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1112011-2012学年高一英语必修1（冀教版）素材（含教案和练习） Unit 5 LeteratureThe Dream Keeper（1）一. 教学内容：Unit 5 （I）二. 单元 重点词汇1. flight n. 飞行；逃走；飞越；飞机的航程；班机；追逐 The enemy are in the flight. 敌人正在逃跑。The flight was quite smooth. We had a very pleasant journey.飞行很顺利。我们的旅途十分愉快。 They made a successful flight across the ocean. 他们成功飞越大洋。2. puzzle n.难题；谜；（使）迷惑；（使）为难；迷惑不解 puzzle常用作及物动词，表示“使人对感到疑惑不解”；puzzling常表示事情的性质与特征，“使迷惑的，使莫名其妙的”；puzzled意为“感到莫名其妙的”。 The murder case continued to puzzle the police. 警方依然对凶杀案感到疑惑不解。 I felt puzzled and upset. What on earth did he want with me?我感到不解和不安。他究竟要我干什么? With a school record like yours Im puzzled why you didnt try for a university scholarship.以你这样的成绩，我很纳闷你为何没有努力争取大学奖学金。His face wore a puzzled expression. 他的脸上露出一副疑惑的表情。I find this affair very puzzling. 我觉得这事莫名其妙。3. average n平均；平均水平；平均数。adj. 一般的；通常的；vt.平均为；均分；使平衡；达到平均水平 The average of 3 and l0 and 5 is 6. 3，10和5的平均值为6。 He is about average in his lessons. 他的功课在班上属于中等水平。 He smokes twenty cigarettes a day on an average. 他平均每天吸20支烟。 On anthe average there are twenty boys in every class. 每班平均有20个男生。 The average age of the boys in this class is 16. 这个班男生的平均年龄为16岁。 The cost of my lunches averaged one dollar a day.我的午饭平均每天花费1美元。4. aware adj.知道的；明白的；意识到的 与of引起的短语连用表示“意识到、察觉到”。如： She was aware of the fact，but she could not face it yet. 她意识到这一事实，但是还不能正视它。 跟that从句。如： Everyone was aware that they were in danger. 大家都意识到他们处境危险。 与连接副词how连用。如： I was too sleepy to be aware how cold it was. 我太困了，察觉不到天有多冷。5. base n. 底部；基础；根据地；基地；本部；基数；（运动）出发点vt. 以作基础；基于常与介词on连用。如： I base my hope on the news we had yesterday. 我把希望建立在昨天所听到的信息上。 This novel is based on the historical facts. 这本小说以历史事实为依据。Marx went to England and made London the base of his revolutionary work. 马克思来到英国，把伦敦作为他从事革命工作的根据地。6. character n. （事物的（特性；性质；特征（的总和）；（人的）品质；字符；性格；特征；人物 vt. 写；刻；印；使具有特征What does her handwriting tell you about her character?通过她写的字，你看出了她什么性格? I dont like the character of the desert landscape.我不喜欢沙漠风光。 Mickey Mouse and Donald are both main characters of a Disney cartoon TV series. 米老鼠和唐老鸭都是一部迪斯尼动画片的主要角色。7. power n. 能力；力量；动力；权力 power可指能力、权力、体力、智力、操纵力、控制力、影响力、风力、水动力、核动力、电力等等。 Ill do everything in my power to help you. 我将尽我所能帮助你。His power is failing. That is to say he is becoming weak. 他的体力在下降，或者说他正在变得虚弱。This government came into power at the last election.这届政府在最后的选举中上台执政。The United States and Russia are world powers in international affairs.在国际事务中，美国和俄罗斯是世界大国。8. regular adj. 有规则的；有秩序的；经常的；合格的；定期的 regular breathing均匀的呼吸，a regular heart beat正常的心跳，regular teeth整齐的牙齿 a regular customer老主顾、常客，a regular offender惯犯，a regular soldier正规士兵9. scene n. 现场，场面；情景，景色；发生地点；（戏剧）一场；布景，道具布置 We came to the scene of the accident at once. 我们立刻赶到事故现场。It reminded us of the miserable scene of the big earthquake.这使我们想起了那场大地震的悲惨一幕。 We will go abroad for a change of scene. 我们将出国旅行换换风景。 Such are the lines of the Act 1，Scene 2 of Hamlet. 这是哈姆雷特第二场第一幕中的台词。10. host n. 主人，东道主；旅馆老板；（广播，电视的）节目主持人vt .（作主人或东道主），主办，主持；以主人身份招待 We are proud to get the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games. 我们为有机会做2008奥运会的东道主感到自豪。 Yesterday we were hosts to a few friends. 昨天我们招待了几位朋友。 We attended a dinner party hosted by the president of the company.我们参加了由公司总裁举行的聚餐会。重要句型：1. Know its root and you will understand its origin.(P. 57)了解了它的词根你就明白了它的词源。 祈使句+ andor句型相当于一个包含有条件状语的复合句。and前面的肯定祈使句相当于一个肯定的条件句，or前面的肯定祈使句相当于一个否定的条件句，or前面的否定祈使句相当于一个肯定的条件句；前面的祈使句有时可以是一个短语；or有时可用otherwise代替。如： Work hard, and you will be admitted to a key university. =If you work hard，you will be admitted to a key university. 努力吧，你会进入重点大学。 A bit more efforts，and the problems could be settled. =If you make a bit more efforts，the problems could be settled. 再加把劲，问题就解决了。 Come on time, or you wont see her. =If you dont come on time，you wont see her. 准时来，要不你见不到她。Dont have the machine running all the time, otherwise it will be out of order.=If you have the machine running all the time ,it will be out of order. 别让机器转个不停，要不它会坏掉的。 2. As with any good detective arriving on the crime scene, the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to assess the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand its meaning. (P. 57)如同任何一个来到犯罪现场的出色侦探，在遇到一个生僻词时首先要做的就是依据语境来判断哪些是已知，并且琢磨是否可以借助已知来推测生僻词的意思。 as with表示“正如一样”，是as it is the same with 的省略形式。如：As with drawing a picture, you should be patient and careful in doing that job.正如同画画一样，在做工作时应该既要有耐心，又要认真。As with other mental disorders, the most important part of treatment is to first identify the problem.正如其他心理失调一样，治疗的最重要方面就是首先确定问题所在。3. You usually find old and wise people sitting in the Senate.(P. 58)你通常发现上了年纪的智者是参议院的议员。 finddoing表示“发现在做”，doing作宾语补足语。能用于这一句型中的谓语动词除了find外还有feel，see，hear，notice，watch，keep，get，have等。如：Jefferson also found his memory failing.杰斐逊也发现他的记忆力不行了。Dont you feel the wind coming from the southeast?难道你没感觉出这是东南风吗?The lack of money keeps him working day and night.缺钱使他夜以继日地工作。How can I get the car starting? 我如何才能让这辆车启动呢?流行英语1. He is a walking encyclopedia. 他是一本活百科全书。 walking修饰物，表示具有一定能力和素质的人。译为：活的，能行走的。如： He lives like a walking skeleton. 他活得就像行尸走肉。Our English teacher is a walking dictionary.我们的英语老师是一本活字典。2. He is all wrapped up in “me”. 他被完全包裹在自我之中。 be wrapped in 表示完全处于某种境况之中，常含有因此而不顾及其他之意。如： She is wrapped up in her studies. 她埋头苦读。He sat by the fire place wrapped up in his thoughts. 他坐在壁炉旁沉思。3. If a person is egocentric, his thoughts might go something like this: I think only about me , I am an egocentric person. 如果一个人是以自我为中心的，他的思想多少会是这样的：我只考虑自己，我以自己为中心。 something like this 在这个短语something表示：或多或少，有点儿。如： She looks something like her mother. 她长得有点像她的妈妈。I became something impatient.我开始有些不耐心了。4. One thing is for sure，there would be thousands of new words for him to learn. 有一点可以肯定，他需要学数以千计的词汇。One thing is for sure. 有一点可以肯定。如：Students may learn English in different ways. But one thing is for sure，all of them need to build a large vocabulary.学生可以以多种方式学习英语，但有一点是肯定的，不论哪一种方法都必须掌握大量词汇。either，neither，both，all, each，every，none等不定代词的用法1. all和both的用法all和both相对应。all表示三者或三者以上；both表示两者。all可以用作代词、形容词或副词，用作代词时可用作单数，也可作复数。all表示“每件事物，一切(everything)”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不都是金子。Alls well that ends well.结局好，一切好。all在表示“所有的人”，并作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：All are present. Let s begin. 大家都到齐了，咱们开始吧!All are welcome.欢迎大家。形容词的all表示三者或三者以上“都，全部”，后接不可数名词或可数名词复数形式。如：All roads lead to Rome.条条大道通罗马。All the oil has run out.所有的油全都用光了。both与all一样，可用作代词、形容词或副词，但both只用于两个人或两件事物，只用在复数名词前，而且必须后接复数形式的动词，意思是“两者都”。Both her children go to the same school.她的两个孩子在同一个学校读书。The twins are both good at singing pop songs.这对双胞胎流行歌曲唱得都很好。2. none和neither的用法none和neither相对应。前者“表示三者或三者以上的人或事都不”；而后者表示“两者都不”。none意思是“都不，一个也没有”，可以用来代替人或物，在句中可以作主语、宾语，可以和of搭配；作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数或复数；用于回答以 “How many” “How much”开头的特殊疑问句。 None havehas arrived. 还没有人到来。（作主语，指人） None has been found. 什么也没有找到。（作主语，指物）I wanted some more orange juice，but there was none (of the orange juice) left.我想再喝点橘汁，可是一点儿没有了。None of us is perfect; we all make mistakes.人无完人；我们都会犯错误。 How many students have finished reading the book?多少同学看完了这本书? None. 一个也没有。neither用于表示“两者都不”，可代替人或物，在句中可以作主语、宾语及定语，可以和of搭配；作主语时，谓语动词常用单数也可用复数。如：Neither book is satisfactory. 两本书都令人不满意。He took neither side in the quarrel.在争吵中他不参加任何一方。Which of the books did you like ? Neither (of them)! They were both dull.你喜欢哪本书?都不喜欢!两本都很枯燥。Neither of the two boys has passed the geography examination.两个男孩子没有一个地理考试及格。Neither of my parents is / are a doctor.我的父母都不是医生。3. either和any的用法在表示两者或三者中的“任何一个，随便一个”时，这两个单词相对应。either表示“两者之间的任何一个”，在句中可单独使用或后接of短语。如：There is coffee or tea. You can have either.咖啡、茶你可以任选一种。Is either of the sisters coming? 这俩姐妹俩有哪个要来吗?You can sit on either side of the boat if you keep still.如果你不乱动的话，你可坐在船的任何一端。Do you speak Germany or Italian? 你讲德语还是意大利语?I dont speak either(of the two languages). 我都不会。Im afraid that either of them will not agree to this arrangement .我担心他们两人都不会同意这样的安排的。any表示“三者之间的任何一个”。Do(es) any of you know his address?你们中间有谁知道他的地址吗?Ill help any student( any of the students ) to learn this subject well.我将帮助每个学生学好这门功课。 4. either和each的用法either表示“两者中的任何一个”；而each表示“两者或三者及三者以上中的每一个”。如：You can take either of the two tickets. 这儿有两张票，你可以随便拿一张。Each of the students has a dictionary. 每个学生都有本字典。5. every和each的用法every只能用作形容词，表示“每一个”，侧重整体，不能与of搭配，只能用于总数是两个以上的人或事物，它的代词形式为everyone，everybody，everything。如：Every student in the class is here today.今天每一位学生都到了。All the students are here today.今天所有的学生都到了。在第一个句子中，我们用every student把学生们作为一个整体来看待；而在第二个句子中，我们说all the students，我们考虑的是组成这一整体的许许多多个体的学生。We were attacked on every side.=We were attacked on all sides. 我们遭到来自四面八方的袭击。I enjoyed every minute of this performance.我自始至终欣赏这场演出。each可以作代词或限定性形容词，表示“每一个”，强调个体，可以用来表示两个或两个以上的人或事物，可以和of搭配。注意each在句中的位置：Each of the teachers has a computer. = The teachers each have a computer.= The teachers have a computer each.教师们每人一台电脑。透视单元重点，点击高考1. compared with【点拨】compared with/ to “与比较起来”。例如：Compared with / to other girls, she was lucky.【短语拓展】compare with“把和相比较”；例如：I carefully compared my answers with my teachers. compareto把比作。例如： Poets often compare sleep to death. compare notes with sb.与某人交换看法或意见。例如：They compared notes on the problem.【点击高考】_ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004 湖北)A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared【解析】答案是D。句中the biggest ocean 和 compare是被动关系，所以要用被动形式。When compared是省略形式，就等于When it is compared。【巩固练习】_ to with many girls, Mary was indeed very good in drawing.A. To compare B. To be compared C. Comparing D. Compared答案：D2. as though【点拨】as though= as if 好像，似乎。可以引导方式状语从句或表语从句。从句的语气可以用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。如：It looks as if we will be late.看起来我们好像会迟到。She always talks to me as if she were my sister. 她总是以我妹妹的语气和我说话。【点击高考】）When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.（NMET 1995）A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken【解析】答案是C。as if 在句中引导一个表语从句，表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时。【思维拓展】形似词组：even if / even though 即使，尽管。例如：We have decided to visit the school even though it rains tomorrow.【巩固练习】(1) We wont give up we should fail ten times.A. even if B. since C. whether D. until(2) he was badly ill, she was always looking after him willingly.A. Even B. As if C. Even though D. However答案：(1) A (2) C3. 状语从句中的省略【点拨】含有when, while ,until, if, unless, once, before等引导的状语从句的主从复合句中，若从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中谓语动词有be的某种形式，从句中的主语及部分谓语（be动词）可以省略。例如：Be careful when crossing the street. Some students like studying while listening to the tape.【点击高考】When_ , the museum will be open to the public next year.(2002上海)A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed【解析】答案是A。这是一个省略句，从句省略了the museum is。原句是：When the museum is completed, the museum will。【巩固练习】用括号里所给的动词的适当形式填空：(1) When _ (work) with the workers, we learned a lot from them.(2) When _ (ask) , he always gives good advice.(3) He will not go the party unless _.(invite)(4) The research can not be stopped once_. (begin)答案：(1)working (2)asked (3) invited (4) began4. 代/名+介词+which引导的定语从句 【点拨】这样的定语从句一般是非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作介词的宾语，代指前面的物或事。例如：They all come from the USA, most of whom are scientists.他们都来自美国，大部分是科学家。We had a meeting, the purpose of which was completely unclear. 我们开了一个会，会议的内容还不完全清楚。【点击高考】Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.(2002上海)A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose【解析】答案是B。这是一个非限制性定语从句，the price of which指代花瓶的价格，等于whose price。【巩固练习】(1)There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high.(2004 湖北)A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger are that D. the larger of which(2)The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%_ are sold abroad.(2004辽宁)A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that答案：(1) D (2) A 5. ing作状语【点拨】动词的-ing形式作状语时，应该注意以下三个方面：（1）分词表示的是句子主语发出的动作；（2）分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作或状态是同时发生或先后发生；（3）分词表示的是次要的动作，一般是对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明。常用来表示伴随、原因、时间和结果等。例如：He often sits on the sofa, watching TV. （伴随）The bell which indicated the end of the class rang, interrupting our heated discussion. （结果）【巩固练习】用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空(1) _ so poor in those days, they couldnt afford to send their son to school.(be)(2) _ out of the room, he found the boy still there.(walk)(3) His wife died in 1990, _ him two children.(leave)(4) They stood there for an hour, _ the game.(watch)答案：(1) Being (2) Walking (3) leaving (4) watching词语辨析1. sometimes, sometime, some time 和some times 四个词的区别。sometime 是副词，意思是：在某时。表示不确定的时间，可以与将来时也可以与过去时连用；sometimes是频度副词，意思是：偶尔，有时。常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用；some time是名词词组，意思是：一段时间。常指将来；some times是名词词组，意思是：几次，几倍。【例句】I usually go to school on foot, but sometimes I go to school by bike. I saw him sometime last winter. She will stay in Beijing for some time. I met him some times in the street last week.2. if only与only if的区别if only的意思是：但愿，要是就好了。常引导虚拟语气。only if的意思是：只要。引导陈述语气的真实条件句。【例句】Only if you study word, you will pass the exam. If only I had not been late yesterday.3. be about to do, be to do 与be going tobe about to do 表示即将发生的动作，不表示按计划安排的活动，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。be going to 表示“打算/计划做某事”，它表示按计划安排要发生的事或者有迹象表明某事要发生。be to do 表示“按计划或打算要做的事”或者表示“要求、命令、禁止、注定等”。它所表示的动作是事先安排好的受到人的主观意识的控制。【例句】He was about to leave when the telephone rang. It is going to rain. You are to do your homework in ink.4. like与as做介词时的区别like与as它们两个都可以做介词用。但like的意思是：像；类似；后接名词、代词或动名词。而as的意思是：作为，当作，当某人是（某身份）时。【例句】Ive always wanted a garden like yours. As a child, he lived in India.5. take, spend, cost与pay的区别spend 的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是“钱、精力、时间等”，其后用on+名词或者in + doing，in可以省略。cost 的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用，耗费”，后接life , money, health, time , money等，侧重于“花费”的代价。 take 表示“花费”时，其主语一般是“一件事”，通常用it做形式主语。pay 的意思是“支付”，宾语可以是“人、钱”等，常和介词for搭配。【例句】The money he spent on the books added up to 500 yuan.It took me five hours to finish the work.The money I paid for the clothes was 800 yuan.How much did it cost ?【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）一、请从每道题的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。1. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge?It will _ fresh for several days.A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed2. Its time they_ to school.A. go B. will go C. went D. have gone3. I was having _ time that I didnt want to leave.A. such a nice B. so nice C. such nice a D. such nice4. They stood beside the teacher, with their eyes_ what the teacher was doing.A. focus on B. focusing on C. focused on D. to focus on5. The students in this college are all taking courses a degree.A. devoting to B. turning to C. leading to D. sticking to6. She moved back home to _ her elderly parents.A. take care B. care for C. care about D. with care7. He is just _ because the girl he likes is here.A. showing up B. showing off C. showing his face D. showing around8. You cant imagine the trouble the doctor had_ the wounded child.A. saved B. to save C. saving D. save9. The traveler _ a tent for the night.A. put down B. put up C. put on D. put off10. He plays football_, if not better than his brother.A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as二、根据中文提示，填写所缺单词。1. The trees cast an intricate _（图案）of shadows on the ground.2. During the second day we also had some _（句型，方式）drills based on the dialogue in our class.3. He is a _（模范，榜）of what a good student should be.4. She made a dress according to the dress _（模型，底样，纸样）.5. There are many wallpaper _（样品，样本）in the shop to choose from.6. He has a job _（面试，面谈）for the manager next week.7. As a reporter, he often has an _（记者采访，访谈）with some important people.8. We have _（对某人进行面试或面谈（动词）ten people for the job, but none is fit for it.9. Next week, I will _（媒体）采访，访问（动词）Zhang Yimou about his latest movie.三、下列各句中均有一个错误，请找出并改正。1. She looks very pretty on the skirt.2. He studied deep into the night before the day in which he would have an exam.3. As a child , he couldnt join a school because of the poorness of his family.4. At the age of 20, he set out to make a living like a teacher after graduating from college.5. As the whole, your passage is quite good.6. He often sleeps with the windows widely open.7. He is such a good teacher that we all respect and love.8. It is many colder than yesterday.9. The plan made up five parts sounded good.10. Tom along with his parents are going to visit the Great Wall next week.四、从括号中选择短语，并用其适当形式填空。(make use of, too many， in addition, a great / good many, make sense, stand out, Many a， take ones breath away, too much, pull through, take care, as many as, work away , hear from, at ease, as much as)1. He likes talking on and on, so I never feel_ with him.2. It _ to buy the most up-to-date edition of the dictionary.3. My first view of the Great Wall from the air _.4. It is suggested that the ability_ the online educational resources is a basic skill a student should possess.5. The task is going to be tough but we will _ it together.6. He _ not to let anyone know that he failed the driving test.7. He _ at the job as soon as he had lunch.8. Yao Ming always _ in the crowd because of his height.9. How often do you_ your sister ?10. He was made to work 16 hours a day and beaten_. 11.This little fish will grow to huge size, _ three feet.12. There were _ fifty foreign students visiting our school yesterday.13. I dont want _ of them. Six will be enough.14. She is afraid that the trip will be _ for her old mother.15. I recognized her at the first sight because Ive known her for _ years.16. _ good man has been destroyed by drink.五、介词填空：请选择适当的介词填空。1. In order to change attitudes_ study, our school is bringing in some new methods.A. about B. of C. towards D. on2. Im sorry its _ my power to make a final plan.A. over B. above C. of D. beyond3. The sunlight came in_ the window and up my room.A. through B. across C. on D. in4. My plane leaves at 6, so I have to be at the airport_ half past five at the latest.A. until B. after C. around D. by5. _ the time going on, he becomes better and better at the job.A. As B. For C. With D. Through六、请从每道题的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。1. I know it isnt important but I cant help_ about it.A. to think B. thinking C. but to think D. but thinking2. There is no _ that we can get there on time.A. affair B. doubt C. matter D. problem3. The story is_ worth_.A. good; being listened B. well; listening C. well; to be listened D. well; being listened4. If only I _ to my teachers advice!A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listened5. He is _ a teacher to us. Besides, he is a good friend of ours.A. more than B. no more than C. less than D. no less than6. What is happening? I feel the ground _!A. move B. to move C. movi
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