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111一结构had +done二概念 及 用法1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。 1) When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 2) He had left when I arrived. 1）.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。1) She told me that she had written a new novel. 2) I found the watch which I had lost. 2）过去完成时常与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already，yet，still，just，before，never 等时间副词及 by，before，until 等引导的短语或从句连用。1) Before she came to China, Amy had taught English in a middle school for about five years. 2) Tom had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was seven. 2.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。 1) By the end of last year, my father had worked in the factory for twenty years. 2) By six oclock he had worked eleven hours. 到6点钟时他就已经工作了11小时。3.过去完成时还可用于某些固定结构中（1）动词think, want, suppose hope, wish, expect, intend, mean, plan,等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。1) I had wanted to help but could not get there in time.2) They had hoped to be able to come and see you.（2）hardly when , no sooner than , 1) Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.。 2) No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.（3）It was the first (second) time (that) It was the second time that she _ (see) her grandfather3) It was the third time that she had been out of work that year.（4）It was时间since主语过去完成时。It was 3 years since we _(leave) China.（5）It was the best film I _(see).（6）wish后 接宾语从句在表过去时态用 had done How he wishes that he _ (pass) the exam last term. 现在完成时与过去完成时的区别现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。 1) I have cleaned the classroom.2) They have lived here for twenty years.3) We have lived in Beijing since we came China.过去完成时则主表示过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。 1) Mr Smith had lived in London for ten years before he came to China.2) We had learned 2000 words by the end of last term. Exx: 一、单项填空1. When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother _already _to hospital. A. has; been sent B. had; sent C. has; sent D. had; been sent2. The students _ several new English songs by the end of last term. A. had learned B.learned C. have learned D. will have learned 3. Lu Mei told me she _breakfast, so she was very hungry after having two classes.A. has had B. hasnt have C. have had D. hadnt had4. Hardly _ to the bus stop when the bus left, which drove them crazy. A did they get B they got C had they got D has they got5. She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home. A has left; comes B had left; would come C had left; came D left; had come 6. Mr. Black said that it was at least ten years since he _a good drink. A had enjoyed B was enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying7. I _ to catch the first train but I got up too late this morning.A. hoping B. had hoped C. has hoped D. would hope8. Dr. Brown was very disappointed that one third of the guests _ when he _ at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived9. Tom first met me 10 years ago. I_ in a radio factory at that time.A. had worked B. have worked C. was working D. has been working10. - What _ when I phoned you? - I _ my work, and wanted to go out for a walk. A. have you done; finished B. were you doing; have finished C. did you do; had just finished D. were you doing; had just finished11. It is very clear that you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out.A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing12. - We _ that you would fix the TV set this week. - Im sorry. I _ to fix it this week, but Ive been too busy.A. had expected; had intended B. are expecting; had intendedC. expect; intend D. expected; intend13. -Alice came back home the day before yesterday. -Really? Where _?A. has she been B. had she been C. has she gone D. had she gone14. Mr. Li and I are familiar with each other; we _ to each other at an international conference.A. are introduced B. are being introducedC. were introduced D. had been introduced15. - Did he notice you enter the room?- I dont think so. He _ to the radio with his eyes shut.A. listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened16. Tom and Jack met again in the street that day. They _each other for nearly two years since. A. didnt see B. hadnt seen C. havent seen D. havent been seen17. -Jane, do you still remember the first time we met?-Of course I do. You _ in the library.A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read18. A lot of my friends want to buy that kind of cloth because they _ the cloth _ well.A. have told; washes B. have been told; washesC. was told; washed D. have been told; is washed19. The young professor talked for about nearly two hours yesterday. Never _ him talk so much. A.I heard B. did I hear C.I had heard D. had I heard20. Ms Wang _ to the office than she got down to writing the report.A. has no sooner got B. had hardly got C. no sooner got D. had no sooner got21. My dictionary _. I have looked for it everywhere but still _it.A. has lost; dont find B. is missing; dont findC. has lost; havent found D. is missing; havent found22. - Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour? - Of course. What is it? - I _ if you could take me to the station.A. would wonder B. did wonder C. was wondering D. had wondered23. -Hi, Liu Tao. I dropped in at your house at about ten last night, but you werent in. -Oh, I _ regular exercise at the club.A. did B. was doing C. had done D have been doing24. All the policemens attention was suddenly caught by a small dusty box which_ placed in the corner of the room. A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be25. By the time I got home yesterday, my husband _ cooking the dinner. A. had finished B. finished C. has finished D. finishes26. My friend asked me whether it was the first time that I _ skiing. A. went B. has gone C. had gone D. would go 27. To everyones surprise, Mr Smiths son spent much more money than he _ on the journey. A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned28. If he _ to the meeting yesterday, I would have met him. A. had come B. came C. would come D. was coming29. I was late for the interview yesterday. I _ the road to be so crowded. A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. wasnt expecting D. hadnt expected30. -How long had the hotel _ fire when the firemen got there? -For an hour or so.A. caught B. been caught C. been on D. been catching二、用所给动词的正确形式填空1 By the time we got to the airport, the plane _ (take) off.2 The children _ (have) the book for two weeks before they returned it to the library.3 He _ (study) English for five years before he came here.4 When I woke up this morning, I found that it _ (stop) snowing. 5 The boy _ (not watch) the movie because he had watched it twice.6 Kate told me that it was the second time that she _ (go) skating.7 When Jim _ (come) to China two years ago, he found people didnt understand him at all though he _(learn) some Chinese in his own country.8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _ (not see) each other since we left Beijing.9 If you _ (work) harder, you would have passed the examination.10 No sooner had we got there than it _ (begin) to rain.三、中译英1. 当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始十分钟了。2. 他们本来计划在上个周末前到达中国的。3. 火车开出之前，所有的参观者就已经到了车站。4. 我告诉了我美国的朋友在过去的三十年里中国发生了巨大的变化。5. 我原以为这是他第一次迟到。 111
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