2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案（8）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案（8）阅读理解由于题材非常广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等特点，往往是考试中的难题。那么，如何做好阅读理解呢如何在平时的训练中做到心里有数，稳扎稳打的作练习；有目的、有方向的训练自己的不足之处。阅读的提高是一个中长期的训练过程，如何在第一步就领先一步呢？如何做好自己的计划和安排呢？是否真的有一些实用的技巧和方法呢？让我们来看看，到底要怎样做！第一、是要排除心理障碍，不要因为自身词汇量小，阅读文章中有较多的“拦路虎”，而对之望而生畏，造成紧张心理，导致越读越慌，越慌越难的窘境，从而影响正常的答题。对于阅读文章中的生词问题，我在后面会详细谈一下。第二、忌不带问题阅读。要先看题干，弄清题目要求，带着问题有目的地进行阅读，这样就能把握方向，同时也可边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，提高阅读效率及答题的正确性。第三、是要切忌一个词一个词割裂地理解，或将无关的词硬凑在一起理解，以致无法获取句子语义及特定语境中篇章的意义，造成信息流中断，曲解或偏离题意。第四、是要善于抓关键句和主题句。文章的第一句或最后一句往往是文章或段落的关键句或主题句，对文章的理解起着重要的作用；同时要学会正确猜测词义，有机地联系上下文，读了上文，猜测下文，不要逐词翻译，造成前后脱节，缺乏语感，以致于理解错误。第五，充分利用语篇中的文字或图表形式等基本信息，准确地捕捉关键事实和细节，进而归纳出主旨大意，领会全文的逻辑关系，弄清作者的写作意图等，进行推理判断，挖掘字里行间的深层内涵。第六，完成选择时，看其是否与文中内容相矛盾，有无文中信息支持点，再有就是看它是否完全符合题目的要求；如果让你判断其标题的话，要看文章表达的是人还是事，从而推断其标题内容。所有的选项必须以文章为基础，不要随意发挥想像或联想。第七，忌忽略时间。做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后，再回头来处理。因为做完题后，你的心情相对放松了往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。即使做完题后时间所剩无几了，你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚，因为你仍然有选对的可能性。第八，良好的阅读习惯。这个要靠平时的培养。克服阅读时不必要的附带动作，如头部转动、用手指或铅笔逐个点词等等；避免朗读，人看的速度要比读快2倍，朗读必然影响阅读速度；不要逐词逐词地看，这样既影响速度又影响理解。正确的方法是头部不动，用眼睛去扫描，这样既能提高速度又能整句理解。阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A We can offer you a place at one of the best universities in Britain. Well provide you with a choice of 150 first class courses developed especially to enable you to study in your own time, backed by the Open Universitys own special study method-OU supported open learning. Well give you the support of a personal teacher, and the chance to meet your fellow students. You can take one-off courses, diplomas (毕业证), a degree or a postgraduate degree(文凭). Subjects available include: puting, business management, technology, modern languages, social sciences, English law, arts, science, mathematics, education and healthsocial welfare. Whether you want to study to improve your jobs or for your own personal interest, theres almost certainly a course for you. If you havent studied for a while, well help you get started. No previous training or degrees are required, you just need a lively power of learning and a willingness to learn. Its real value for money and you can pay by monthly payments. Open University course materials are of the highest quality and e in a variety of forms, including video and audio tapes as well as texts. The OU leads the world in its use of new technology for learning. A number of courses provide source material on CD Rom. What else can the Open University offer you? The best way to find out is to use the coupon below or phone us today. 56. This is an advertisement of _. A. inquiring (调查) English learning B. setting Open University C. selling books D. attracting students 57. As a student of the Open University, you dont need to _. A. buy any course materials B. have lessons all the time at the university C. choose which course to learn D. pay any money for your study 58. The Open University can supply you with _. A. a course for training you English B. a classroom and a library for study C. different kinds of free instructions D. different jobs to choose from 59. We can learn from the text that _. A. OU courses are popular in Britain B. money for learning must be paid off at one time C. we cant telephone the university during the night D. people cant be employed without finishing OU courses B ZHUHAI-China will soon put a person into space and bee the third nation in the world to have manned spaceflight, a top Chinese aerospace (航空航天) official said on November 5. A manned launch(发射) was not far off, Vice President Hu Hongfu China Aerospace Science Technology Corp (CASTC) told a news conference at the third Zhuhai Air Show . It will not be long before Chinese astronauts can ride locally-made spaceships into space, Hu said. The official gave no timetable but said it would happen at beginning of the 21st century. The former Soviet Union and the United States have been putting people into orbit since the early 1960s, but other nations have not considered the challenge worth following. China has already built and sent up its own satellites for munications and weather forecasting. The new munication satellites would help to encourage the countrys broadcasting industry, Hu said. But the pany, which includes over 130 aerospace agencies, said the lifting ability and success rate of Chinas space-launches were almost equal in quality to those of other countries. China would gradually close the distance between its countrys space industry and that of other nations. He added that they were willing to send up mercial satellites for Taiwan. On Chinas plan to send up manned spaceflights, Hu said China had made important development after the successful launch in November last year of the countrys first experimental spaceship, Shenzhou. The whole project is in the research stage and a lot of work needs to be done, Hu said. We need to have more tests of the unmanned spaceship. China last year announced a four-step manned spaceflight plan with the aim of setting up a space-station served by a spaceship travelling between two places. 60.The underlined word they here probably refers to _. A. the Soviet Union and the USA B. over 130 aerospace agencies C. Russia and China D. Russia and the USA 61. The main idea of the 7th paragraph is _. A. we havent tested the manned spaceship B. before we send a manned spaceship, we should carry out many tests C. though we tried once, we need to do more tests of the unmanned spaceship D. sending up a manned spaceship can show a countrys scientific level 62. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word close? A. shut B. drop C. shorten D. widen 63.The writer wrote the passage to _. A. tell us the present situation of Chinas aerospace technology B. remind us what we should do pared to other countries C. find out the reason why China falls behind D. tell us that china will send up its manned spaceship soon c Festival activities programme TIME AND PLACE October 2430 Oct.2430:9:00 a.m.4:00p.m Oct.2529:12:00 p.m9:00 p.m. at Kerry Centre Hotel Classroom area 1) English Taster Lesson 2) Food health-keeping method presentation puter area 3) E-Photography and TechnoMusic 4) Education Software Demonstration Internet Training area SINA and Capital On- Line will provide Internet training for the public. The focus(焦点) will be on browsing the Internet; how to find useful information on the web and how to design an elementary Web page. Foyer activity area 5) The students from Beijing TV University for the Aged will provide a calligraphy (hard writing demonstration) 6) Children activities Lectures 21st Century, the educational weekly of China Daily, will invite experts from English- speaking countries to hold lectures from 18:30 to 20:30 on October 27 to 29 and in the daytime on October 30. 64. A 70 -year- old teacher wants to see how to use writing brush well. he should go to _. A. Classroom area B. puter area C. Internet Training area D. Foyer Activity area 65. A person who is interested in internet can go to _. A. puter area at 9 .m. Oct. 30 B. Internet Training area at 11 a. m. Oct. 24 C. Classroom area at 8:00 p. M. Oct. 26 D. Lectures at 9:00 p. m. Oct. 29 66. The students of English Department have a chance to learn English at _. A. 9:009:45 a .m. Oct. 27 B. 15:0015:45 Oct. 30 C. 17:1518:00 Oct. 28 D. 12:0012:45 Oct. 25 67. The word browsing in the passage probably means _. A. seeing everywhere B. going here and there C. staring everywhere D. reading here and there in book, etc D Advertising gives useful information about which products to buy. But modern advertising does more than gives news about products and services. Todays advertisements, or ads, try to get consumers(消费者) to buy certain brands(品牌) .Writers of advertising are so skillful that they can sometimes persuade a consumer to wear a certain kind of clothing, eat a special kind of cereal(麦片), or see a movie . Consumers might never even want a product if they did not see or hear advertisements for it. For example, you probably do not need the newest cereal in the supermarket. There are probably many cereal brands on your kitchen shelves. You nay not have space on your shelf for another. But if you see ads about a new cereal that is your extra -tasty and has a free prize in the box, you may want it. Advertising must get attention. To be effective, it must be exciting, entertaining, or provide some pleasure. The secret of writing good advertising copy is to offer a good idea as well as a product. The idea is what the ad is really selling. One example is an ad that says eating a certain cereal will make a person do well in sports. That cereal brand may sell better if consumers think it offers strength and energy. 68. What is discussed in this passage? A. The content of modern advertising. B. The skills of modern advertising. C. The results of modern advertising. D. The writing of modern advertising. 69. According to the passage, a good advertisement should _. A. be both persuasive and effective B. give people useful information C. show people a product D. show people a new idea of a product 70. From the passage, we can infer that _ A. modern advertising has less effect on customers B. once customers see ads about a new cereal, they are sure to buy it C. cereal can make people strong D. cereal is a kind of food which is popular among people 71. What can we infer from the passage? A. Customers can easily be persuaded by advertisements. B. Customers should be persuaded by advertisements. C. Its impossible for customers to buy a product without advertisements. D. Customers buy products according to their demands rather than the advertisements. E Taxes, Taxes and More Taxes Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life; death and taxes. Americans do not have a corner on the death market, but many people feel that the United States leads the world with the worst taxes. Taxes consist of the money which people pay to support their government. There are generally three levels of government in the United States: federal (联邦), state, and city; therefore, there are three types of taxes. Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government. The percentage varies (变化不同) form person to person. It depends on their salaries. The federal government has a graduated ine tax, that is, the percentage of the tax (14 to 70 percent) increases as a persons ine increases. With the high cost of taxes people are not very happy on April 15, when the federal taxes are due. The second tax is for the state government: New York, California, North Dakota, or any of the other forty-seven states. Some states have an ine tax similar to that of the federal government. Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower. Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item(项目) which you buy in that state. For example, a person might want to buy a packet of cigarettes for twenty -five cents. If there is a sales tax of eight percent in that state, then the cost of the cigarettes is twenty -seven cents. This figure includes the sales tax. Some states use ine tax in addition to sales tax to raise their revenues (收入) . The state tax laws are diverse (多样) and confusing (混淆). The third tax is for the city. This tax es in two forms: property tax (people who own a home have to pay taxes on it) and excise (国产) tax, which is charged on cars in a city. The cities use these funds (资金) for education, police and fire departments, public works and municipal (市政内) buildings. Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes. People always plain about taxes. They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way. They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs. Although Americans have different views on many issues (问题) , they tend to agree on one subject: taxes are too high. 72. How do you understand the sentence Americans do not have a corner on the death market? A. It means that Americans, just like all other people, must die. B. It means that Americans do not have a secret place to keep from death in their life. C. It means that Americans are not good at doing business in the death market. D. It means that there is no such place as a death market in the U. S . 73. Why should the American people usually pay three types of taxes? A. There are three levels of government -federal, state and city -to support the United States. B. There are three kinds of taxes to pay, They are graduated ine tax, sales tax and property tax. C. They earn different salaries: high, middle, and low D. Tax laws in different states are different. 74. What does the title Taxes, Taxes, and More Taxes imply? A. Americans are not satisfied with the three types of taxes. B. The three levels of government do not use the taxes in a right way. C. Americans plain that taxes are too high. D. Americans taxes are diverse and confusing. 56.D 57.B 58.C 59.A 60.B 61.C 62.C 63.D 64.D 65.B 66.B 67.D 68.B 69.A 70.D 71.A 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.C