2019-2020年高三英语一轮复习Unit5Firstaid课时作业新人教版必修.doc

2019-2020年高三英语一轮复习Unit5Firstaid课时作业新人教版必修.阅读理解A(xx长沙市高中毕业生供题)About Edinburgh Castle Edinburgh Castle plays an important role in Scotlands capital. During the Wars of Scottish Independence the castle changed hands many times. In 1314 it was retaken from the English in a sudden night attack by Thomas Randolph, nephew of Robert the Bruce. The castle was home to kings and queens. Queen Margaret died here in 1093, and Mary, Queen of Scots, gave birth to James VI in the royal palace in 1566. From the 1600s onwards the castle was a military (军事的) base. Later it also held prisoners of war. Parts of the castle are still a military base, but it is now a worldfamous visitor attraction.Opening Hours The castle opens daily at 9：30 am. Closing time varies seasonally. 1 April 30 September: it closes at 6 pm.1 October31 March: it closes at 5 pm. The castle is closed on 25th and 26th December. On January 1st it is open from 11 am to 5 pm and normal hours start from January 2nd.Last admission is 1 hour before closing. Ticket Types and Prices Beat the queues and book ahead online using our web store for fasttrack entry at no extra cost. Members do not need to queue at the ticket office, and simply need to show their card at Visitor Information.Prices Adult(1659 years)16.50Child(515 years)9.90Special(60years and unemployed)13.20Children under 5 years old go free. They must be acpanied by an adult.Guided Tours A guided tour is included in your ticket priceour guides love sharing their stories. They are experienced, knowledgeable and are always happy to answer questions, so its a great way to discover the castles amazing past. Guided tours take place throughout the day and the meeting point is through the Portcullis Gate past the audio booth by the clock.【文章大意】该文主要介绍了去爱丁堡城堡游览的相关事宜。1. What can be inferred about Edinburgh Castle from the text?AIt was used as a prison in the 1500s.BIt now works only as a tourist attraction.CIt was the birthplace of Queen Margaret.DIt was once owned by nonScottish people.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第一部分的“In 1314 it was retaken from the English in a sudden night attack by Thomas Randolph, nephew of Robert the Bruce”可知，爱丁堡城堡曾经被英国人所占领和控制，故选D。A项错在16世纪爱丁堡城堡是监狱，这与第一部分的“From the 1600s onwards the castle was a military(军事的)base. Later it also held prisoners of war”不符；B项错在如今爱丁堡城堡只是旅游景点，这与第一部分的“Parts of the castle are still a military base, but it is now a worldfamous visitor attraction”不符；C项错在女皇Margaret是在爱丁堡城堡出生的，这与第一部分的“Queen Margaret died here in 1093，and Mary, Queen of Scots, gave birth to James VI in the royal palace in 1566”不符，故排除。2. When can visitors visit Edinburgh Castle on New Years Day?A4 pm6 pm. B3 pm5 pm.C10 am12 am. D9 am11 am.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二部分的“On January 1 st it is open from 11 am to 5 pm and normal hours start from January 2nd”可知，新年这天可以参观爱丁堡城堡的时间是上午11点到下午5点，结合选项可知选B。3. How much should jobless Jack and his twin grandchildren aged 5 pay in all to visit Edinburgh Castle?A13.20. B16.50.C 33.00. D 36.30.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。结合题干并根据第三部分和第四部分关于门票的事宜可知，应该付的数目是13.29.9233.0，故选C。4. What does the text say about guided tours of Edinburgh Castle?AThey cost no extra money.BThey are provided only at certain times.CQuestions arent weled during them.DThey are provided only at the Portcullis Gate.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据最后一部分的“A guided tour is included in your ticket price”可知，导游的费用包含在票价里，不需要花费额外的钱，故选A。B(xx吉林省长春市七校高三第一次联考)Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914，Goldberger was asked by US Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to believe that the disease didnt pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not. But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldbergers idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride. So Goldberger had himself injected(注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat.He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients.An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldbergers wife.None of them got sick. Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929.He was fiftyfive years old.Several years later，researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra：a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国医生Joseph Goldberger 研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。 Joseph Goldberger 医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。【难句分析】The doctor came to believe that the disease didnt pass on from one to another, but was instead to food.分析：本句是一个含有that引导的宾语从句的主从复合句。that从句中，but连接两个并列的谓语。译文：这位医生渐渐相信这种病不是传染性的，而是与食物有关。5Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger?APeople in America.BPeople put into prison.CPeople having a poor diet.DPeople touching pellagra patients.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Most of the people lived a hard life.the disease didnt pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food”，再结合Goldberger在监狱进行的实验的内容可知，在Joseph Goldberger看来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大多生活条件差；再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病。6. What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4? APellagra wasnt so terrible.BPellagra didnt spread.CPellagra could be cured.DPellagra wasnt a medical problem.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第二段中提到的Goldberger认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容(将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮肤组织的药丸)和结果(他没患病)可推知，Goldberger进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不传染。7. Which words can be used to describe Goldberger?ADevoted and determined.BSelfless and friendly.CPatient and expert.DStubborn and enthusiastic.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。文中提到的Goldberger在监狱及在他自己身上做实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可Goldberger的观点，但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚定。故选A。C(xx辽宁大连双基测试)For many people, being on the job might just sound like a picnic pared to a day at home filled with housework, meals and childcare. Even for those with a happy family life, home can sometimes feel more taxing than work.In a new study, researchers at Penn State University found significantly and consistently lower levels of cortisol (皮质醇) released in response to stress, in a majority of subjects when they were at work pared to when they were at home. This, was true for both men and women, and parents and people without children.Both men and women showed less stress at work. But women were more likely to report feeling happier there. Men were more likely to feel happier at home. Experts say there are other reasons why work is less stressful than home for many. “Paid work is more valued in society，” says Sarah Damaske, the lead researcher on the study. “Household work is boring and not particularly rewarding.” We get better at our job with time and the increased petence means less stress and more rewards. Yet none of us, no matter how long weve been doing it, ever truly feels like an expert at parenting or even at marriage.The support and friendship of coworkers also offer stress relief. At home, meanwhile, stress spreads and accumulates quickly. “Thats the reason why most housewives wish they were the bread earners，” Dr. Damaske says.Much of the advice to families and couples includes the warning to leave work stress at the office and even to change our mindset from work to home, for example, a walk around the block. The recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our attitude, might be due for some change.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明越来越多的人认为上班比在家做家务、做饭和带孩子更轻松一些。【难句分析】In a new study, researchers at Penn State University found significantly and consistently lower levels of cortisol(皮质醇)released in response to stress, in a majority of subjects when they were at work pared to when they were at home.分析：这是一个复合句。两个when都引导时间状语从句。译文：在一项新的研究中，宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员发现，比起在家里，大多数人在工作的时候，面对压力，他们的皮质醇水平显著且连续地降低。8. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “taxing” ? Astressful Bcheerful Cworthwhile Drewarding答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。本题可利用句意推断法及语境分析法解题。根据第一段第一句“For many people，being on the job might just sound like a picnic pared to a day at home filled with housework，meals and childcare”可知，很多人认为与在家做家务、做饭和带孩子相比，工作像野餐一样。言外之意，上班比在家轻松，在家比上班更有压力。故选A。cheerful“快乐的，令人愉快的”；worthwhile“值得做的”；rewarding“值得做的，有意义的”。9. What did the research in the second paragraph prove? AMen felt better at home. BWomen felt they had less time. CWomen were easier to feel happier. DMost people felt more stress at home.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。本题可利用分析长难句法解题。根据第二段内容可知，研究发现：比起在家里，大多数人在工作的时候，面对压力，他们的皮质醇水平显著且连续地降低，这项研究证明大多数人感觉在家更有压力。故选D。10. What do most people think of work at the office? AIt is petitive. BIt improves ability. CIt cant relieve stress.DIt doesnt always pay off.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第四段的第一句“We get better at our job with time and the increased petence.rewards”可知，随着时间的推移，大多数的人在工作中能提高能力。故选B。11. According to the recent findings, what should we change to solve the problem mentioned?AOur attitude. BOur mindset.COur home life. DOur working style.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据最后一段的最后一句“The recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our attitude, might be due for some change”可知，我们的家庭生活得以改变才能解决问题。故选C。D(xx辽宁省五校协作体高三上学期联合模拟考试)In the dead of winter, we dont typically think about spending time outdoors, but according to many physicians we should. The sun is our greatest source of a vitamin that is essential for good health Vitamin D. This important vitamin strengthens bones and teeth and is linked to the prevention of heart disease, cancer and many other lifethreatening diseases. The remended daily requirement is 400 600 International Units (IU). In summer, people with dark brown eyes and darker skin turn sunlight from just 15 minutes outside without sunscreen into adequate amounts of Vitamin D. Even during winter, just a 10minute walk at midday can keep the bodys Vitamin D at healthy levels. During brief winter walks, we receive the greatest benefits when we wear no sunscreen and expose as much skin to the sun as possible. Vitamin D can be also obtained from foods. Salmon is one of the best sources of the Vitamin. Egg yolks (蛋黄), cheese, mushrooms and some animal organs contain smaller quantities of it. To attract consumers, food panies add Vitamin D to some of their milk products. The practice of putting the Vitamin into milk began in the 1930s. At that time, many children were suffering from rickets, an illness that is caused by a deficiency (缺乏)of Vitamin DIt made the childrens bones soft and weak. Adding Vitamin D to milk helped to solve the problem, and it has been available ever since. For people who still need more Vitamin D, there is another option：Take Vitamin D supplements (补充物). These products are widely sold in stores. However, anyone considering taking supplements should consult a physician first.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了维生素D的一些情况。12During the winter months, people_ Aarent able to meet their deadlinesBoften dont dress warmly enoughCgenerally like to remain indoorsDleave lots of work for others to do答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In the dead of winter, we dont typically think about spending time outdoors, but according to many physicians we should”可知，在冬天人们愿意待在室内。13. According to the text, Vitamin D _.Acan be obtained by being exposed to the sunBcan be used to cure lifethreatening diseasesCcan be mainly found in some milk productsDcan make the childrens bones soft and weak答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，维生素D可以通过晒太阳获得，故选A。14. Why is salmon mentioned in this article?AIts seldom prepared in the correct way.Blts a useful addition to a persons diet.CIt has a huge impact on the environment.DIts advantages have been exaggerated答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第四段可知，三文鱼是补充维生素D的食物，因此对我们的饮食是有用的补充物，故选B。15. The main purpose of this article is_. Ato introduce a valuable nutrient. Bto advertise Vitamin D supplementsCto note risks associated with a nutrientDto explain how a nutrient was discovered答案与解析：A考查主旨大意。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍一种营养成分维生素D。.七选五(xx合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)What Type of College Is Right for You?When deciding what college to apply for, you may feel stressed about what type of campus you want to live in and study on._1_ Do you want to know everybody at your school, or are you looking for more of a college town experience where you meet new people every day?_2_ Are you looking for a liberal arts (文科) school or a more STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths) focused college? Maybe you want to attend a school more specific to what you may want to do in the future, like a music or artbased school. Another aspect or factor influencing your decision is the kinds of activities the college offers._3_ Once you start collecting a list of places you are thinking about, the next thing to do is to consult your college counselors and start your applications. When applying to college, make sure to get help and advice from the college counselors, who always have their doors open to keep students on track when it es to the college process. _4_ Keeping them up to date will help the college counselors get their job done and make your application a success.Once those applications are in, the hardest part es next：waiting._5_ As soon as the results e out, you will know which school is right for you, whether it is your top choice or something else down your list.AThe next step is finding what college suits you academically.BThey also invite students to email any questions they may have.COne of the first things that colleges look at is your past school record.DThis is also the time to reflect on which college you are hoping to get into.ESports, the arts and other interests can be a huge part in determining the right school.FChoosing between a larger or smaller campus is the first step to narrow down which college is right for you.GYou should be thinking well in advance about which teachers you want to write remendations.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何选择适合自己的大学。1答案与解析：F根据空前的“When deciding what college to apply for，you may feel stressed about what type of campus you want to live in and study on”可知，选择什么样的大学校园是你在选择适合自己的大学时首先要考虑的，故F项与此处匹配。2答案与解析：A根据空处后一句“Are you looking for a liberal arts(文科)school or a more STEM(science，technology，engineering and maths)focused college”可知，该段主要论述选择适合自己学科和专业发展的学校，故A项符合文意。3答案与解析：E根据空处前一句“Another aspect or factor influencing your decision is the kinds of activities the college offers”可知，另一个影响你选择的因素是大学所提供的活动；据此可以判断，空处承接该句，列举大学所提供的各种活动，故E项与此处匹配。4答案与解析：B根据空处前一句“When applying to college，make sure to get help and advice from the college counselors，who always have their doors open to keep students on track when it es to the college process”可知，申请大学时，要跟指导老师保持联系；据此可以判断，空处将介绍与指导老师联系的情况，故B项符合文意。5答案与解析：D根据空处后一句“As soon as the results e out, you will know which school is right for you，whether it is your top choice or something else down your list”可知，一旦结果出来，你就会知道哪一所学校是适合你的，不管它是不是你的首选；据此可以判断，空处说明等候的时间也可以用来考虑你希望进入的学校，故D项正确。