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第9讲 定语从句,考点1 关系代词引导的定语从句 【典例】1. (2015江苏高考)The number of smokers, _is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A. it B. which C. what D. as 【解析】选D。句意: 据报道, 吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年内下降了17%。as引导定语从句表示“正如”。which引导非限制性定语从句时不放在句中。,【易错误区】which还是as (1)误导原因: 在定语从句中, 当关系代词指代整个主句时, 常用which引导定语从句。 (2)去伪存真: 引导非限制性定语从句, 关系代词指代整个主句表示“正如”时, 要用as而不用which引导。,2. (2015福建高考)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 【解析】选D。句意: 今日中国吸引了全世界的读者, 这表明世界各地越来越多的人想了解中国。根据句子结构可知空格后的句子是对空格前的句子的解释说明, 故是非限制性定语从句。which指代前面的整个句子。,3. (2015四川高考)The books on the desk, _covers are shiny, are prizes for us. A. which B. what C. whose D. that 【解析】选C。句意: 桌子上封面闪闪发亮的那些书是我们的奖品。先行词为books, 在从句中作名词covers的定语, 故用whose。,【易错误区】which还是whose (1)误导原因: 在非限制性定语从句中, 常用which指代事或物。 (2)去伪存真: 作名词的定语时, 要用whose而不是which。,4. (2014重庆高考)Well reach the sales targets in a month_we set at the beginning of the year. A. which B. where C. when D. what 【解析】选A。句意: 我们一个月内就可以达到年初设定的销售目标了。根据句子结构和句意可知, 用定语从句, 先行词为the sales targets, 在从句中作动词set的宾语, 引导词可用that/which或省略。,5. (2014陕西高考)Please send us all the information_you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D. what 【解析】选A。句意: 请把你掌握的有关这个岗位人选的所有信息发给我们。分析句子成分可知, 从句中缺“have”的宾语, 故用关系代词, information被不定代词all修饰, 故用that, 而不用which。,6. (2014四川高考)Until now, we have raised 50, 000 pounds for the poor children, _is quite unexpected. A. that B. which C. who D. it 【解析】选B。句意: 到现在为止, 我们已经为贫困儿童筹集了5万英镑, 这是完全没想到的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句, 从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面整个句子的内容, 并在从句中作主语。,7. (2014北京高考)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _my classmates recommended to me. A. who B. which C. when D. where 【解析】选B。句意: 上周我从图书馆借了福尔摩斯探案集, 这本书是我同学推荐给我的。分析句子可知这是一个非限制性定语从句, 从句中缺少宾语, 排除C、D; 先行词是一本书, 排除A。,8. (2014山东高考)A company_profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A. which B. whose C. who D. why 【解析】选B。句意: 来自国内市场的利润在下降的公司可以寻求国外机会。定语从句中缺少引导词且修饰名词profits, 关系代词whose修饰从句中的名词profits且引导定语从句修饰先行词a company, 故选B。,【解题技巧】 1. 正确选用关系代词: (1)只用that引导的定语从句: 先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, something, little, much, none, few, the one等不定代词时; 先行词被all, any, few, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰时; 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时; 先行词被the only, the very(正是、恰是), the last修饰时; 先行词含有人和物两者时; 先行词在主句中作表语, 关系词在从句中作表语时。,(2)只用which引导的定语从句: 引导非限制性定语从句时; 关系代词充当介词的宾语, 且介词位于关系代词之前时; 先行词本身是that时; 引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句, 代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。,(3)who(m), whose的用法: 关系词who与that指人时, 不同情况常用不同的关系词。 a. 当主句是there be句型时, 关系词常用who。 b. 先行词为anyone, those, someone, everyone, one等词时, 关系词常用who。 c. 当主句是who作疑问词时, 关系词常用that。 d. whom在从句中只作宾语, 而who可以作主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可以省略)或表语。 e. 当关系代词前面有介词时, 只能用whom。,whose作关系词既可指人又可指物, 在从句中作定语。常有以下形式的转换: whose+n. =the+n. +of+whom/which。 (4)多用as引导的定语从句: 非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者主句中间皆可; 非限制性定语从句的谓语为be announced, be expected, be known, be mentioned, be reported, be said等被动式谓语; 表示整个主句内容, 有时含有“按照; 正如; 根据”等意思; 在下列固定结构中, 关系代词代表整个主句所述的内容, 如as we all know, as we all can see, as is often the case, as often happens等; 当先行词被such, the same, so +adj. +a/an, such+a/an +adj. , as many/much修饰时。,2. 特别注意: 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。 Tom is one of the volunteers who have come up with the solution. Tom is the only one of the volunteers who has come up with the solution.,考点2 关系副词引导的定语从句 【典例】1. (2015陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time_he should be able to be independent. A. which B. where C. whom D. when 【解析】选D。句意: 作为家里最小的孩子, 亚历克斯总是盼着自己能独立的时刻。分析句子可知此处考查定语从句, 从句中不缺主语和宾语, 由此判断用关系副词, 而先行词the time表示的是时间, 故用关系副词when。,2. (2015天津高考)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere_his employees enjoy their work. A. where B. which C. when D. who 【解析】选A。句意: 公司的老板正在努力创造一种轻松的氛围, 在这种氛围下他的员工乐于工作。分析从句可知, 从句不缺主语和宾语, 故应选择关系副词, 先行词是atmosphere, 表示的不是时间, 而是一种抽象地点, 故选A。,【易错误区】which还是where (1)误导原因: 在定语从句中, 当先行词是物时, which与where易混淆。 (2)去伪存真: 定语从句正确做题方法应该是: 先看从句中缺不缺主语、宾语, 决定是关系代词还是关系副词; 然后再看先行词是人还是物, 再进行判断。,3. (2014浙江高考)I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. A. when B. where C. which D. why 【解析】选A。句意: 直到五年级的时候我才成为一个登山爱好者, 当时我去树上拿卡在树枝里的风筝。when引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词the fifth grade, when在从句中作时间状语。,4. (2013浙江高考)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. A. what B. where C. when D. why 【解析】选B。句意: 博物馆将于春天开放, 届时将有一个展览, 还将有一个看台, 在看台上游客可以看到正在建设中的大玻璃房子。该空引导定语从句, 先行词为platform, 该空在从句中作地点状语, 只能用where。,【解题技巧】 1. 掌握关系副词的基本用法:,2. 小心“地点模糊化”名词: 所谓的地点模糊化就是某些抽象名词作为先行词, 且其后的定语从句又缺少状语时, 应用where引导, 这类词常见的有business, case, circumstance, condition, point, position, situation, state, activity, work, family, phase等。 Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her.,考点3 介词+whom/which/whose引导的定语从句 【典例】1. (2015浙江高考)Creating an atmosphere_employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which 【解析】选C。句意: 创造一种氛围, 使得员工感到是团队的一部分, 这是一个很大的挑战。定语从句的先行词是atmosphere, 分析从句结构可知atmosphere在从句中作地点状语, 可排除A、B两项。在这种氛围中应该用in the atmosphere, 故选C。,【易错误区】in which还是at which (1)误导原因: at和in都可以表示“在某个地方”, 并且在定语从句中都可以和which搭配。 (2)去伪存真: 此处先行词是atmosphere, 表示在这种氛围中应该用in而不是at, 即in the atmosphere。,2. (2015安徽高考)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon_school education depends. A. it B. that C. whose D. which 【解析】选D。句意: 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育应该依靠的基本技能。depend upon=depend on依靠, 依赖。结合句意及句子结构, 可知upon及其后的句子成分在句中作the fundamental skill的定语, 是定语从句。从句中缺少宾语, 故用关系代词which。,3. (2015重庆高考)He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s. A. whom B. which C. them D. that 【解析】选B。句意: 他写了很多儿童书籍, 差不多一半发表于20世纪90年代。先行词为many childrens books, 在从句中作介词of的宾语, 故要用which。,【易错误区】that还是which (1)误导原因: 在定语从句中, 当关系代词指事、物时, 常用that来引导。 (2)去伪存真: 指代事、物作介词的宾语时, 只能用which, 不可用that。,4. (2014天津高考)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _uses it differently. A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them 【解析】选B。句意: 英语是一种多元文化共享的语言, 每一种文化都以不同的方式使用它。分析句子成分可知此处考查定语从句。根据uses可知是单数, 排除A和C; 若选D, 需加连词and, 故选B。,5. (2013浙江高考)The children, _had played the whole day long, were worn out. A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意: 孩子们都累了, 他们都玩了一整天。该定语从句的先行词为children, 定语从句的引导词在从句中作介词of的宾语, 只能用whom。故选D。,【解题技巧】 1. whom, which和whose与介词连用的用法。 关系代词指人时常用whom, 指物时常用which。whose也可以放在介词后, 即构成“介词+whose+名词”结构, whose指人、物皆可。,2. “介词+关系代词which/whom”中介词的选择可根据下列原则: 一先, 二动, 三意义。 一先: 即根据先行词来确定介词。例如: The pencil _he used to write is broken. 分析: 先行词pencil, 再结合用什么工具可知用介词with。 二动: 即根据定语从句的谓语动词来确定介词。例如: In the dark street there wasnt a single person _she could turn for help. 分析: 由定语从句中的谓语动词turn可知“求助于某人”是turn to sb. for help。,with which,to whom,三意义: 即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。例如: In the office I never seem to have time until after 5: 30 pm, _ _ many people have gone home. 分析: 定语从句意为“到那时, 许多人已经回家了。”“到时为止” 应用介词by。,by which,time,【误区纠偏】 易错点1 关系代词和关系副词的混用 Ill never forget the days_I spent in New York with you. (变式)Ill never forget the days_I visited New York with you. A. which B. where C. when D. why,【点拨】 (1)选择关系代词和关系副词的关键是看它们在定语从句中所充当的成分。如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 就应考虑选择关系代词; 若定语从句中缺少状语, 就应考虑选择关系副词。 (2)根据以上原则, 通过分析句子结构可知题中缺少spend的宾语, 故选A; 题中缺少时间状语, 故选C。,易错点2 固定句式混用 Mary is so lovely a girl_everybody loves her. (变式)Mary is so lovely a girl_everybody loves. A. that B. as C. which D. when,【点拨】 (1)so. . . as或so. . . that为固定句式, 前者为as引导的定语从句, as在定语从句中作宾语或主语; 后者为that引导的结果状语从句, 该从句的成分是完整的, 不缺少主语或宾语。类似的固定句式还有the same. . . as(that), such. . . as, as. . . as等。 (2)分析句子结构可知题中不缺少成分, 故选A。题中缺少love的宾语, 故选B。,易错点3 混淆定语从句与并列句 They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of_were carried out in their work. (变式)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of_were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that,【点拨】 (1)区分定语从句与并列句, 要注意句中的标点符号和连接词。如果句与句之间有并列连词and, but或者分号, 则是并列句; 如果是逗号, 且逗号后的内容是对前面内容的补充说明, 则是非限制性定语从句, 应该使用关系词。 (2)根据以上原则, 题中没有并列连词and, but或者分号, 是非限制性定语从句, 故选A。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。题中两句之间增加了一个并列连词but, 使得该句成了一个并列句, 故选B。,易错点4 混淆定语从句与强调句型 It was in the hospital_he came across a friend of his. (变式)It was the hospital_he came across a friend of his. A. that B. as C. where D. which,【点拨】 (1)区分是定语从句还是强调句, 关键看从句中是否缺少句子成分, 如果去掉it is/was和that/who, 在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下, 如句子仍然成立则为强调句, 否则为定语从句。 (2)题可改为: in the hospital he came across a friend of his. 。显然, 这句话是正确的, 故为强调句。故选A。题改后为the hospital he came across a friend of his, 这句话不正确, 为定语从句。故选C。,易错点5 混淆非限制性定语从句与名词性从句 _is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (变式)_is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. (变式)_is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. What C. As D. Which,【点拨】 (1)首先确定有没有逗号, 若有, 一般为非限制性定语从句。 (2)若没有逗号, 从句为名词性从句。若后面有that从句, 一般为主语从句, 前面则为形式主语it; 若后面的that从句前面有谓语动词be的形式, 其前则为缺少主语的主语从句, 故选用what。 (3)依上判断题为定语从句, 因为位于句首所以只能选C。题选A。题选B。,
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