2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习第一部分教材课文要点Module1LifeintheFuture夯基提能作业外研版必修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习第一部分教材课文要点Module1LifeintheFuture夯基提能作业外研版必修.阅读理解阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。Hollywoods theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may bee extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of puter scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.A.run out of human controlB.satisfy humans real desiresCmand armies of killer robotsD.work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to.A.prevent themselves from being destroyedB.achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD.beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.A.help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC.keep machines from being harmedD.avoid robots affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A.It will disappear with the development of AI.B.It will get worse with human interference.C.It will be solved but with difficulty.D.It will stay for a decade.七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(xx陕西南郑中学模拟)Life can be so difficult these days. It is the time that you all should admit needing help in organizing your lives. Here are some tips that will help you.Write everything down and do not rely on your memory. 1If you want to remember things,put them in writing, or in a digital notebook.Keeping your to-do lists and other information written somewhere allows you to look back at them anytime, ever when you have hit your head and forgotten your own name.2Try this experiment before buying one thing; throw out something old or something you do not use. Or,if you are a really pack rat, just throw out one old thing a day until you cannot find any more items to throw.Recycle and donate. Is your closet full of unopened bags and clothes that still have their tags on? Is your bookshelf full of unread books? Chances are that if you have not read, worn, or used whatever they are, then you are probably not going to use them at all.3Create daily, weekly and monthly timetables for cleaning. Organize your cleaning timetable.4Distribute tasks evenly, so for example, dish washing could be done daily; vacuuming could be done weekly and cleaning the windows could be done monthly.Whichever of these tasks you decide to do, remember that you cannot pletely organize your life in one go.5Just decide to get organized now, and then take baby steps. Soon enough, you will be making a habit out of all.A.Practice putting things away immediately.B.Throw one thing before buying something.C.It is a long and never-ending process, so be patient.D.Give them to a charity or sell on the Internet.E.It is extremely exhausting to clean everything all at once.F.To keep up with tasks, you need to work with your family.G.We all agree most of us have a tough time remembering things.1.2.3.4.5.完形填空阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(xx山东枣庄现代学校4月质检)When our second child was born, the doctor pointed out that her feet were turned inward(向内). “Left uncorrected, it would be a 1,” he told us.We 2to do anything we could to help our baby. 3she was growing, I have to take her back to the doctor every two weeks to have each foot recast(重塑). 4the casting was finished and it was time for corrective 5. Jim and I watched with hope and concern as she 6to walk. Those first, awkward steps made us so 7. By the time she entered preschool, her steps appeared quite 8. Encouraged by her progress, we looked for something else to help strengthen her 9body.As it turned out, she loved the 10! When she turned six, we helped her join in skating lessons and soon she was skating 11a swan. She kept working hard at every new 12, and her efforts 13. At fifteen, she peted in both pairs skating and the ladies singles at the 1988 World Junior Championships in Australia, winning both 14!I thought back to the early years of 15for Kristithe years of fear for us as her parents, and the same years of frustration for her as a child who 16wanted to walk. During those years, we didnt expect gold medals or a good professional career 17her. We admired Kristi herself, 18her strength and efforts, and how far she had e on two tiny feet that had 19been bound (束缚) in heavy casts. In our eyes, Kristi had always walked with the 20of a true champion. 1.A.problem B.surprise C.gift D.success2.A.forgot B.promised C.stopped D.refused3.A.So B.If C.Because D.But4.A.Suddenly B.Immediately C.Especially D.Finally5.A.shoes B.books C.bags D.hats6.A.failed B.struggled C.pretended D.disliked7.A.lucky B.upset C.proud D.helpless8.A.hard B.special C.interested D.normal9.A.weak B.strong C.new D.big10.A.water B.ice C.fire D.air11.A.for B.with C.like D.on12.A.project B.side C.text D.movement13.A.got off B.paid off C.put off D.showed off14.A.events B.accidents C.debts D.stories15.A.opinions B.rewards C.challenges D.hope16.A.seldom B.almost C.easily D.merely17.A.in need of B.in spite of C.ahead of D.instead of18.A.doubting B.respecting C.limiting D.controlling19.A.once B.still C.never D.seldom20.A.interest B.shadow C.task D.beauty答案精解精析.阅读理解语篇解读本文为议论文。人工智能如果有了某种特定的目标,它便会不择手段地去生存并去实现自己的目标。如果放任不管,人类也许会失去对人工智能的控制。解决这个问题虽然是有可能的,但并非易事。1.A主旨要义题。根据第一段的第一句和第二句可知,人工智能有可能会超出人类的控制,Norbert Wiener创立的控制论也说明了这一点。2.A推理判断题。由第二段中的“a wish to preserve its own existence”以及“it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead”可以看出,有特定目标的机器会保护自身免受破坏,故选A。3.D事实细节题。根据第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines., using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.”可以得知,一些研究者认为利用防火墙可防止机器影响到现实世界。4.C观点态度题。由最后一段的首句“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.”可知,很好地解决安全问题并取得进展是有可能的,但是绝非易事,C项符合文章内容。.七选五语篇解读本文是一篇议论文,主要论述了如何有效地组织自己的生活。1.G推断句。根据上文Write everything down and do not rely on your memory.可知G项正确。2.B主旨句。根据下文Try this experiment before buying one thing; throw out something old or something you do not use.可知在买东西前应该扔掉一个东西。3.D推断句。根据上文Chances are that if you have not read, worn, or used whatever they are,then you are probably not going to use them at all.可知由于你很可能不用它们,因此应该捐给慈善机构或在网上卖出去。4.E主旨句。根据下文Distribute tasks evenly, so for example,dish washing could be done daily可知要平均分配任务,因此可推断一次清洗所有的东西令人极其疲惫。5.C推断句。根据上文Whichever of these tasks you decide to do, remember that you cannot pletely organize your life in one go.可知组织你的生活是个长期的过程,因此需要有耐心。.完形填空语篇解读作者的第二个孩子天生有问题,小时候经过多次的矫正手术终于恢复了正常走路,更出乎作者意料的是她竟然获得了轮滑的冠军。1.A结合句意,孩子的脚有问题,如果不矫正的话,这将会成为一个问题(problem)。2.B我们许诺(promise)会竭尽所能去帮助我们的孩子。promise to do sth. 为固定搭配,意为“承诺做某事”。3.C因为(because)她在成长,所以“我”不得不每两周带她去看医生,重塑一下脚。前半句为后半句“我”每两周带她去看一次医生的原因,故 because 符合文意。4.D终于(finally)脚部重塑完成了。suddenly 意为“突然”,immediately 意为“立刻”,especially 意为“特别”,均不符合文意。finally终于,故正确答案为D。5.A脚部重塑完成后,是穿矫正鞋子(shoe)的时候了。上文提到孩子的脚有问题,与脚有关的是鞋子,故A项符合文意。6.B当她开始努力(struggle)走路的时候,“我”和Jim看着她,充满了期待和担忧。struggle to do sth. 为固定搭配,意为“努力做某事”,婴儿刚开始走路的时候,步伐不稳,故 struggle 符合文意 。7.C那些第一次、笨拙的步伐使我们感到骄傲(proud)。父母看到自己的孩子学会走路,都会感到骄傲,故 proud 符合文意。8.D等到上幼儿园的时候,她的步伐已经看起来相当正常(normal)了。normal正常的。9.A“我们”寻找其他方法帮助她增强虚弱(weak)的身体。由上文孩子的脚有问题可推知其身体较弱,故weak 符合文意。10.B事实证明她喜欢冰(ice)。由下文作者帮助孩子加入滑冰课可推知,孩子喜欢滑冰。ice 符合文意。11.C很快她就可以像(like)天鹅一样自由地轮滑。12.D她在每一次新的运动(movement)中保持努力练习。与轮滑相关的是移动、运转,故 movement 符合文意。13.B她的努力得到了回报(pay off)。pay off 为固定搭配,意为“成功;奏效”。get off 意为“下车”,put off 意为“推迟”,show off 意为“炫耀”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。14.A她赢了两个赛事(event)。15.C我们回想早些年Kristi 所遇到的挑战(challenge)。上文提到 Kristi 出生时左脚便不正常,最后成为轮滑的冠军,这期间遇到很多挑战,故 challenges 符合文意。16.D此处指作为一个仅仅(merely)想正常走路的孩子。从上文可知 Kristi的脚有问题,所以能正常走路就心满意足了。17.C那些年我们没有期待过她面前(ahead of)是金牌和一份好的职业生涯。ahead of 为固定搭配,意为“在前”。in need of 意为“需要”,in spite of 意为“尽管”,instead of 意为“代替”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。18.B我们佩服(respect)她的坚强和努力。19.A曾经(once)被束缚在沉重的脚部重塑架上的两只小脚。从上文可知 Kristi 小时候左脚曾有问题,但是后来经过训练可以正常走路,故 once 符合文意。20.D在我们眼中,Kristi 一直是以一个真正冠军的风采(beauty)走在人生之路上的。