2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习话题语篇专攻练12史地博览一外研版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习话题语篇专攻练12史地博览一外研版. 阅读理解ATristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1, 510 miles southwest of its nearest, St. Helena, and 1, 950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(上将)of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred. ing in a close secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most distant landis Easter Island(复活节岛), which lies 1, 260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2, 300 miles west of South America. The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1, 000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous. On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2, 000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day. 【文章大意】文章介绍了Tristan da Cunha群岛的地理情况、名字的由来和隶属情况。1. It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha_. A. was named after its discovererB. got its name from Holland settlersC. was named by the British governmentD. got its name from the Guinness Book of Records【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506. . . 可知, 这个岛屿是以岛屿发现者的名字来命名的, 故选A。2. Which of the following is most famous for moai? A. Tristan da Cunha. B. Pitcairn Island. C. Easter Island. D. St. Helena. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段以及第三段第二句They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1, 000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous. 可知复活节岛因摩艾最为出名, 故选C。3. Which country does Easter Island belong to? A. Britain. B. Holland. C. Portugal. D. Chile. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2, 000 people live on the Chilean territory可以推断, Easter Island属于Chile, 故选D。B(xx长沙模拟)Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons for example, economic reasonswhy they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed? In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area. It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative and do not like change. Although we have to respect peoples feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice. 【文章大意】是否可以在有历史遗迹的地方建设现代化的建筑? 文章对此问题进行了讨论。4. What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph? A. Some of them are not attractive. B. Most of them ate too expensive to preserve. C. They are more pleasing than modern buildings. D. They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Not all historical buildings are attractive. 可知, 作者认为并不是所有的古代建筑都是很吸引人的。故A正确。5. Which of the following is true according to the author? A. We should reproduce the same old buildings. B. Buildings should not dominate their surroundings. C. Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in. D. No one understands why people speak against new buildings. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段第一句It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. 可知, 一些新的建筑会破坏它们所在地区的风景, 同样一些旧建筑也是如此, 故选C。6. By“move things forward”in the last paragraph, the author probably means “_”. A. destroy old buildingsB. put things in a different placeC. choose new architectural stylesD. respect peoples feelings for historical buildings【解析】选C。词意猜测题。根据画线下一句If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. (如果我们总是重复建设以前的建筑风格, 那么我们可能仍生活在洞穴里)可知要开发出新的建筑风格, 不走老路, 故选C。7. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain why people dislike change. B. To warn that we could end up living in caves. C. To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings. D. To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? 可知, 本文是关于是否可以在历史遗迹的地方建设现代化的建筑的讨论, 故选D。. 完形填空In the morning, Slim got up and prepared breakfast for his wife as usual. Nicole, his wife, was listening to music in the bedroom. _1_, he felt that his body was shaking. Slim had the_2_response that there was an earthquake! He_3_quickly, “Dear, earthquake! Go to the toilet! ”Nicole heard the shouting, _4_the first aid box quickly and ran into the toilet. The house was_5_even more dramatically. Bathroom was the next door to the kitchen. Slim picked up a kitchen_6_and two pieces of bread outside the kitchen. Slim tried to run along the wall to help Nicole. _7_, it got_8_suddenly with an explosion. The house_9_down and many things fell from above. Nicole was quickly buried in_10_. She felt breathing very difficult. She tried to stand up, but_11_. A few minutes later, the land was_12_. Nicole heard the sound of short_13_and thought it was Slim! She shouted to him but no_14_! He probably fainted. Nicole kept saying his name and she finally heard a response. Two people encouraged and_15_each other. They knew that there must be a way to_16_. Slim found that they were close and were_17_by the fallen stones and some powder. He started to dig with the kitchen knife. He felt_18_from his fingers. Finally, he removed the last piece of larger stones. Slim touched Nicoles one hand, then dug the_19_stones of her body. Finally, Nicole had a_20_breathing slowly. Two people sat on the ground and hugged together. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了一对夫妻在早上突然遇到了地震及展开自救的故事。1. A. UnfortunatelyB. ActuallyC. SuddenlyD. Really【解析】选C。考查语境逻辑。他正在做早饭, 突然感觉身体在摇晃。故选C。2. A. rapidB. recentC. secondD. best【解析】选A。考查语境逻辑。Slim迅速(rapid)反应过来, 地震了。3. A. warnedB. shoutedC. jumpedD. howled【解析】选B。考查语境逻辑。Slim大声喊叫(shout)提醒妻子发生地震了, 赶快躲起来。故选B。4. A. used upB. found outC. took upD. put away【解析】选C。考查动词以及对语境的理解。妻子听见了丈夫的喊声, 拿起急救箱跑进了卫生间。use up用光; find out发现; take up拿起; put away把收拾起来。故选C。5. A. burningB. movingC. fallingD. shaking【解析】选D。考查动词以及对语境的理解。根据上文可知发生了地震, 所以房子在摇晃, 在抖动。burn燃烧; move移动; fall倾倒; shake摇晃。故选D。6. A. knifeB. cookC. forkD. tool【解析】选A。词汇复现题。根据第四段第二句中的the kitchen knife可知他拿了一把刀。故选A。7. A. ThereforeB. HoweverC. InsteadD. Besides【解析】选B。考查连词以及对语境的理解。他努力地沿着墙跑去帮助妻子。然而, 突然间发生了大爆炸。故选B。8. A. brightB. cloudyC. blankD. dark【解析】选D。考查形容词以及对语境的理解。突然发生了爆炸, 一切都变黑了。故选D。9. A. layB. brokeC. crashedD. bent【解析】选C。考查动词以及对语境的理解。房子倒塌了, 很多东西从上面掉了下来, lie躺下; break损坏; crash倒塌; bend弯曲。10. A. dirtB. ashesC. piecesD. ruins【解析】选D。考查名词以及对语境的理解。Nicole很快被埋在废墟(ruins)里。故选D。11. A. senselessB. impossibleC. impracticalD. invaluable【解析】选B。考查形容词以及对语境的理解。她试图站起来, 但是不可能(impossible)。选B。12. A. normalB. silentC. flatD. usual【解析】选B。考查形容词以及对语境的理解。一切过了以后都安静(silent)了下来。故选B。13. A. stepsB. pausesC. movementsD. breath【解析】选D。考查名词及对语境的理解。Nicole听见了短促的呼吸(breath)声并认为是丈夫的声音。故选D。14. A. signB. hopeC. responseD. result【解析】选C。考查名词以及对语境的理解。她朝他大喊, 但是没有回应。故选C。15. A. calmedB. heldC. touchedD. called【解析】选A。考查动词以及对语境的理解。夫妻二人相互鼓励, 使对方镇定了下来。calm使平静; hold举起; touch接触; call呼叫。故选A。16. A. relaxB. municateC. escapeD. succeed【解析】选C。考查动词以及对语境的理解。他们知道一定有逃脱的方法。relax放轻松; municate交流; escape逃跑; succeed成功。故选C。17. A. wrappedB. limitedC. fastenedD. separated【解析】选D。考查对语境的理解。他们靠得很近, 但是却被掉下的石头和粉末分开了。wrap包裹; limit限制; fasten加速; separate分开。故选D。18. A. painB. coldC. waterD. warmth【解析】选A。考查名词以及对语境的理解。他用菜刀挖, 能够感觉到手指的疼痛。故选A。19. A. spreadingB. bundlingC. stickingD. surrounding【解析】选D。丈夫把妻子周围的石头清理掉。spread传播; bundle匆匆送走; stick粘住; surrounding周围的。故选D。20. A. pleteB. steadyC. constantD. weak【解析】选B。慢慢地妻子有了稳定地呼吸。plete完全的; steady稳固的; constant持续的; weak虚弱的。故选B。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(xx长沙模拟)Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels. This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water1. _(use)on coastal farms. As a result, farmers are2. _(gradual)unable to use fields close to the sea. However, Marc Van Rijsselberg, a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a 3. _(mix)of sea and fresh water 4. _(grow)healthy and tasty vegetables. He teamed up with scientists from the Free University and divided a farm5. _eight negated areas. Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water, and a puter program created water with eight levels of salinity(含盐度). The water levels and the levels of salinity6. _(control)by puterized measuring devices called “sensors”. Marc Van Rijsselberg said he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight testing areas. He said the vegetables were smaller than 7. _grown in fresh water. But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much 8. _(good). He found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the bination of sea and fresh water. Marc Van Rijsselberg said four 9. _(kind)of these potatoes would be sent to Pakistan10. _thousands of hectares of land was damaged by salinization last year. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了气候变化导致海平面上升, 给沿海农业带来了影响。但Marc Van Rijsselberg, 荷兰的一个农民, 却用海水和淡水按比例浇灌的方法, 种出了健康美味的蔬菜。1. 【解析】used。考查非谓语动词。use与主语是被动关系, 应该用过去分词的形式。2. 【解析】gradually。考查副词。修饰动词, 应该是副词形式。3. 【解析】mixture。考查名词。此处指海水和淡水的混合物。4. 【解析】to grow。考查动词。to do表示目的。5. 【解析】into。考查介词。divide into把分成。6. 【解析】were controlled。考查被动语态。此处指被控制在一定的比例。7. 【解析】those。考查代词。句意: 他说这些蔬菜比在淡水中生长的那些长得小。8. 【解析】better。考查比较级。因为前面有much, 此处表示更好。9. 【解析】kinds。考查单复数。前面有four, 故用kind的复数形式。10. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。先行词为Pakistan, 是地点, 应该用where。squaren. 平方inhabitedadj. 有人居住的stone figure石像settlern. 移民historicaladj. 历史的dominatev. 支配architecturaladj. 建筑的surroundingadj. 周围的