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,Unit 1 A land of diversity,Unit 1,牵 手 课 堂,California California, a state in the western United States, borders the Pacific Ocean. The third largest state in the Union, California covers an area of great physical diversity in which uplands dominate the landscape. The mountains, hills, ridges, and peaks of California border the coastline, rise to nearly 4,600 meters in the towering Sierra Nevada, encircle the great fertile basin of the Central Valley, and separate the desert into innumerable basins. However, despite the physical dominance and economic value of the uplands, Californias urban areas and economic production are concentrated in the valleys and lowlands, such as in the huge metropolitan region centered on Los Angeles, the states largest and the nations second largest city.,Manufacturing, agriculture, and related activities are the principal sources of income. They are based in large part on the states wealth of natural resources, its productive farmlands, its large and highly skilled labor force, and its ability to market its output both at home and abroad. The name California was first used to designate the region by the Spanish expedition led by Juan, as it sailed northward along the coast from Mexico in 1542. The name itself was probably derived from a popular Spanish novel published in 1510 in which a fictional island paradise named California was described. The states official nickname is the Golden State, referring to the gold rush, which played a central role in Californias entry into the Union on September 9,1850, as the 31st state. The nickname also suggests the states golden fields and sunshine.,Section Warming Up and Reading,栏目导航,.Read the text and match the main idea with each paragraph. Part （Para.1）：A.The future of California. Part （Para.28）：B.Brief introduction to California. Part （Para.9）：C.The history about people from differentcountries moved to California. 答案：Part ：B Part ：C Part ：A,.Scan the text and choose the best answer according to the text. 1.Which of the following doesnt belong to the characteristics of California? A.It has the largest population of America. B.Its the most multicultural state. C.It has the best climate and lifestyle. D.Its the third largest state in the USA. 答案：C,2.From the third paragraph, we can learn that . A.the majority of Native Americans were religious B.California got rid of the Spanish government in 1846 C.the Spanish spent over 200 years taking control of the US D.nearly half of Californians speak Spanish as a first language 答案：B,3.Whats mainly discussed in Paragraph 67? A.The different immigrants and their life in California. B.The reason why immigrants came to California. C.The nationalities of immigrants and the time of their arrival. D.What the immigrants did to Americans society. 答案：C,4. _has attracted people from India and Pakistan to California. A.Drugs B.Gold C.Medicine D.Computer industry 答案：D,5.Which of the following is TRUE? A.The first people arrived in California fifteen thousand years ago. B.Adventurers from all over the world achieved their gold dreams and returned home. C.In 1821, the people of California gained their independence from Mexico. D.Nowadays, people immigrate to California for its nice climate and lifestyle. 答案：D,.Fill in the blanks in the following passage according to the text. California is the third 1._(large) state in the USA but has the largest population. At 2._(vary) times, people from different countries in the world have immigrated to California. It is likely 3._ the first settlers came to California by means 4._a land bridge at least 15,000 years ago. In the 16th century, Europeans arrived and forced thousands of the native people 5._ slavery. In the 18th century, California was ruled by Spain. Thats 6._ today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. In 1842, the people of Mexico gained their 7._(independent) from Spain and California became part of Mexico.,largest,various,that,of,into,independence,However, in 1846, the United States 8._(declare) war on Mexico and won the war, so California had to be given to the United States. In the early 1800s, Russians began settling in California. In 1848, gold was discovered in California, 9._attracted people who had the dream of becoming rich. In fact, few achieved their dreams. Many died or returned home, but most remained in California to make 10._ life for themselves. In 1850, California became the thirtyfirst state of the United States.,declared,which,a,Point distinction n.差别；区分；卓著；特质；特点,考点一 单词点击,It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.(教材P1) 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。,drawmake a distinction （between A and B） 把（A与B）区别开 have the distinction of doing sth.有特点;不同凡响 without distinction无差别地；一视同仁地,It is important to drawmake a distinction between the two options. 把这两个选项加以区别是十分重要的。 We should makedraw a distinction between right and wrong. 我们应该分清是非。 He has the distinction of being very generous to those in need. 他卓尔不群，对那些需要帮助的人慷慨善良。,distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的 be distinct in/from在某方面与不同,There is a distinct improvement in her pronunciation. 她的发音有了明显的进步。 Those two suggestions are quite distinct from each other. 那两个建议截然不同。,单句语法填空。 (1)The two essays are distinct from each other_ style. 解析：句意：这两篇散文在风格上不同，考查短语be distinct fromin在方面与不同。 (2)We must make a distinction _ freedom and licence(放纵). 解析：句意：我们必须区分自由和放纵。make a distinction betweenand把与区别开。,in,between,a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具 by means of用办法；借助 by this means 用这种方法 by all means 务必，一定，当然可以 by any means 无论如何，以一切可能的手段 by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）,Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important means of transportation. 自行车是数百万中国人赖以出行的重要交通工具。 By all means, drink plenty of water while exercising. 当然，锻炼的时候多喝水。 Her films are by no means as simple as they may have first appeared. 她的电影绝不可能像乍一看起来那么简单。,method, way, means, approach与manner (1)method指有系统、有条理地办事或解决问题的方法。尤指有次序的、有计划的方法，较正式，常和介词of搭配。 (2)way是常用词，可指一般的方法，有时也指个人的方法或方式，也可指特殊的方式或方法，常和介词in搭配。 (3)means 指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径，常和介词by搭配。 (4)approach 指从事某事的特别方法、途径，常与介词to搭配使用。,单句改错。 (1)Every possible means have been tried, but none of them works. 解析：句意：可能的方法都试过，但没有起作用，every修饰means, means这里是单数意义，故谓语动词用单数。 (2)Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means the teacher is satisfied with my progress. 用means, way, method, approach填空。 解析：句意：我很努力地想提高英语，但是我的老师对我的进步一点也不满意。by no means决不，位于句首，句子要用部分倒装。,has,is,(3)These vegetables can be cooked in different_ . 解析：句意：蔬菜可以用不同的方法烹饪。in different ways用不同的方法。 (4)We express our thoughts by_ of words. 解析：句意：我们用语言表达我们的思想，by means of通过；借助。,ways,means,(5)The _of teaching needs improving. 解析：句意：教学方法需要改进。the method of teaching教学方法。 (6)We have a very communicative _ to teaching languages. 解析：句意：我们在语言教学中非常强调交际教学法。an approach to的方法。,method,approach,Point majority n.大多数；大半,the majority of 的大多数 in a/the majority 占大多数 have a majority over sb.拥有多数；战胜某人,(1) major adj.主要的；重要的；较多的 v.专修；主攻 major in主修 (2) minor adj.较少的 minority n.少数,At the meeting, young people were in the majority. 在会上，年轻人占大多数。 The majority of the damage is easy to repair.(the majority of后接不可数名词) 大部分损害是容易补救的。 She majored in history while at college. 她在大学里主修的是历史。,单句语法填空。 (1)The majority of the damage _(be) easy to repair. 解析：句意：大多数的损毁是容易修理的。damage当“损坏”讲时为不可数名词，作主语谓语动词用单数。 (2)One-third of the country_ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _(be) black people. 解析：句意：这个国家的三分之一国土被树木覆盖，而且大多数居民是黑人。分数、百分比以及the minority of等结构中谓语动词的单复数取决于谓语动词前面的名词的单复数。the country是单数，而the citizens是复数。,is/was,is,are,Point elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人,【注意】在“elect+sb.+职务”结构中，表示职务的名词前不加冠词。常见的职务名词有：monitor, mayor, chairman, president, captain等。,election n.选举；推举；当选 run for an election 参加竞选 win the election 赢得选举,The labour Party won the 2016 election by a huge majority. 工党以绝对优势赢得了2016年选举。,单句语法填空。 (1)The purpose of this meeting is _(elect) a new chairman. 解析：句意：会议的目的就是选一位新主席。考查句型The purpose ofis to do sth.“目的是”，不定式作表语，说明主语的内容。 (2)Have you heard about the recent_ (elect)? 解析：句意：你听说了最近的选举吗？形容词recent修饰名词，故用election。,to elect,election,Point boom （1）n.（人口、贸易的）繁荣；（工商业、经济等的）迅速发展；（价格、股票等的）暴涨 The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people.(教材P3) 这个新兴的行业吸引了欧洲人，包括许多犹太人。 baby boom生育高峰期 The oil market is enjoying a boom. 石油市场欣欣向荣。 How long can the present business boom last? 目前这种商业繁荣能持续多久？,（2）vi.处于经济迅速发展时期；蓬勃发展 Business has been booming since I enlarged the shop. 自从我扩大商店经营以来，生意一直兴隆。 Stocks boomed yesterday. 股票昨天暴涨了。,booming adj.兴旺的，繁荣的；大受欢迎的,booming income 高收入 booming market 繁荣的市场,单句语法填空。 (1)Web commerce in China_ (boom) within recent years as buyers switch to the Internet for better deals from more reliable suppliers and reasonable prices. 解析：句意：最近几年，网络贸易在中国逐渐火爆，消费者上网可以买到自己想要的和价格合理的商品。 单句改错。 (2)Our town is having suchboom that it is likely to double its size in two years.,has been booming,a,考点二 短语诠释,live by靠（手段、方式）为生 live with容忍，忍受 live up to符合，不辜负(希望) live a(n)life过着一种的生活 live through经历而幸存,用由live构成的短语的适当形式填空。 （1）Even though Father Christmas is no longer living, his spirit of generosity _ today. （2）My grandfather_ both world wars. （3）We should work hard and try to _ our parents expectations. （4）The brave girl is learning to _ her disability.,lives on,lived through,live up to,live with,Point make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.(教材P2) 许多人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚靠劳作谋生。 True masters are those who have chosen to make a life rather than a living. 真正杰出的人是那些选择怎样生活而不是怎样生存的人。,(1)bring sb./sth.to life使某物更生动；使某人/某物苏醒 lead/live alife过着的生活 devote ones life to sth./doing sth.献身于、致力于某事/做某事 come to life 苏醒过来；恢复生机；变得活跃 (2)make/earn a living谋生 make a fortune 赚一大笔钱 make it 成功；准时到达；渡过难关 make up化妆；编造；组成；补足；和解,选用以上短语的适当形式填空。 (1)She had been absent from school for two weeks, so she naturally had a lot of homework _. (2)After several ups and downs, it finally _ to publication, and I was so happy to receive the overwhelming support of my readers. (3)In education, we are striving not to teach youth to make a living, but _.,to make up,made it,to make a life,Point keep up坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）；鼓起（勇气） In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.(教材P2) 1911年，丹麦的移民建立了自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。 I hope the fine weather will keep up. 我希望好天气继续下去。 Youre all doing a splendid job;keep up the good work! 你们干得都很出色,要坚持下去! Im afraid no one can keep up if we continue to work so hard. 再这样拼命工作下去，恐怕大家都会撑不住的。,keep on 继续 keep up with 赶上；不落后 keep out （of）不让进入 keep （sb./sth.） away （from sb./sth.）使不靠近 keep sb./sth.from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事,How do we keep up with all these changes and trends? 我们要如何赶上这些变化和潮流？,用由keep构成的短语的适当形式填空。 （1）She likes to _the latest fashions. （2）We should try to _ our old customs. （3）No matter how heavily it snowed,they_ hiking.,keep up with,keep up,kept on,Point what在名词性从句中的语义和语法功能 Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.（教材P2） 没有人知道第一批开拓者首次到达我们现在称之为加利福尼亚的确切时间。 点拨：这是一个多重复合句：1）主句是no one really knows,exactly when是know的宾语从句，这是为了强调而将宾语前置； 2） what在本句中引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，意为“所之事”。what用作代词，在意义上译法非常灵活，它可以指“的东西”“的人”“的时间”“的地点”等；在句法中可以作主语、宾语、表语，相当于定语从句中的“先行词+关系代词”。具体用法如下：,（1）指代“的东西”，意为“什么；多少；怎么；的；所的”，相当于something that。 You have to consider what you should do next. 你必须考虑下一步该做什么。 （2）指代“的人”，意为“的样子；面貌；状况”，相当于the person that/who。 In my opinion,you should owe your success mostly to your parents. 我认为你的成功主要归功于你的父母。 You are right.They have brought me up and made me what I am. 对，是他们把我培养成我现在的样子。,（3）指代“的地方”，相当于the place that。 A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. 一座现代化城市已在十年前还是一片荒地的地方建起了。 （4）指代“的时间”，相当于the time that。 After what seemed to be a long time, the soldier came back to life. 似乎过了很长时间之后，士兵苏醒了过来。,单句改错。 (1)What a mess! You are always so lazy. Im not to blame, mum. I am how you have made me. 解析：句意(答语)：不要怪我，妈妈。是你把我惯成这么懒，what引导表语从句，在从句中作宾语补足语。make sb.+宾补，使某人怎么样。 (2)Towards nightfall they arrived in which seemed like a valley. 解析：句意：傍晚时他们来到似乎像山谷的一个地方，which哪一个，表示疑问；what引导介词宾语从句，在从句中充当主语。,what,what,Point It is believed that sb./sth= sb./sth.is believed to It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.（教材P3） 人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。,点拨:It is believed that是一个常用句型，其中，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that从句。类似的结构还有：It is said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reportedthat 此句型可转化成：sb./sth.is said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reportedto do结构。注意不定式时态的变化。 据说罗伯特明天要出国学习。 It is said that Robert is going to study abroad tomorrow. Robert is said to study abroad tomorrow. （be said to do/to be done表示未来动作，意为“据说要做”。）,据报道这家银行昨天遭劫了。 It is said in the newspaper that the bank was robbed yesterday. The bank is said to have been robbed yesterday according to the newspaper. （be said to have done/have been done表示完成的动作，意为“据说做过了”。） 据说这儿正在建造一家新超市。 It is said that a new supermarket is being built here. A new supermarket is said to be being built here. （be said to be doing/be being done表示进行的动作，意为“据说正在做”。）,单句语法填空。 (1)His health, however, is in doubt. He is believed_(suffer) a stroke in 2012, and recent photos show a frail(虚弱的) man. (2)_is reported, a rebuilding project, announced cancelled two years ago, restarted after carefully being studied. 解析：句意：据报道，两年前宣布取消的那个重建项目，经过仔细研究又重新启动了。关键是reported后的逗号，as引导非限制性定语从句，代指后面句子的内容。,to have suffered,As,
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