2019-2020年高中语文 形容词基本定义和用法.doc

2019-2020年高中语文 形容词基本定义和用法一，形容词的类别-按结构分类 1. 单一形容词 许多形容词是单一的词。2. ing形容词 即词尾是ing的形容词。 1）由及物动词的现在分词转化而来，其中许多是品质形容词，有时能用于最高级, 如：most disappointing， most exciting等。 2）由不及物动词的现在分词转化而来，不能用于比较级，而且只能做定语，如existing, rising等。 3）加有短小副词前缀的由现在分词转化来的形容词， 如：ongoing, outstanding, ining等。4）与动词的现在分词无关的ing结尾的形容词，如：neighbouring3. ed形容词 即词尾是ed的形容词。 1）由及物动词的过去分词转化而来。 A. 多为品质形容词，具有被动含义，如：amused, bored, 等。 B. 有些是类属形容词，不能用于比较级，如：required, infected armed, fixed, cooked等。 2）由不及物动词的过去分词转化而来，不能用于比较级，而且只能做定语，如existed等。 3）加有副词前缀的过去分词转化来的形容词， 如：well-equipped, powerfully-built, highly-developed等。 4) 与过去分词无关的ed结尾的形容词，如：beloved。5) 名词+ed构成的形容词，如：winged, flowered, salaried等。 4. 复合形容词 1）形容词-名词ed：soft-hearted narrow-minded 2) 副词-过去分词：low-paid poorly-written 3) 形容词-现在分词：nice-looking fine-sounding 4) 副词-现在分词：hard-working long-standing 5) 名词-现在分词：labour-saving heart-breaking 6) 形容词-名词：white-collar full-time 7) 名词-过去分词：tree-lined road 8) 名词-形容词：duty-fee shop 9) 过去分词-副词：cast-off shoes 10) 副词-副词：all-out attempt 11) 动词-副词：take-home pay 12) 数词-名词：two-piece suit 还有由短语、短句转化而成的三个词或更多的词构成的复合形容词：heart-to-heart talk out-of-the-way place (a lonely place)二，形容词的类别-按作用分类 1. 表语形容词 只用作表语的形容词/在一定的结构中用作表语的形容词 这类词有些也可以做定语，但意义不同(如ill,ready等)1) a-为字首的形容词：afraid, asleep, alive, alone, ashamed等2) 其它字母为首的形容词：content, due, glad, likely, ready, sorry等3）表示身体健康的形容词：ill, well, unwell, faint等4）后接to的形容词组：devoted to, close to, next to, near to等5）后接of的形容词组：aware of, full of, fond of, capable of 等6）后接其它介词的形容词组：responsible for, dependent on, lacking in等 7) 后接其它不定式或that从句的形容词组。 A. 接其它不定式: liable to do, fit to be . B. 接that从句: confident that ., happy that.2. 定语形容词 只用作定语的形容词。 1) 全部强调形容词：total, pure, real, true等。 2) 多数颜色形容词。Red, brown, blue, white等 3）大量类属形容词：east, west, indoor, outdoor, woolen等。 4）个别表语形容词 A. sure: a sure thing B. glad: glad news C. sorry: sorry one D. fond: fond hopes E. ill: ill ments F. ready: ready answer3. 补语形容词 宾语补语在本质上是表语，所以表语形容词均可做补语： I found her ill. I hope to see you well soon.4. 状语形容词 状语形容词通常引导一个短语，在本质上是表语，实际上是一个省略了主语和系词的句子。 She grasped my hands, unable to say anything.5. 同位语形容词 某些形容词可做同位语. 1) 类似后置定语: He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and English. 2) 类似表语: I found Jim, unconscious, a few hours later.6. 名词化形容词 1）the+形容词。 A. 表示一类人：the poor the lazy the old the young the dead B. 表示一类事物：the difficult the impossible the unexpected C. 表示一类品质：the new 2) 介词+ 形容词构成的固定词组： from bad to worse for sure for certain for free for short in short in general in full at least at most 副词的类别1. 按对象分类 1）修饰动词 A. 时间副词：now recently B. 频度副词：always often C. 地点副词：nearby in at D. 方式副词：clearly badly gently E. 程度副词: almost poorly F. 强调副词：simply truly quite G. 方位副词：inside backwards H. 方面副词：morally socially 2) 句子副词 ， 用于修饰整个句子，可以同enough配合使用，如maybe, actually, fortunately, surely, luckily, funnily等。 3）引导句子 A. 疑问副词：when where how why 引导特殊疑问句 B. 连接副词：when where how why 引导状语从句 C. 关系副词：when where how why 引导定于从句 副词在句子中 的作用1. 做状语，修饰各种形式的动词。2. 做表语，只限于那些既可做介词，又可做副词的小品词in out up down back 等。The light is still on. Are you through (with your work)?3. 做宾语补足语，只限于上述的小品词。 Keep your coat on if you feel cold. I want it back now.4. 做定语，只限于上述的小品词。 Write your name in the place below. The building around were badly damaged.5. 做短语动词的一部分，只限于上述的小品词：give off go on get on副词在句子中 的位置 副词在句子中的位置多变，基本取决于其修饰对象在意义表达上的需要。1. 后置 1）多数副词在动词之后：He works hard. 2）多数副词动在宾语之后： Hell e and see you tomorrow.2. 中置 1）副词在主语和动词之间。 A. 宾语较长，为避免副词离动词过远： He carefully picked up all the bits of the broken glass. B. 含义为关于性格、智力的副词： I foolishly forgot my passport. He warmly weled us.2) 出于表达意义的需要，下列副词中置。suddenly, soon, nearly, surely, almost, just, still, really等 A. 在主语和动词之间： I almost forgot about it. She suddenly fell ill. B. 在系词和表语之间： The meeting is just over.3. 前置 1) 副词在句首 A. 强调. 如：recently, indeed, really, apparently, indoors, 等: Recently I havent been feeling well. Indoors it was nice and warm. B. 疑问副词：How are things going? Surely youll stay for dinner. Luckily, she was in when I called. Honestly, I dont know. Funnily enough, I met her only yesterday. 2) 程度副词 放在其所修饰的词的前面：I wasnt much surprised. 3) only和even 放在于其意义最密切相关的词的前面，是逻辑中心。 Only he knows some English. He can only read; he cant speak. She speaks only French. Ill stay only for two days. Even he doesnt know this word. She even helped us to do that. Even at night he seldom relaxed. It was cold even in August.练习1. John has three sisters. Mary is the _ of the three. (MET88) A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer2. The students are_ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88) A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most3. She told us _story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88) A. such an interesting B. such interesting a C. so an interesting D. a so interesting4. It is impossible for so_ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88) A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many5. The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did. (MET88) A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as6. The story sounds_ . (MET89) A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true7. Id been expecting _ letters the whole morning, but there werent _ for me. (MET89) A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none8. This year they have produced _ grain _ they did last year. (MET89) A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90) A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but_ . (MET90) A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good11. -Can I help you? -Well, Im afraid the box is_ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. (MET90) A. so B. much C. very D. too12.-Excuse me, is this Mr. Browns office? -Im sorry, but Mr. Brown _ works here. He left about three weeks ago. (MET90) A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _ money and _ people. (MET90) A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less14. Oh, John. _ you gave me! (MET90) A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise15. -How did you find your visit to museum? -I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected. (MET91) A. far more interesting B. even much interesting C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting16. Canada is larger than _ country in Asia. (NMET91) A. any B. any other C. other D. another17. Those oranges taste_ . (MET91) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well18. The experiment was _ easier than we had expected. (NMET91) A. more B. much more C. much D. more much19. _ food youve cooked! (NMET91 ) A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice20. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. (MET92) A. there B. where C. there where D. where there21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes_ . (MET92) A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening22. -Are you feeling _?-Yes, I m fine now. (NMET92) A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better23. Which is_ country, Canada or Australia? (MET92) A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger24. -Will you give this message to Mr. White, please? -Sorry, I cant. He _. (MET92) A. doesnt any more work here B. doesnt any longer here work C. doesnt work any more here D. doesnt work here any longer25. How can you finish the drawing? (MET92) A. often B. soon C. long D. rapid26. _ terrible weather weve been having these days! (MET92) A. How a B. What a C. How D. What27. It takes a long time to go there by train. Its_ by road. (MET93) A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker28. _ from Beijing to London! (MET93) A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is29. She doesnt speak_ her friends, but her written work is excellent. (MET93) A. as well as B. as often as C. so much as D. as good as30. -Mum, I think Im_ to get back to school. -Not really, My dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. (NMET93) A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough31. -If you dont like the red coat, take the blue one. -OK, but do you have size_ in blue? This ones a bit tight for me. (NMET93) A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger32. John plays footbal_ , if not better than, Davi. (NMET94) A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as33. We all write_ ,even when theres net much to say. (NMET94) A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less34. -Do you remember _ he came? -Yes I do, he came by car. (NMET94) A. how B. when C. that D. if35. If there were no examinations, we should have _at school. (NMET94) A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time36. -Have you finished your report yet? -No, Ill finish in_ ten minutes. (NMET95) A. another B. other C. more D. less37. -Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please. -Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful. (NMET95) A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a38. If we work with a strong will, we can overe any difficulty,_ great it is. (NMET95) A. what B. how C. however D. whatever39. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _. (NMET96) A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily40. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _. (NMET96) A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice41. Tony is going camping with _ boys. (NMET93) A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two42. -How was your recent visit to Qingdao? (NMET95) -It was great. We visited some friends, and spent _the days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last43. Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? (MET95) A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such44. Wait till you are more_ .Its better to be sure than sorry. (NMET97) A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain45. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays. (NMET98) A. the best B. more C. better D. the most46._ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (NMETxx ) A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave47. Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _ if you dont speak the language. (NMETxx ) A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially48. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) _ trick. (xx 春招) A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple49. It is generally believed that teaching is_ it is a science. (NMETxx) A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as50.-Im very _with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. -Mm, it does have a _smell. (xx春招) A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant51.Boris has brains. In fact ,I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ.A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest1C原题中的three sisters这一信息词语暗示考生要用最高级的形式。clever的最高级有两种：the most clever，the cleverest2Cmostly是副词，意思是：主要地，修饰整个句子。用most时应为most of the students；用almost通常说almost all+n.3Asuch与so修饰名词时可这样使用。so+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数so many/few十可数名词复数 so much/little+不可数名词4Afew修饰可数名词的复数；much修饰不可数名词。5DA、C项是语法错误。asas之间不能用比较级形式。B项也是语法错误，than前没有比较级，把than变成as就对了。实际上not asas=not more than6Dsound是听起来的意思。它是系动词，其后接形容词做表语。类似的系动词还有look seem taste smell fell7Asome常用在肯定句中，而any常用在否定、疑问和条件句中。8Cgrain是不可数名词。A项是语法错误，asas之间用原级，B项few不修饰grain，D项也如此。9C表示倍数的词与其他表示程度的副词修饰asas结构时，应放在其前面。10C该题考查了考生是否掌握形容词比较级的两种形式，该句可理解为：The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper，but not as good as those in this shop.11D此处可理解为the box is too heavy for you to carry12Dno longer强调时间；no more强调数量和次数。13Cbetter这一信息词可暗示考生用比较级形式，less修饰不可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词的复数。14Cwhat与how修饰名词引起的感叹句： what+a/an+形容词十单数可数名词 what+形容词+可数名词复数 what +形容词+不可数名词 How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数注意what的用法与sach相似，how与so相似。且give sB. a surprise是惯用法。15A用来修饰比较级的副词有：a little，a bit；even still；far，by far；a lot，a great deal；much，any(用于否定、疑问)；rather16A用比较级表示最高级的意思，用than+any other+单数名词(包括主语在内)或用any+单数名词(比较范围不包括主语在内)。因加拿大不属亚洲。如，把Asia改为North America，则B正确。17Ataste是系动词，后接形容词做表语。B项well如果是形容词，表示身体好。但Things are well with me属于特殊情况。参看6题。18C参看15题。19D参看14题。20Bwhere引导表语从句，且where在表语从句中做地点状语。21A当open做宾补时，一般用它的形容词，不用它的现在分词。又如：with his eyes open/closed22Bany修饰比较级时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中。23D表示两者中最的意思，用the+比较级。此句可理解Canada is the larger of the two countries.24Dno more与no longer变成notany more或notany longer时any more和any longer要置于句尾，可参看12题。25 Bhow often表示频率，与题意不符。how long句中的谓语动词应用延续性动词，是多久的意思。D项rapid是形容词不能修饰动词。How soon的回答词用in+时间，因此，全句的意思是：在多长时间之内(或以后)你能画完画?且句中谓语是瞬间动词。26D可参看14题。weather是不可数名词。27D此处可理解为Its quicker to go by road than by train28D参看14题。29A原题中的but与excellent两个信息词可暗示考生，且not asas相当于not more than，因此，该句的意思是：她讲的不如朋友的好，但她的笔头好。30Cwell是形容词身体好的意思。这是Its+adj+enoush to do sth句型。该句意思是：我身体已好，可以返回学校了。31B形容词的比较级修饰可数名词的单数时，前面不要忘了加a，泛指比较的-个。例如，This shirt is a little largerCould you show me a smaller one?32B是29题的创新。该句的意思是：如果不比David好的话，那么会跟David踢的一样好。if not better than为插入语。33A从even when theres not much to say这一信息句可知。now and then相当于sometimes，occasionally和from time to time，B项by and by=soon，C项step by step=gradually，D项more or less=about，修饰名词，但也可修饰动词，作状语。34A从答语中by car可知，how问的是方式。35Dhave a good/happy time是惯用法，much修饰比较级。参看31题。36Amore与another在表示再、又时，用法不同，more置于数词后面，而another置于数词的前面。37Ainformation是不可数名词。have a word with sb相当于speak/talk to/with sb与谈话。38Chowever是连接副词，修饰形容词great并引导一个让步4状语从句，意思是：无论困难有多大。39D下大雨应说 rain hard/heavily40D意为：我从未听过比她还好的噪音。用比较级表达最高级的概念。41C要知道形容词排列作定语的顺序。42B与41题考查的目的相同。43B可参看3题。44D从下文Its better to be sure than sorry即确信要比后悔好可知，填入D项。A、B、C项不符合逻辑。45C该题考查副词用法。四个选项均为副词的比较级或最高级，题干的两个并列分句中，已给出some short stories和his plays这一特定的语境，表示二者之间的比较需用副词的比较级。well known是一惯用词组，意为出名的、众所周知的，well的比较级为better，故答案为C。46C形容词作后置定语。enough为副词，修饰形容词brave，放在其后。47D意为在国外通常是困难的，特别是你不会说外语。48D意为我很吃惊你竟然被这么简单的一个诡计愚弄了。此处，只有用D项才能准确表达这种语气。49D教学更像是一门科学。第一个as为副词。50D。51B。