2019-2020年高三英语二轮 备考抓分点透析专题7 动词的时态和语态.doc

2019-2020年高三英语二轮 备考抓分点透析专题7 动词的时态和语态【xx年高考命题预测】毫无疑问，动词的时态和语态是是高中英语的重要语法点，更是历年高考的考查热点。同学们在复习这一语言点时应注意：1、考纲要求的动词的时态和语态的基本用法；2、易混时态用法比较；3、根据固定时间状语、固定句型确定时态的情况；4、主动形式表被动意义的情况；5、不用被动语态的情况。通过分析近年的全国高考试题可以预测xx年高考对动词的时态和语态的考查依然会注重在具体语境中考查动词的时态和语态的运用。【重难点突破】【概述】英语动词时态变化从时间上可划分为“现在时”，“过去时”，“将来时”和“过去将来时”四大类，每类又包括“一般式”、“进行式”、“完成式”和“完成进行式”四式，共十六种时态形式。其中常用的有十种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时等十种。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。几种基本事态的基本用法一般现在时：构成：主语+ 动词原形或第三人称单数形式 用法：1）、经常性或习惯性的动作，常与usually, always, sometimes, every day, frequently等一起使用。He always help others in his spare time. 2）、现在存在的状态或具有的特征China is a great socialist country.3）、客观规律、正确事实或科学真理、格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在（10上海）28. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had4）、表示安排或计划要做的动作（句中常有表示未来时间的状语），主要用于begin, e, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, open, close等瞬间动词。The plane takes off at seven oclock this morning.5）、在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将来的动作常用一般现在时I am afraid you must inform him of the meeting , in case he es late for the meeting一When shall we restart our business? 一Not until we our plan Awill finish Bare finishing Care to finish Dhave finished6）、在here, there引导的句子中，常用一般现在时代替现在进行时Here es the bus！=The bus is ing！ 一般过去时：构成：主语+ 动词的过去式用法：1）、表示过去某时间发生的事或存在的状态，常与yesterday, the other day, last, ago等时间状语连用。（xx湖南卷）27In 1942, Columbus_ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off IndiaAlands Blanded Chas landed Dhad landed2）、表示过去发生的一连串动作The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.教授把一根手指头伸进嘴里，尝了尝，满意地笑了。3）、在时间、条件等状语从句中用一般过去时表示将来的动作He said he would let us know if he got any news.4）、用于“It + 时间 + since 引导的状语从句（一般过去时）” 当since引导的状语从句中，谓语动词是非延续性动词的过去式时，意为：自以来时间了”；当since引导的状语从句中，谓语动词是延续性动词过去式时，意为：自不以来，已经时间了。（xx湖南卷）30It is the most instructive lecture that I _since I came to this schoolAattended Bhad attended Cam attending Dhave attended 一般将来时 构成：主语 + shall/will + 动词原形用法：1）、表示将来发生的行为或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, some day, next, from now on, in the future, in等时间状语连用。She will be back in a few minutes.2）、表示一种倾向。Crops will die without water.3）、祈使句或名词短语 + and/or +主语+will doFollow your teacher，and you will make progress.4）、wont 可表示“不能”，“没法”The door wont shut. Please have it repaired.5）、几种将来时态的表达方式：、be going to do sth. 表打算；（客观迹象）预示Look at the clouds,it is going to rain.、be to do sth.表示按计划安排要发生的事情或注定要发生的事.The line is to be opened to traffic next year.、be about to do sth. “即将或正要去做”，常不与具体的时间副词连用。He is about to cross the road when he sees an old friend of his.、be doing 指最近按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于go, start, set out, leave, arrive, e, return等动词We are going to Wuhan this summer.、一般现在时表将来，（常用于go, e, start, set out, arrive等动词），表示早已计划好，到时一定发生的事，也可表示按时间进程或时间表的安排，到时一定要发生的事 The train starts at five oclock.6）、将来时间表达法的用法比较：、will 和be going to：这两个结构都可表示“意图”，常可互换。如果是事先考虑过的，即说话之前已经考虑过的，常用be going to 表示；如果不是事先考虑过的，即说话时刻才考虑到的，要用will表示。另外，be going to还可表示具备已有迹象表明将发生某事，体现进程已经开始，事情即将发生。、be going to 和 be to ：两者都可用于表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，即人们意志所能控制的动作。对于不受人们意志控制的将来动作，也就是非人们主观所能安排的将来动作，只能用be going to 表示，不能用be to. 过去将来时：构成：主语+ would +动词原形用法：这个时态主要表示从过去某时看将来要发生的事情，它是一种相应的时态，总是同某一过去的时间或过去的动作相对应而存在，常用在宾语从句和间接引语中。（xx上海卷） 34Did you predict that many students _ up for the dance petition?Awould signBsignedChave signedDhad signed 现在进行时： 构成：主语+ am/is/are + 动词的现在分词用法：1）、说话时正在进行或发生的动作（xx湖南卷）22-Joan, what_in your hand?-Look! Its a birthday gift for my grandmaAhad you held Bare you holdingCdo you hold Dwill you hold（xx辽宁卷）28Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I _Awas doing Bam doing Chave done Dhad been doing（xx重庆卷）21That price of music sounds quite familiarWho _the piano upstairs?Ahas played Bplayed Cplays Dis playing2）、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时动作不一定正在进行）（xx江苏卷）21I hear you _ in a pubWhats it like?Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mindAare working Bwill work Cwere working Dwill be working3）、表说话人对主语的行为表赞叹、厌恶等情绪，常与always, constantly, forever, repeatedly 等词连用He is constantly leaving things about.4）、最近计划或安排要进行的动作，常用于go, e, leave, start, arrive, stay, meet, play等词。I am starting this project next tuseday. 过去进行时：构成：主语+was/were +动词的现在分词用法：1）、过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作或从过去某时刻到某时刻正在进行的动作。（xx浙江卷）15The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _ in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothlyAgave Bgives Cwas giving Dhad givenI walked slowly through the market, where people all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold2)、和现在进行时一样，过去进行时可与always, forever, constantly等词连用，表示说话人的情绪She was forever plaining.3)、过去进行时表示对于过去某时间来说将要发生的事情She asked me if you were going to Qingdao.、描写故事的背景It was winter. The north wind was blowing hard and a heavy snow was falling. A poor girl was walking in the street.冬天，北风刮着，下着大雪，一个可怜的小女孩走在大街上。 现在完成时：构成：主语+ have/has + 动词的过去分词用法：1）、过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，句中常有already, just, never, ever, lately, recently, , in the past+一段时间，so far等状语（xx天津卷）3In the last few years thousands of films _ allover the wordAhave produced Bhave been produced Care producing Dare being producedUp to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved2）、从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态（10天津）4. We on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest. A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked3）、用在时间、条件从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前完成一When shall we restart our business? 一Not until we our plan Awill finish Bare finishing Care to finish Dhave finished4）、“最高级+名词”或“It is the + 序数词+ time” 后的定语从句中。（xx湖南卷）30It is the most instructive lecture that I _since I came to this schoolAattended Bhad attended Cam attending Dhave attended5）、应用现在完成时应注意：瞬间动词用于完成时表示一个动作的结束，不能和 “for”或 “since”连用，但它们的否定形式可以连用。如：We have not heard from him for ten days.我们已经十天没他的消息了。另外，如果把瞬间动词转变成相应的持续动词，就可和 “for”或 “since”连用。die be dead leave/go be awayjoin be inbegin be onfall ill be ill finish be overmake friends be friends return be back borrow keep e be buy havemarry be married 现在完成进行时：构成：主语+ have/has + been +动词的现在分词用法：表示动作从过去一个时间开始，一直延续到现在，强调在此阶段时间里，动作一直在进行。、过去开始而且现在仍在进行的动作、过去开始，现在刚刚停止的动作、现在看到其直接结果的动作（xx北京卷）23Tom _ in the library every night over the last three monthsAworksBworkedChas been workingDhad been working（xx江西）30 Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _ since her marriage to Father. A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering(xx陕西）21. I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately. A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough. -Weve spent too much money recently. -well, it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives _around all the time A. are ing B. had e C. were ing D. have been ingIm tired out. . I all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping（xx天津）4. We on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest. A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked（10江苏）23. why, Jack, you look so tired! Well, I _the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting 过去完成时：构成：主语+ had + 动词的过去分词用法：1)、表示过去某时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作。（xx北京卷）21Experiments of this kind in both the USand Europe well before the Second World WarAhave conducted Bhave been conductedChad conducted Dhad been conducted（xx四川卷）19What a mistake!YesI his doing it another way, but without successAwas suggesting Bwill suggest Cwould suggest Dhad suggested（xx山东卷）35She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything!Ahad been eating Bhad eatenChave eaten Dhave been eating（xx福建卷）32Last month,the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they From ChinaAreceive Bare receiving Chave received Dhad received（xx安徽）28. -Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No, I _the book, so I already knew the story?A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have readIt took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing2）、表示从过去某时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，往往和for, since引导的短语或从句连用。（xx辽宁卷）34By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from collegeAgraduated Bhas graduatedChad been Dhad graduated3）、用于句型：It was the +序数词+ time that该句型表示到“was”时已是第几次做某事，即在“was”前已做过某事几次，因此该句在时间上体现“过去的过去”，所以应用过去完成时。4）、用于句型：It was + 时间段+ since该句型表示到自从做某事以来已有多长时间，即在这个（过去）时间段之前已做某事，因此该句型在时间上体现“过去的过去”， 应用过去完成时。They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I had enjoyed a good drink.5）、过去没有实现的想法、希望和打算，即“本打算”We had intended to see you, but we werent free.6）、用于句型：hardlyscarecelywhen(before), 及no soonerthan “一就”Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang. 将来完成时：构成：主语 + shall/will + have +动词的过去分词用法：表示未来某一时间之前将完成的动作。（xx江苏卷）23-Tommy is planning to buy a car-I know By next month ,he_enough for a used oneAsaves B . saved Cwill save Dwill have saved将来进行时：构成：主语 + will + be + 动词的现在分词用法：、表示在将来某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作、有时可表示预计即将发生或势必要发生的动作. Guess what, weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. -How nice! You a different culture then. A. will be experiencing B. have experiencedC. have been experiencingD. will have experienced几种易混时态的对比1、一般现在时与现在进行时：、一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性做的事，常拌随使用频度副词usually, often, seldom等；现在进行时主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态，常跟时间状语now, at present等。He usually writes a lot of letters, but he isnt writing at present.他经常写许多信，但他现在没有写信。、表示客观事实或普遍真理时，要用一般现在时，不能用现在进行时。The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。、“感觉” 或 “短暂”动词，通常用一般现在时，不用现在进行时。如：知觉动词：see, hear, taste, smell 等；意识状态的动词：know, believe, like, hate, understand等I smell burning. 我嗅到烧着的味。He knows German best. 他很熟悉德语。2、一般过去时与过去进行时：、一般过去时可表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时表示正在进行的动作。I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小说（可能没看完）。I read a novel last night. 我昨晚看了一本小说（已经看完了）。、一般过去时可用于一个单纯动作，过去进行时可用于过去一段时间反复做的动作。Did he ask questions? 他提问题了吗？He was asking questions the whole time. 他始终在提问题。、一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作（侧重在说明事实），过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作（强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景）He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午画了一张画（昨天下午他做了这么一件事）。He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午在画画（昨天下午他一直在画画，没干别的事）。、过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，一般过去时表示当时临时发生的短暂性动作When I was pouring the tea, I dropped a cup.我在倒茶的时候，失手打了一个茶杯。3、现在完成时与一般过去时：、两者都表示在过去做的动作。但现在完成时表示过去动作与现在的关系，主要说明现在的情况；一般过去时强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。Theyve gone to Paris.他们到巴黎去了（说明他们现在去巴黎了，不在这里）。They went to Paris.他们去过巴黎（只说明去过，不表明是否现在仍在那里）。I havent seen him since last week.我从上周就一直没见过他（现在仍未见到）。I didnt see him last week.我上周没看到他（只说明上周末见，不说明现在）。、现在完成时表示从过去发生到现在一段时间内的任何时间，可与today, this week, since等表示包括现在一段时间的状语连用，但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用；一般过去时表示的是过去某一特定时间，或与现在无关的某一过去时间。I havent seen the film yet.我还没看过这部影片（到目前为止）。I saw it the day before yesterday.我前天看的这部电影（表明看电影的时间是在前天）。4、过去完成时与一般过去时：、过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成的动作，在句中一般有另一过去时间或动作与它比较，它是一个相对的时态，表示的是过去的过去，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它；一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的一个动作。She had learned some English before she came to our school.她来我们学校以前学过一些英语（e to our school是过去发生的一个动作，learn English是e to our school以前的情况）。We had had breakfast when she came.她来时，我们已经吃过早饭了（e 是过去发生的一个动作，have breakfast是发生在e之前的事情）。、如果主句所表示的动作发生在时间状语从句所表示的动作之前，在状语从句中用一般过去时，在主句中就要用过去完成时。反之，如果时间状语从句所表示的动作发生在主句所表示的动作之前，则在从句中用过去完成时，主句就用一般过去时。When I had written the letter, I went at once to post it.我写好了信，马上就寄出去。、在以连词 after和before指明两个过去动作的时间先后关系时，after和before引导的状语从句中可用过去完成时，也可用一般过去时。如：Mary left the room after she had turned off (或turned off) the light.玛丽关灯以后离开了房间。Before he came to college, he served (或had served ) in the army.他来上大学以前曾在部队服役。5、现在完成时与过去完成时：现在完成时表示对“现在”来说，过去发生或完成的动作或存在过的状态对现在产生的影响或其结果依然存在。而过去完成时，则是对“过去”来说，以前发生过或完成了的动作或存在过的状态对其产生的影响或它的结果依然存在。We havent heard from him for quite a long time.我们很久没收到他的信了（到现在我们都没收到他的信）。They had known each other for about a year before they got married.他们结婚以前彼此相识约一年之久（相识一年是指他们在结婚以前，而不是指现在）。6、一般将来时与过去将来时：一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说，将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态；而过去将来时表示对“过去时刻”来说，将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。She is sixteen, who will be seventeen next year.她十六岁，明年将十七岁。She said that she would be seventeen the next year.她说她次年将十七岁。7、一般将来时与将来进行时的用法比较：、Will you do sth.? 可以表示邀请，或表达一个有礼貌的请求或表达一项命令，而将来进行时没有这些意义。如：Will you help me with the box?请你帮我搬一下这个箱子好吗 （表示一种请求）？Will you be waiting here?你会在这里等吗 （一个关于将来动作的问话）？、一般将来时表示一个带有主观意图的将来动作，将来进行时表达不带意图的将来动作Ill write to him and tell him about it.我要给他写封信，告诉他这件事 （表达个人意愿）。Well be needing more and more machine.我们将需要越来越多的机器（客观上将势必需要）。8、现在完成进行时与现在完成时：现在完成时表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止已经完成；现在完成进行时表示动作仍继续。Ive read The Red Sun.我已经看过红日了（已经完成）。I have been reading The Red Sun these days.这些天我一直在看红日（仍在继续）。、现在完成时强调过去动作的现在结果；现在完成进行时如表示刚结束的动作时则强调不久前持续的动作。I have written him a letter.我给他写了一封信（到现在为止已经写完了）。I have been writing a letter since three oclock.我从三点以来一直在写信（强调一直在写，不表明是否写完）。、现在完成进行时可以和一个时间短语连用，也可以没有时间短语。这样用时，它有别于现在完成时，现在完成时只有增加for, since或never等时间短语，才能表达这种持续的动作。I have been practicing the piano.我一直在练弹钢琴。I have lived here for five years. 我在这里住了五年了（不能说I have lived here.）。、现在完成进行时一般不适用于状态动词，要表示状态动词的“仍在继续”用法，只能用现在完成时。I have known him since children.我从小就认识他（不能用现在完成进行时）。主动形式表被动意义的情况(1)、某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式：That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。(2)、当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：The door wont shut. 这门关不上。The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与cant, wont 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：The window wont shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性窗户有问题了)The window wont be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关)有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强调重点稍有不同：Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者)The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者)(3)、当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。This cheese doesnt cut easily. Its too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)：The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义)The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好)另外，以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态：The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮着。Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何?(4)、某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动形式表示被动意义：When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始？ The play ended at ten oclock. 戏10点钟结束。(5)、有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义：Where is the new film showing? 这部新电影在哪里放映?My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被钉子钩住了。Soon the house filled with people. 很快房子就挤满了人。（6）、某些动词、短语和句型中：如：last, happen, take place, break out, belong to, need/want/require doing sth., be worth doing, be to blame等 Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的家乡已发生了巨大的变化。It is known that Taiwan belongs to China.众所周知，台湾属于中国。被动结构表示主动含义：如：get married 结婚，be addicted to sth.沉溺于，be seated 坐着，be lost in thought沉思着，be devoted to sth.投身于，专注于，be interested in sth.对某事物感兴趣，be surprised 感到吃惊。【高考真题剖析】（10上海）31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored答案：【D】 本题考查被动语态。Restore意思为修复，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中，答案选D. （10湖南）24. This coastal area a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. names答案：【A】考查动词时态和语态。根据主语“This coastal area”与name之间的被动关系排除B、D两项。根据句中的last year判断用一般过去时，故选A项。（xx天津卷）3In the last few years thousands of films allover the wordAhave produced Bhave been producedCare producing Dare being produced答案【B】考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语In the last few years应该选用现在完成时，又因为thousands of films与produce之间是被动关系，所以选择B.（xx湖南卷）27 In 1942 ，Columbus_ on the of the Bahama islands, but he mistook it for an island off IndiaAlands BlandedChas landed Dhad landed答案【B】考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语In 1942，所以选择B。（xx湖南卷）34 In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ by scientistsAare making Bare made Cwill make Dwill be made答案【D】考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语In the near future，主语more advances与动词make之间是动宾关系，所以选择D.（xx安徽卷）32I didnt ask for the name listWhy _on my desk?I put it there just now in case you needed itAdoes it land Bhas it landed Cwill it land Dhad it landed答案【B】考查动词时态和语态。根据句意，对现在造成了影响，所以选择B.【真题练习】（10上海）28. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had答案：B考点：本题考查时态。解析：根据时间状语every few years,可判断本句应为一般现在时，因此答案选B。31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored答案：D考点：本题考查被动语态。解析：Restore意思为修复，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中，答案选D. （10福建）28. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they before leaving their hometowns.A. promisedB. were promisedC. have promisedD. have been promised 28. 答案：D考点：现在完成时的被动语态31. Guess what, weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. -How nice! You a different culture then. A. will be experiencingB. have experiencedC. have been experiencingD. will have experienced31. 答案：A考点：考查将来进行时解析：-猜猜看，我们已经得到了今年夏天去香港的短期签证-太棒了，你到时候将会感受到不同的文化（10安徽）28. -Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No, I _the book, so I already knew the story?A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read答案：B. 考点：本题考查时态用法。解析：句意为“我看过书了，已知道这个故事”。在“knew”前已看过，故用过去完成时。34. -Weve spent too much money recently. -well, it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives _around all the time A. are ing B. had e C. were ing D. have been ing答案：D. 考点：本题考查时态用法。解析：句意为“近来我们花了太多钱了。-并不惊奇，近来朋友和亲戚总是来访。”用have been ing表示从过去到现在一直所发生的动作。（10湖南）24. This coastal area a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. names24. 答案：A考点：考查动词时态和语态。解析：根据主语“This coastal area”与name之间的被动关系排除B、D两项。根据句中的last year判断用一般过去时，故选A项。27. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you?A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do27. 答案：B考点：考查动词时态。解析：该空动作发生在was just going to cut之前，即表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时态。句意为：“我正要剪切我的蔷薇丛但（发现）有人已经将它剪切了。是你干的吗？”31. I walked slowly through the market, where people all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold31. 答案：B