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第二部分 语法专题研究,专题八 动 词,命题点1 实义动词 命题点2 系动词 命题点3 助动词,直击中考考点,考情概览,考点精讲,现学现用,第一节 动词的分类与辨析,第二节 动词短语辨析,直击中考考点,考情概览,考点精讲,现学现用,第三节 情态动词,命题点1 情态动词的基本用法 命题点2 情态动词表推测的用法,直击中考考点,考情概览,考点精讲,现学现用,动词辨析是湖南各地市近3年中考的重要考点。命题点主要有以下三个方面： 1. 动词语境辨析：主要在完形填空中考查，单项填空中较少涉及。 2. 近义动词辨析：主要在单项填空中考查。 3. 系动词：仅在单项填空中考查过一次感官动词词义辨析（look）。,考情概览,第一节 动词的分类与辨析,直击中考考点,动词词义辨析是湖南近3年中考完形填空的考查重点，在单项填空中考查较少。同时，单项填空与完形填空中也会涉及近义动词辨析，如花费（take， cost， spend与pay）、穿（put on， wear， dress与be in）、说话（tell， talk， speak与say）。,考点精讲,实义动词含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否直接加宾语，可细分为：及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词（vi.）。 及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如tell, take, ask, make， reach等。如： He reached Canada the day before yesterday.他前天到加拿大的。,不及物动词 不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语,如swim, sleep, sit, smile, come等；若后面要接宾语，必须与介词连用。如： Lucy is swimming. 露西正在游泳。 近义动词辨析 近义动词辨析是湖南近3年中考的考查重点，主要考查考生对同义词的辨析，单项填空和完形填空中均有设题。下面列举几组常见的近义动词辨析：,1.watch，look，see与read具体讲解详见本书第一部分七年级（上）Units 5-9 P14 2.speak, tell, talk与say具体讲解详见本书第一部分七年级（下）Units 1-3 P4 3.dress，put on，wear与be in 具体讲解详见本书第一部分七年级（下）Units 1-3 P14 4.spend, take, cost与pay具体讲解详见本书第一部分七年级（下）Units 7-9 P14,系动词（3年1考1次）,命题点2,系动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，无被动语态，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。具体分类见下表：,助动词（具体内容在右侧 二维码中呈现，扫码即现）,命题点3,助动词,2. How was the concert last night? It was so good. Though it _ nearly four hours, few people left early. A. played B. reached C. lasted,1. My brother _ to move the heavy box, but I didnt give up. A. reminded B. refused C. agreed,B,C,现学现用,3. We have to go now, David. Lets _ goodbye to Grandpa. A. tell B. speak C. say,4. Mom is making dinner. It _ so nice! A. smells B. tastes C. sounds,C,A,5. Im sorry I left my homework at home. Shall I go and _ it? No, you neednt. Bring it here tomorrow. A. get B. send C. carry,A,6. Who _ the tennis game yesterday？ Jack. He all the others. A. beat; won B. won; won C. won; beat,7. She is rich, but she never _ too much money on clothes. A. spends B. pays C. takes,8. Dont try to _ your mistakes. You should face them bravely. A. take B. hide C. change,C,B,A,9. The speaker _ the listeners by his excellent speech. A. impressed B. taught C. pressed,10. How can I improve my reading? I think the most important is to _ a good habit of reading. A. develop B. show C. make,A,A,第二节 动词短语辨析,分析湖南近3年中考真题可知，动词短语在单项填空和完形填空中都是考查重点，考查方式以“同一动词+不同介词”为主，少量涉及“不同动词+同一介词”、“不同动词+不同介词”。常考短语有：look短语、take短语、give短语、turn短语和put短语等。同时还会考查used to词组和have gone / been to词组辨析。,考情概览,直击中考考点,湖南近3年中考对动词短语的考查分三种形式： 1. 相同动词+不同介词 2. 不同动词+相同介词 3. 不同动词+不同介词,考点精讲,其中“相同动词+不同介词”是考查重点。动词短语辨析旨在通过题干或具体语境考查考生对上下文的理解能力、对动词短语不同搭配的识别和记忆能力、准确辨析动词短语并恰当运用的能力。所以考生应对常见的动词短语牢记于心，尤其是要运用到具体语境中，方便理解记忆。常见的动词短语如下：,相同动词+不同介词,不同动词+相同介词,不同动词+不同介词 1. come out of 由产生；go pass经过，路过；go into进入（2015怀化35题） 2. give up放弃；give out分出，散步；turn on打开（2015岳阳28题） 3. put on穿上；take off（飞机）起飞，脱掉（衣服）；cut up切碎（2014怀化27题）,4. go on继续；get up 起床；come on加油（2014湘潭43题） 5. take out取出；go away走开；fall down掉落，跌倒（2013怀化37题） 6. listen to听；hear of 听说；look for寻找（2013永州39题）,其它动词短语辨析 1. 辨析used to do sth., be/get used to doing sth. 与be used to do sth.具体讲解详见本书第一部分九年级（全）Units 3-4 P12 2. 辨析have been to, have gone to与have been in 具体讲解详见本书第一部分八年级（下）Units 9-10 P4,2. The book wont _ until the end of the year. A. come out B. come over C. come true,1. Steven, we should _ the bus at the next stop. A. get up B. get off C. get in,B,A,现学现用,3. Youd better _ your paper and see if there are any mistakes. A. look out B. look through C. look for,4. China is going to _ a manned（载人的） space station around 2020 to explore more space. A. set up B. put up C. wake up,B,A,5. The children _ very early because they live far away from the school. A. take off B. turn off C. set off,6. Recycling is good, so dont _ bottles or newspapers. A. find out B. hand in C. throw away,7. As time _, youll gradually think of English as your friend and love it. A. goes by B. runs out C. turns up,C,A,C,8. The sun is so bright that I cant see anything. I must _ my sunglasses at once. A. put down B. put up C. put on,9. Jack, your little sister is sleeping. Please _ the TV. A. turn up B. turn down C. turn into,C,B,第三节 情态动词,分析湖南近3年中考真题可知，情态动词在湖南各地市中考真题中主要在单项填空中考查，完形填空涉及较少。单项填空以情态动词的基本用法为主，其次为情态动词表推测的用法；完形填空以其基本用法为主，很少涉及表推测的用法。,考情概览,直击中考考点,情态动词的基本用法是湖南近3年中考的高频考点。常考的情态动词有：can, cant, neednt, must, mustnt, may, should，主要在单项填空中考查不同情态动词的辨析。,考点精讲,情态动词的基本用法,注 意 1. 由need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have to;否定回答常用neednt。如： Need I answer the question?我需要回答这个问题吗？ Yes, you must/have to./No, you neednt.是的，你必须回答。/不，你不需要。 2. 由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must；否定回答用neednt或dont/doesnt have to。,湖南近3年中考真题对情态动词表推测的用法主要在单项填空中考查，完形填空中尚未考查。常考的表推测的情态动词有：cant和must。,【方法突破】考生在解答此类试题时，可以从以下几方面着手： 1. 表示否定的推测：此类题一般是考查情态动词表推测的用法，语境会对所要填的空给出提示，据此可以判断是否定，此时最好用can not/cant； 2.表示可能性推测：此类题一般也会有相关的语境提示，如Im not sure，who knows等，此时最好用may或might。 3. 表示肯定的推测：只有一种可能，只要语境中有非常明显的肯定提示词，则直接选must。因此考生在复习时要掌握常见情态动词表推测的用法。,情态动词表示肯定推测,情态动词表示否定推测,2. Must I come at 6:30 tomorrow morning? No, you neednt. You _ come one hour later. A. can B. need C. should,1. Look at the “No parking” sign. You _ park your car here. A. can B. neednt C. mustnt,C,A,现学现用,3. The girl in the classroom _ be Maria. She called me from the library just now. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant,B,C,4. We _ be more careful, or we will make the same mistake in the experiment. A. might B. can C. should,5. After such a long walk, the little boy _ be tired now. A. cant B. must C. need,C,6. Dad, Im so tired! Must I do the chores right now? No, you _. You can do it later. A. neednt B. couldnt C. mustnt,7. _ I have breakfast now， mum? No, you cant. The first thing you should do is to wash your hands. A. May B. Need C. Must,A,A,8. Jack _ come to our school to make a speech tomorrow. Im not sure. A. cant B. may not C. mustnt,9. The class begins at nine oclock, so you _ get up so early. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt,C,B,
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