及标准,四级Translation1. 整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。3. 整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。4. 整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。5. 大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,解题技巧,解题思路,1, 首先根据语法判断待译部分在句中的功能，结构及形式，即在句中充当什么成分,用动宾短语,介宾短语还是名词性短语,是否要用从句,是否要倒装等2, 注意选词应尽量贴切,尤其要注意搭配是否正确,不要混用近义词和形近词.3, 翻译完成后再次通读句子，检查有无拼写,用词,语法或逻辑错误，检查句子(整句)是否完整，主谓是否一致,代词和名词是否一致,是否遗漏了结构词,介词等,并进行必要的修改和润色.,常考要点归纳,一、倍数增减的表示法  5 1) Force N1 _(比力N2大2.5倍). is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考点：倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than） 2) This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍). reacts three times as fast as the other one （考点：倍数 + as + 形容词/副词 + as）,常考要点归纳,3) The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).is 49 times the size of the moon （考点：倍数 + 名词）4) The landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一). wants to raise the rent by a third（考点：动词 + by + 数词/百分比/倍数） 5) They _(计划将投资增加一倍). plan to double their investment （考点：double + 名词）,常考要点归纳,二、时态  61) Be quick, _(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了). or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考点：将来完成时）2) When she got home, _(孩子们已经睡着了). the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时）,常考要点归纳,3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _(我姐姐将在海边度假).my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside（考点：将来进行时） 4) I_(一上午都在修改我的简历). have been revising my resume all the morning （考点：现在完成进行时）,常考要点归纳,5) Do you often go on holiday? _(不，我已经有五年没有度假了). No. It has been five years since I went on holiday（考点：It has been since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了）,常考要点归纳,6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _(他参军已五年了). He has been in the army for 5 years（考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间）,常考要点归纳,三、被动语态  5 1) The blackboard and chalk _(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).is being replaced by the computer and the projector （考点：被动语态的现在进行时）2) The book _(到今年年底就将已出版). will have been published by the end of this year（考点：被动语态的将来完成时）,常考要点归纳,3) Computer models _(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式). can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work （考点：1. 被动语态与情态动词联用; 2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态）,常考要点归纳,4) When the bill of fare was brought, _(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料). I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated （考点：同“3”的考点2）,常考要点归纳,5) _(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms. Effective measures must be taken immediately 四、情态动词  51) The phone is ringing, _(但是没人接听。她一定不在家). but there is no answer. She cant be at home （考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，cant 表示“一定不”）,常考要点归纳,2) I cant find my sunglasses. _(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).   I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday （考点：“情态动词can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断）,常考要点归纳,3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了). You must have dreamed of something terrible （考点：同上） 4) Its a pity. _(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的). You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony （考点：“情态动词should/ought to + have done” 用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思）,常考要点归纳,5) _(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters. I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party （考点：“情态动词neednt + have + done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”，“不必做”),常考要点归纳(虚拟语气),1) I wish _(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会). I had had your opportunities when I was young （考点：I wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望） 2) If only _(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself. he had known this disease is curable （考点：If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是就好了”，用法与 I wish基本相同）,常考要点归纳,3) Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? Id rather he _(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰). painted it blue, and without any decorations （考点：would rather 后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实）,常考要点归纳,4) Its high time that _(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).    measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams （考点：Its (about/high) time 后的that从句中用过去式，表示“该是的时候了”） 5) Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的). as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly （考点：as if / as though引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑）,常考要点归纳,6) We insist that _(让杰克立刻进医院). Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的宾语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式） 7) It was advised that _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店). more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）,常考要点归纳,8) His proposal was that _(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题). they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）,常考要点归纳,9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考试). the mid-term exams (should) be canceled （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式） 10) It is ridiculous that _(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水). we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining （考点：在It is/was +形容词后的that从句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。,常考要点归纳,这类形容词常见的有：advisable, anxious, desirable, essential, important, impossible, improper, necessary, proper, urgent, vital, ） 11) It is essential that _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备). everyone (should) be prepared for emergency （考点：同上）,常考要点归纳,12) _(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey. If he had booked tickets in the way I told him （考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反） 13) I was to have made a speech _(要不是有人把我的话打断了). if I had not been interrupted （考点：同上）,常考要点归纳,14) It didnt rain last night. _(要是下了，地就会湿的). If it had rained, the ground would be wet （考点：在非真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式） 15) _(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now. If I had been living in New York （考点：同上）,常考要点归纳,16) If the doctor had not come in time, _(他现在就不在人间了). he would be dead now （考点：同上） 17) But for his help, _(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了). we could not have rent a house at such a low price （考点：but for经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）,18) I used my calculator; _(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题). otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this  question （考点：otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语） 19) Were I in your place, _(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会). I would seize the opportunity without hesitation （考点：在非真实条件句中如果有were, had, should这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件）,20) Had it not been for their opposition, _(这项法案早就通过了). this act would have been passed much earlier （考点：同上） 21) Should there be another world war, _(人类的继续存在就会有危险). the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy （考点：同上）,22) He walked lightly _(以免惊醒婴儿). lest he should awaken the baby （考点：lest (以免)引导的从句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虚拟） 六、不定式  10 1) It was a great achievement _(10个月建成一栋24层的楼). to complete a 24-story building in 10 months （考点：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面）,2) It is necessary _(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉). for us to have a good nights sleep before the test （考点：有时用“介词for + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等）,3) It is generous _(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民). of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area （考点：有时用“介词of + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，常用的形容词有：bold, brave, careful, careless, cruel, foolish, generous, honest, kind, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong）,4) The teacher decided _(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生). not to punish those students who had been late for class 考点：1. 用不定式结构作decide的宾语；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not） 能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, attempt, beg, decide, forget, intend, manage, mean, offer, prefer, promise, ）,5) Mr. Green was wondering _ (是否去看望在法国的儿子).  whether to visit their son in France （考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。 6) The gardener _(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水). warned me just now not to water flowers at noon （考点：不定式作宾语补语）,7) We _(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座). invited him to give us a lecture on modern art （考点：同上） 8) He feels it challenging _(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席). to be the chairman of students union in so large a university （考点：动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + 不定式。it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语）,9) We hope to have more opportunities _(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践). to apply what we have learned in class to practice （考点：不定式作定语）10) The bad weather _(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划). ruined our plan to show the film in the open air （考点：同上）,七、分词  9   1) This is the first time that I heard  _(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”). “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian （考点：分词作宾语补语） 2) The cars _(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.   parked in the fire lane （考点：分词作定语）,3) The war went on for years, _(夺去了成千上万人的生命). killing thousands upon thousands of people （考点：分词作结果状语） 4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _(将平均产量提高了15%). raising the average yield by 15 percent （考点：同上）,5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _(想推导出它的运转原理). trying to deduce its operating principle （考点：分词作伴随状语） 6) _(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study.Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book （考点：分词作原因状语）,7) _(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education. Deeply moved by the boys deeds （考点：同上） 8) _(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and    ordinary man. Seen from the eyes of a young friend （考点：分词作方式状语）,9) _(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them. Not having heard from his parents for a long time （考点：1. 分词作原因状语；2.分词的否定形式；3.现在分词的完成式） 八、动名词  6 1) _(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good. Taking a cold bath every day （考点：动名词作主语）,2) They tried to avoid _(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情). making their daughter do what she didnt like to do （考点：动名词作动词的宾语） 3) Developing varieties is the key to _(使我们的产品进入国际市场). getting our goods into the international market （考点：动名词作介词的宾语）,4) It is no use _(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣). crying over spilled milk 考点：动名词用于固定结构。5) He denied_(偷看了同桌的试卷). having peeked at his neighbors test paper （考点：动名词的完成式） 6) We congratulated her on _(被提升为经理). being promoted to manager （考点：动名词的被动式）,九、非谓语动词用法区别  10 1) Success means _(非常努力地工作). working very hard. （考点：mean表示“意味着”） 2) John meant _(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障). to drive there, but his car broke down （考点：mean表示“打算”）,3) I heard him _(在跟他的母亲谈话). talking to his mother （考点：强调正在进行） 4) I heard him _(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时). talk to his mother for an hour （考点：强调整个过程）,5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _(结果却摔断了自己的腿). only to break his own leg （考点：意料之外的结果） 6) He jumped from the burning house, _(摔断了双腿). breaking his legs （考点：意料之中的结果）,7) He was happy _(看到父母很健康). to see his parents in good health （考点：不定式作原因状语位于句末） 8) _(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief. Seeing his parents safe and sound （考点：分词作原因状语位于句首）,9) _(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda. Following its footprints （考点：现在分词强调主动） 10) The pop, _(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans. followed by two body guards （考点：过去分词强调被动）,十、名词从句  11 1) _(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret. Why they left their hometown for Yunnan （考点：主语从句）2) _(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well. What confused me most （考点：同上）,3) _(这么做是故意的) became obvious. That this was done on purpose （考点：同上） 4) It is not clear yet _(谁应该为这件事负责). who should be responsible for this matter （考点：较长的主语从句可以后置，用it作形式主语）,5) It is none of your business _(玛丽与谁订婚). whom Mary is engaged to （考点：同上） 6) Dont put off till tomorrow _(今天能做的事). what can be done today （考点：宾语从句）,7) This novel is just _(我一直在寻找的). what I have been looking for （考点：表语从句） 8) It is not yet known _(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力). whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision （考点：whether/if引导后置的主语从句）,9) _(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me. Whether she likes the present （考点：whether引导前置的主语从句）10) Finally, the workers got an answer    _(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages （考点：同位语从句） 11) Obviously, there was little certainty _(主席会同意他的提议). that the chairman would agree to this proposal,十一、定语从句 41) Everyday many tourists come to visit _(鲁迅出生的那栋房子). the house where Lu Xun was born （考点：先行词为地点，定语从句通常由where引导）2) The old lady died _(在她儿子到达的那天).   on the day when his son arrived （考点：先行词为时间，定语从句通常由when引导）,3) This is _(我赞成这一改革的理由).   the reason why I am in favor of this reform （考点：先行词为reason，定语从句通常由why引导）    4) Some of the roads were flooded, _(这使我们的旅程更为艰难). which made our journey more difficult （考点：非限制性定语从句）,十二、状语从句  4 1) _(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion. Whatever we talk about （考点：让步状语从句） 2) _(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply. However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him,3) We climbed high _(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景). so that we might get a better view （考点：目的状语从句） 4) You can go out _(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来). as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night （考点：条件状语从句）,十三、比较级最高级  4 1) Does she dance _(跟她姐姐一样地优美)? as gracefully as her sister 2) The buildings look _(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多). far uglier in London than here （考点：用副词或词组来修饰比较级）,3) This is _(他画的最好的画之一). one of the best pictures that he has ever painted （考点：最高级） 4) The higher you climb, _(空气就越稀薄). the thinner the air becomes （考点：“越越”结构）,十四、倒装句  5 1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒). when a knock at the door awakened her （考点：Hardly/ Scarcely when结构） 2) No sooner had Anne arrived _(就生病了). than she fell ill （考点：No soonerthan结构）,3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).Nor did the wife say a word of welcome. （考点：nor表示“后者与前者一样地不”） 4) Only then _(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术). did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery （考点：only引导的状语位于句首，句子倒装） 5) Only when you adjust down your price _(我们才能做成这笔买卖). can we conclude the business,十五、强调句  51) _(正是Jefferson写下了) the Declaration of Independence. It was Jefferson who wrote （考点：强调主语） 2) _(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises all that is progressive. It is with genuine feeling that the author（考点：强调状语）,3) _(正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river. It was because the water had risen that（考点：强调状语从句）4) _(人们听见正是Jim 这个无情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night. It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard（考点：强调主语） 5) _(直到我告诉她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it It was not until I told her that （考点：强调状语从句）,