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成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 必修5,Making the news,Unit 4,Section Learning about Language,.重点单词 1_ adj.惯用的；合乎语言习惯的 2_ n家庭主妇 3_ n罪行；犯罪,idiomatic housewife crime,.短语互译 1_澄清是非，把事情弄得准确无误 2_抢发独家新闻 3_报道 4_职业诀窍 5_完全搞错了；完全误解,get the facts straight get a scoop cover a story trick of the trade get the wrong end of the stick,6be eager to do sth. _ 7defend oneself against. _ 8assist sb. in doing sth. _ 9take photos _ 10a series of. _,渴望干某事 为自己辩护 帮助某人干某事 拍照 一系列,.重点句式 I did not know how to use that recorder._. 我不知道怎样用那录音机，他也不知道。,Neither did he,.把下列句子变成倒装句 1Zhou Suhong seldom cries before the people. 2Some young students were around the teacher. 3A young man sat beside the window with a magazine in his hand. 4The weather was so cold that we had to stay at home. 5We dont realize its value until we lose our health.,答案：1.Seldom does Zhou Suhong cry before the people. 2Around the teacher were some young students. 3Beside the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 4So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 5Not until we lose our health do we realize its value.,crime nC罪行；U犯罪；sing.不好的行为 Crimes against the elderly are becoming more common. 针对老年人的犯罪变得越来越常见。 Crime is on the increase in big cities. 在大城市里，犯罪正在逐渐增加。 Its a crime to waste food. 浪费食物是不好的行为。,criminal n罪犯 adj.犯罪的，违法的；刑事的，刑法的；不道德的 commit a crime犯罪,知识拓展,活学活用 补全句子 这场大屠杀是一桩反人类的罪行。 The massacre was_ _ _ _. 答案：a crime against humanity,1.by accident 偶然地，意外地 I found it by accident. 我很意外地发现了它。 I met Jacob by accident in the cinema. 我偶然在电影院遇到了雅各布。,知识拓展 (1)by chance意外地，偶然地 They met by chance on a plane. 他们在飞机上不期而遇。 (2)by any chance万一，碰巧 Would you by any chance have change for $5? 你能换五美元吗？ (3)meet with偶遇，碰到 I met with a friend in the train yesterday. 昨天我在火车上遇到一位朋友。,(4)come across偶然遇到或找到 I came across my old college roommate in town today. 今天我在镇上遇到了我大学的室友。 (5)run into偶然遇见，偶然发现 I ran into an old friend. 我与一个老朋友不期而遇。 注意：by chance, by any chance, meet with, come across, run into这5个短语都表示“偶然遇到或发生某事”，但by chance 和by any chance 是介词短语，在句中只能作状语。另外三个是动词短语，在句中作谓语。,活学活用 单句改错 He broke the beautiful bowl by the accident. _ 答案：去掉第二个the,2defend sb./sth.(from/against sb./sth.) (1)防御，保护，保卫(某人/某事物) When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick. 那狗扑向我时，我用棍子自卫。 They had three players defending the goal (against attack) 他们有三个队员防守球门。,(2)辩解，辩白 The newspaper defended her against the accusations. 报纸为她辩护，驳斥对她的指责。 Youll need stronger evidence to defend your claim to the inheritance. 你需要更强有力的证据才能为你的遗产继承权进行辩护。,比较网站 defend, protect, guard 这些动词均有“保护、保卫”之意。 (1)defend普通用词，指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受损害，消除危险。用作比喻时，指坚持某种行动、决定或意见；含有采取措施抵制进攻的意思。 She had to defend herself against the guard dog. 她不得不防备看门狗咬她。,(2)protect普通用词，指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害；天灾、战争等较大的事情，多用against；较小的事情多用from引出。 He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow. 他抬起胳膊挡住向他脸部打来的一拳。 (3)guard普通用词，指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。强调警卫，以确保安全。 The dog guarded the house(against strangers) 狗守护着房子(防止陌生人进入)。,活学活用 (1)用恰当词语填空 The soldiers duty is to defend the country_its enemies. 答案：against 句意：战士的职责就是保卫国家不受敌人侵犯。考查介词。defend保卫，defend.against.保护使不受侵害。介词against符合语境。,(2)用defend，guard或protect的适当形式完成句子 The gate is_by soldiers；you cant enter. He was wearing dark glasses to_his eyes from the sun. We will_our motherland to the last drop of our blood. 答案：guarded protect defend,I didnot know how to use that recorder. Neither did he. 我不知道怎样用那录音机，他也不知道。 本句中Neither did he相当于He didnt know, either。这里是将“neither/norbe/have/助动词/情态动词另一主语”用于否定句之后，表示前面所述的否定情况也适用于后者。 Lily cant ride a bike, neither/nor can Lucy. 莉莉不会骑自行车，露西也不会。 He hasnt finished his work, neither/nor have I. 他还没完成工作，我也没完成。,知识拓展 (1)“sobe/have/助动词/情态动词另一主语”用在肯定句后，表示前面所述的肯定情况也适用于后者。 Mike is good at playing basketball, so is Jack. 迈克擅长打篮球，杰克也擅长。,(2)若上述两种结构前的句子既有实义动词又有情态动词，或既有肯定又有否定的情况，则用It is/was the same with.或So it is/was with.句型。 He came late for school, but he was not punished. 他上学迟到了，但未受到惩罚。 So it was with me./It was the same with me. 我也是。,(3)“so同一主语be/have/助动词/情态动词”则意为“某人/物的确如此”，表示同意某人的观点。 Lucy works hard. 露西工作很努力。 So she does and so do you. 她的确如此，你也是。,活学活用 He didnt go swimming last week.I didnt go either.(用倒装结构改写) _ 答案：He didnt go swimming last week，neither did I.,倒装 倒装是英语中常见的一种语言现象。它具有强调、修饰等作用。若把助动词、情态动词放在主语前，则构成部分倒装；若把谓语动词放在主语前，则构成完全倒装。,.完全倒装 完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1)There be句型：其中be可换成live, lie, stand, remain, exist, come, go, seem(appear/happen/used)to be等表示“存在”的词。 There entered a strange little man. 走进来一个奇怪而身材又矮小的人。 Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前，海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。,2)以here, there, off, out, in, up, down, away, now, then, on等表示方向、位置或时间副词开头的句子，谓语是come, go, be等动词时，并且其主语为名词时，通常使用完全倒装。 Now, here goes the story. 这个故事是这样的。 Then came another question. 然后又一个问题被提出来了。 Away flew the bird. 那鸟飞走了。 Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face. 突然进来一个蒙着面具的人。,3)表示地点的介词短语，常将其放在句首，构成完全倒装，用于强调；注意，此时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词，且主语为名词。 In the cottage lives a family of six. 在这幢小茅舍里住着一家六口。 Near the bridge was an old cottage. 在桥的附近有一幢古老的小茅舍。,Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated. 这家饭店隔壁还有一家装修华丽的大饭店。 On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings. 这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多综合楼。,4)表语(充当表语的可以是形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、副词等)置于句首，一般是主语较长或结构为较复杂的句子。 Gone are the days when he was looked down upon. 他被人瞧不起的日子已经一去不复返了。 In the armchair lay a cat, half asleep. 一只猫躺在椅子上，半睡半醒。 Standing around the teacher were her students. 老师周围站着的都是她的学生。,Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies. 同时还讨论了我们在学习中碰到的问题。 First to unfold was the map of the world. 首先要打开的是世界地图。,5)such位于句首。 Such are the fortunes of war. 这些就是战争的机会。 Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这些。,.部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语部分不含有助动词或情态动词时，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1)为了避免句子内容出现不必要的重复，常用“sobe动词(助动词、情态动词)主语”或“neither/norbe动词(助动词、情态动词)主语”的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示“与前面所述的肯定情况相同”，第二个句式表示“与前面所述的否定情况相同”。,His brother is a college student, so is mine. 他弟弟是大学生，我弟弟也是。 He used to have his further study abroad, so did I. 他曾去国外深造过，我也去过。 One of my friends cannot speak foreign languages, neither can his wife. 我的一个朋友不会说外语，他的妻子也不会。 They are not now preparing for their final examinations, nor are we. 他们没在为期末考试做准备，我们也没有。,2)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外)，句子通常采用部分倒装。这类词或短语常见的有：not, never, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, not until., no sooner.(than), hardly.(when), not only.(but also)。 Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before. 我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。 So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother. 就我所知，玛丽几乎难得回来看她妈妈。,Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 By no means are these goods satisfactory. 这些货物一点儿也不令人满意。 Not until twelve oclock did he go to bed last night. 他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。 Not only was the city polluted, but the streets were crowded. 不仅城市被污染，而且街道很拥挤。,No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there. 我从新西兰一回国，就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。 Hardly could he finish his test paper when the school bell rang. When the bell rang, he could hardly finish his test paper. 他还未做完试卷，下课铃就响了。,3)as, though引导的让步状语从句，其中表语、状语等放在as或though之前。注意：as/though引导的让步状语从句具有以下特点：表语提前，形容词最高级前的the，单数可数名词前的a/an要省略。主谓结构的句子，谓语动词(原形)提前时，主语后补出相应的助动词。 Successful as he is, he is not proud. 尽管他取得了成功，但他并不骄傲。 Shortest as he is, he is the cleverest of the three. 虽然他是三个人中最矮的，却是最聪明的。,Child as he is, he knows some of the family secrets. 尽管他还是个孩子，他却知道家里的一些秘密。 (注意child前无冠词) Try as I might, I could not lift the stone. 尽管我用尽力气，我还是举不起这块石头。 Too much as/though I like it, I cant afford it. 虽然我非常喜欢它，但是我却买不起。,4)so/such.that.句型中，so/such部分放在句首，该部分须采用部分倒装。 So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test. 形势如此地严峻，每个人都面临着一场考验。 So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last. 他太操劳过度以至于最后病倒了。 In such a hurry did she leave that she forgot to lock the door. 她匆匆离去，以至于忘记了锁门。,5)句首以were, had, should开头，省略if的虚拟语气条件句。 Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully. 如果没有他们的帮助，我们不可能把那件事办的如此成功。 Should he come, say “Nobody in” to him. 万一他来了，对他说：“公司没人。” Were I you，I would go with them. 我要是你的话，我就跟他们一起去。,6)only与副词、介词短语及状语从句连用放在句首时。 Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem. 只有这样，你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次之后，他才来参加会议。 Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 只有当病得很重时，他才卧床休息。,7)频度副词及短语。如：often, always, once, many a time, now and then, every other day等位于句首时。 Many a time has he given me good advice. 他多次给我忠告。 Often have I seen these Young Pioneers do good deeds. 我经常看到这些少先队员做好事。,8)表祝愿的句子常用倒装。 May our friendship last forever! 愿我们的友谊长存！ May your company become prosperous! 祝贵公司生意兴隆！ Long live the great, glorious and correct the Communist Party of China! 伟大、光荣、正确的中国共产党万岁！,9)某些感叹句也用倒装语序。 Isnt it a beautiful garden! 多么美丽的花园啊！ Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him! 你见过哪个孩子像他这么调皮！,知识拓展 1)在以there, here, up, down, out, in等副词开头的句子中，主语是代词时，句子不倒装。 There they are. 他们在那边。 2)only修饰主语，句子不倒装。 Only Mary knows the answer. 只有玛丽知道答案。,3)表示赞同某人的看法时，用SoS.do/does/did. I told you that I would come. 我告诉过你我会来的。 So you did. 你确实说过。,4)not until后接从句时，主句部分倒装，从句不倒装；no sooner.than, hardly.when, not only.but also引导两个分句时，前一分句部分倒装，后一分句不倒装，这种结构常用过去完成时。但在neither.nor结构中，前后两个分句均要倒装。 Not only did he complain about the food, but also refused to pay for it. 他不仅抱怨饭菜的质量，而且拒不付款。 Hardly had he finished his speech when the audience started cheering. 他刚演讲完观众便欢呼起来。,No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 Neither do I know her name, nor does he. 我不知道她的名字，他也不知道。,巧学助记 部分倒装口诀： 副词开头要倒装，人称代词非如常；only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；否定意义副连词，位于句首须倒装；表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装；such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装；not only开头句，前一分句须倒装；had, were, should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。,高考真题改编 用倒装结构完成句子 1(2015天津卷改编)Only when Lily walked into the office_(realize)that she had left the contract at home. 答案：did she realize 句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知填did she realize。,2(2015湖南卷改编)Only after talking to two students _ I _(discover)that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. 答案：did ; discover 副词only置于句首，强调方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等状语时，主句要进行部分倒装。如果被only所强调的状语为状语从句，该状语从句不倒装，只对主句进行倒装。此题中only作为副词放在句首修饰时间状语after talking to two student，所以主句要进行部分倒装。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前。句意：在和两个学生交谈之后我才意识到拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素。,3(2014陕西卷改编)No sooner _Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 答案：had 考查倒装。句意：莫言刚踏上舞台，观众就爆发出了雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner. than.一就，no sooner位于句首时，应进行部分倒装，且动作发生在掌声爆发之前，故用过去完成时。 4(2014大纲卷改编)Not only_ the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. 答案：do 考查倒装句。句意：护士不但想要加薪，她们还要求减少工作时间。,5(2014湖南卷改编)Only when you can find peace in your heart _you keep good relationships with others. 答案：will 考查特殊句式。only所修饰的状语位于句首时，主句用部分倒装句，即将主句谓语中的助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主句的主语前，根据从句可知主句用一般将来时。,6(2013全国卷改编)_ by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percentcan the patients be treated properly in this hospital. 答案：Only 考查倒装句。句意：只有通过增加百分之五十的医生，在医院里才能合理地给病人治病。“Only状语”置于句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，故填only。,7(2013辽宁卷改编)At no time _they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them. 答案：did 考查特殊句式的用法。句意：他们实际上没有违反比赛的规则，处罚他们是不公平的。at no time“从不，绝不”，是否定副词，位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构。由第二句中的was可知应填did。,8(2013江苏卷改编)“Never for a second，”the boy says, “_I doubt thatmy father would come to my rescue.” 答案：did 考查倒装。句意：“我从没怀疑，”男孩说，“父亲会来救我”。never“从不”，表示否定意义的副词位于句首，句子用部分倒装语序。又是叙述过去的事情，故用一般过去时。 9(2013湖南卷改编)Not once _it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. 答案：did 考查倒装语序。句意：麦克怎么也没想到他有一天会成为班里的尖子生。否定副词(Not once)位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装语序。,10(2013福建卷改编)Not until he went through real hardship _ he realize the love we have for our families is important. 答案：did 考查not until的倒装语序。not until置于句首，使用部分倒装语序；realize动作与went同时发生，故填did。,专项练习 1Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _ I speak to him again. 答案：will 考查倒装和时态。句意：只有当他为他的粗鲁道歉时，我才会和他说话。“Only状语”位于句首，句子采用部分倒装语序，when时间状语从句采用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时态，所以填will。,2The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor_he even give it a thought. 答案：will nor“也不”，表示否定的词位于句首，句子用部分倒装；根据前后时态一致原则，填will。句意：校长不会允许课程的改变，他甚至不会给予考虑。 3Only when the chief editor comes_ it be possible to settle the problem. 答案：will 句意：只有主编来了，才有可能解决这个问题。“Only状语”放在句首时，主句需要部分倒装，但要注意作状语的从句(即状语从句)不能倒装。,4Great_ the difficulty was the mountain climbers eventually conquered Mountain Qomolangma. 答案：as/though 句意：虽然困难重重，但是这些登山者最终征服了珠穆朗玛峰。“形容词、副词、名词甚至是动词as/though主语谓语”放在主句前面，相当于though/although引导的状语从句。本句中Great as/though the difficulty wasAlthough/Though the difficulty was great。,5Its burning hot today, isnt it? Yes._was it yesterday. 答案：So 句意：“今天热极了，对吗？”“是的，昨天也这么热。”表达前后两天的天气情况相同，采用“so助动词/情态动词等(另一个)主语”。,6The child tiptoed quietly to the bird.Away it_(fly)into the forest when he was about to catch it. 答案：flew 句意：这个孩子蹑手蹑脚地走向小鸟，当他就要捉住小鸟时，它一下子飞进了森林。副词away用于句首，如果主语是名词，则用倒装结构；如果主语是代词，则用正常语序；此处主语是代词it，不需要倒装。 7Try _ she might, Sue couldnt get the door open. 答案：as/though 句意：尽管苏尝试了，但她还是打不开门。根据句子结构可知，本题考查as/though引导的让步状语从句，要用倒装语序。其结构为：动词/名词/形容词/副词as/though主语谓语，填as。,8Never in my wildest dreams_I imagine these people are living in such poor conditions. 答案：could 句意：我连做梦都不会想到这些人会生活在如此贫穷的环境中。因为否定词never位于句首，故用倒装结构。 9We laugh at jokes, but seldom _ we think about how they work. 答案：do 句意：我们会对一些玩笑大笑不止，但是却很少去考虑一下这些玩笑说明了什么。否定副词seldom位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，由laugh可知应用一般现在时。,10Just in front of our house_(stand)a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years. 答案：stands 表示地点的介词短语，常将其放在句首，构成全部倒装，用于强调；注意，此时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词且主语为名词。 11_curious were the couple about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. 答案：So 考查so/such.that句型的倒装句式。主句倒装， that从句主谓不倒装。,12Mary never does any reading in the evening，_does John(约翰也不) 答案：neither/nor 本题考查连词nor引导的倒装句，neither/nor情态动词或助动词主语。该结构表示前边所说的情况也同样适合于后者。,.单词拼写 1We were friends and_(同事) for more than 20 years. 2I have a lot of reading_(任务) to complete before the end of term. 3_(犯罪) is an increasingly serious problem in Russian society. 4We are becoming one of the market leaders in the_(时尚) industry. 5She works as a care a_in an old peoples home.,6Married at nineteen，she was a traditional h_and mother of four children. 7Shes a senior e_ in the reference department of a publishing company. 8The famous star looked as if the p_had caught her by surprise. 答案：1.colleagues 2.assignments 3.Crime 4.fashion 5.assistant 6.housewife 7.editor 8.photographer,.同义句转换 1Never will Zhou Yang forget his assignment at the office of China Daily. Zhou Yang_ _forget his assignment at the office of China Daily. 2A student should cheat in an exam at no time. At no time_ _ _ _in an exam. 3A modern lab lies between the lakes. Between the lakes_ _ _ _.,4She didnt leave to work until I came back. Not until_ _ _ _ _ _to work. 5You can learn maths well only in this way. Only in this way_ _ _ _well. 答案：1.will never 2.should a student cheat 3.lies a modern lab 4.I came back did she leave 5.can you learn maths,.单句改错 1In the doorway did a man stand with a gun. _ 答案：did a man standstood a man in the doorway为表示方位的短语，用于句首，且句子的主语为名词，该句需用完全倒装句式。 2If you dont go there，neither do I. _ 答案：dowill if引导条件状语从句时，适应于“主将从现”的时态原则，故主句需用一般将来时。句意：如果你不去那儿，我也不去。,3Hardly he had entered the office when he realised that he had forgotten his report. _ 答案：第一个he hadhad he 在hardly.when.这个结构中，hardly所在的主句要倒装，表示“一就”。 4Not only does the boy work hard，but is he polite. _ 答案：把he提到is前 在not only.but also.这个结构中，also可以省略，当该结构连接两个并列句时，not only所在的句子用部分倒装，but(also)所在的句子不用倒装。,5Patient as was he, he wouldnt wait for three hours. _ 答案：was hehe was as引导让步状语从句时，通常把从句中的表语或状语置于句首，其后不用倒装结构。句意：尽管他很有耐心，但他不会等三个小时的。,
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