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111Unit 1Great教 材 面 面 观单词拓展1._vt. & vi.结束；推断出_n结论；结束2_vt.分析_n分析，报告_n分析家；化验员_adj.分析的，分解的3_vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加_n出席；照顾_n服务员；出席者；随从4_vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光_adj.暴露的_n说明；讲解；曝露；显露；曝光5_n挑战；vt.向挑战6_vt.吸收；吸引；使专心_n吸收器_adj.可吸收的_adj.注意力集中的；专心一意的7_vt.怀疑；n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯_adj.可疑的8_adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的_adv.严重地，剧烈地9_vt.责备；谴责；n.过失；责备_adj.无可责难的；无过错的10_vt.污染；弄脏_n污染11_vt.宣布；通告_n播音员；宣告者_n宣告；发表12_vt.命令；指示；教导_n教员；教练；指导员_n(对知识的)教授；传授13_vt.建设；修建_n建设；建筑物14_vt. & vi.捐献；贡献；捐助_n贡献；捐献；捐助；捐献物_n投稿者；捐助者15_vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃_n拒绝；抵制；抛弃；驳回；否决短语回顾1._forward提出2expose._ 使显露；暴露3apart_ 除之外；此外4_sense 讲得通；有意义5_a conclusion 得出结论6link._. 将和联系或 连接起来7_room for 为腾地方8be to_ 应受谴责，应负责任9slow_ 减速10look_ 调查句型背诵1.A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water so much that she had had it _ from the pump to her house every day.有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。2_ prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined.为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检验。3So many thousands of terrified people died_ _there was an outbreak.每次(霍乱)爆发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。4_if you put the sun there_the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。自我诊断单词拓展1conclude；conclusion2.analyse；analysis；analyst；analytic3attend；attendance；attendant4.expose；exposed；exposition5challenge6.absorb；absorber；absorbable；absorbed7.suspect；suspectable8.severe；severely9.blame；blameless10pollute；pollution11.announce；announcer；announcement12instruct；instructor；instruction13.construct；construction14contribute；contribution；contributor15.reject；rejection短语回顾1put2.to3.from4.make5.draw6.to7.make8.blame9.down10.into句型背诵1delivered2.To3.every time4.Only；did考 点 串 串 讲重点单词1.absorb vt.吸引；吸收；使专心；使全神贯注；把并入，同化absorb ones attention吸引某人注意Dry earth absorbs water quickly.干土吸水很快。They absorbed a great deal of the Roman culture.他们大量地吸收了罗马文化。International affairs absorb his attention.他专心研究国际问题。The large firm absorbed the small ones.那家大公司吞并了那些小公司。用法拓展absorbed adj.精神集中的be absorbed in全神贯注于上be absorbed by为所吸收absorbing adj.十分吸引人的absorption n吸收；专心致志He had an absorbed look on his face.他脸上一副专注的表情。I was so absorbed in the book that I didnt hear you come in.我出神地看这本书，连你进来也没听见。The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city.周围的村庄并入了日益扩展的城市。Last night we saw an absorbing film.昨天晚上我们看了一部引人入胜的影片。即境活用单项填空 _ in her new novel, the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study.AHaving deeply absorbedBDeeply absorbingCDeeply having been absorbedDDeeply absorbed答案：D2expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临expose sth./sb./oneself to.显露或暴露某事物/某人/自己be exposed to暴露于He exposed the plan to the newspapers.他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。His skin is exposed to the sun.他的皮肤暴露在阳光下。用法拓展exposed adj.无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的exposure n显露；暴露；揭露；曝光The cottage is in a very exposed position at the top of the hill.那小屋位于山顶毫无遮蔽之处。Exposure of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful.身体受烈日暴晒会造成损伤。即境活用单项填空_ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(变异体) of genes in human bodies.ABeing exposedBHaving exposedCExposedDAfter being exposed答案：A3defeat n&v.击败；战胜；使失败；挫折Our hopes were defeated.我们的希望破灭了。We defeated the other team by 10 points.我们以10分的优势击败对手。The football team suffered a defeat.该足球队被击败了。用法拓展defeat sb.战胜/难住某人defeat sb. by 4 points/by 3 goals to 2以4分/3比2打败某人defeat the plan使计划失败suffer a serious defeat严重受挫admit defeat承认失败易混辨析defeat，conquer，overcome，beat与windefeat指“赢得胜利”，尤其指“军事上的胜利”。如：defeat the enemy打败敌人conquer指“征服、胜利”，特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”。如：conquer nature征服自然overcome指“战胜、压倒、克服”，尤指“感情”而言。如：overcome difficulties克服困难beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词，与defeat常可换言。如：We beat their team by 10 points.我们赢得了他们队十分。win指“赢得”，win的宾语通常是“比赛、战争、奖品”。如：win the match/prize/ones heart赢得比赛/奖品/某人的心即境活用单项填空We_the game last Sunday and finally_the match.Adefeated；wonBwon；wonCbeat；defeated Dwon；beat翻译句子正是最后一个问题难住了我。_资金的缺乏使他们的计划失败了。_答案：AIt was the last question that defeated me.The lack of money defeated their plan.4complete adj.全部的；完全的；完成的vt.完成；使完善He is a complete stranger to me.我一点也不认识他。Work on the office building will be completed at the end of this year.办公大楼将于今年年底竣工。Shes just completed a masters degree in law.她刚读完法律硕士学位。用法拓展a complete idiot/failure十足的傻子/失败者the complete works of.的作品全集complete with装备有，具有complete a form/questionnaire填表格/填写问卷completely adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地易混辨析accomplish，complete与finish三者都含“完成”的意思。accomplish通常接task，aim，journey，voyage等名词，有时兼有“达成(效果)”之意。如：The explorers accomplished the voyage in five weeks.探险队在五周内完成了航程。complete比accomplish具体，可接建筑、工程、书籍等名词，指“按预期目的把未完成的工作经过进一步的努力使之完成”，主要是指“补足缺少的部分”。如：The building will be completed by the end of this month.这座楼于本月底建成。finish在许多情况下可与complete换用，但不及complete正式，finish后面可接名词或动名词，往往带有反面的意味，如“用完、吃完”等。如：After we had finished eating，we set out immediately.我们吃完后，立刻出发。即境活用单项填空If the building project_by the end of month is delayed，the construction company will be fined.Abeing completed Bis completedCto be completed Dcompleted完成句子Their engagement came as_(令我大吃一惊)The students have just_(完成课程)答案：Ca complete surprise to mecompleted their course5attend vt.出席；参加；照顾；护理Will you attend the wedding ceremony tomorrow?你要参加明天的结婚典礼吗？I have an urgent matter to attend to.我有一件紧急的事要处理。用法拓展attend to sth.处理；办理；专心于；仔细考虑attend(to/on)sb.照顾，照料、护理某人attend to/on the wounded护理伤员attend a meeting/lecture/wedding参加会议/听报告/参加婚礼attend school去上学attendance n出席，到场attendant n侍者，服务员Could you attend to this matter immediately?你能不能立刻处理这件事？Attend to your work and stop talking.专心于工作，不要谈话。May good luck attend you!祝你好运！There is a nurse attending to/on his needs.有个护士照顾他。易混辨析take part in/join/join in/attendtake part in参加，参与。通常指参加某项集体性活动，并在其中起积极的作用。可指参加工作、活动、学习。join指加入某组织或团体，并成为其中一员。join in有“参加活动，一起做某事”之意，意义上相当于take part in，其中in可以作介词，也可以作副词。作介词时，其后接所做的事情。attend作“参加”讲时，宾语通常为meeting，lecture，funeral，ceremony，party，school等。We often take part in the afterclass activities.我们经常参加课外活动。He joined the Youth League in 2007.他于2007年加入共青团。We all joined in the competition.我们都参加了这次比赛。Will you join us in the game?你能和我们一起做游戏吗？Mike enjoys playing bridge and attending movies.迈克喜欢打桥牌、看电影。即境活用单项填空Was yesterdays conference successful?Not really.The number of_was much smaller than we had expected.Apeople who attend Bpeople attendedCpeople attending Dpeople attend答案：C6cure n治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗An effective cure for cancer has not yet been found.还没有找到治疗癌症的有效方法。That fatal disease cannot be cured.那种致命的疾病治不好。This medicine will cure your headache.这种药可以治疗你的头疼。用法拓展表示“治疗的方法”时，后接介词for。表示“治愈，治疗”，主语可以是人或物，宾语可以是人或病。cure sb. of sth.治好(某人的病，恶习)Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?迄今为止癌症有有效的治疗方法吗？A few days rest will cure you.休息几天，你的病就好了。The medicine will cure your cough.这药可治好你的咳嗽。易混辨析cure，treat和healcure和treat：cure意为“治愈”，侧重结果；可构成cure sb. of sth.句型；treat意为“治疗”，强调治疗的过程；常用treat sb. for sth.结构。cure和heal：cure常指治疗疾病、痛苦，或革除恶习、弊害等；heal指治愈伤口尤其是灼伤，使愈合或恢复正常。This medicine will cure soon.这个药很快能奏效。They treated him with a new drug but it didnt work.他们用一种新药治疗他的疾病，但没有效果。He cured his son of the bad habit.他使儿子去除了那种不良习惯。The wound has been healed.创伤已经治好了。即境活用单项填空A spell in the army will cure him_his laziness.Aof BinCfrom DagainstSARS is an illness that can result in death unless left_in time.Ato treat BtreatingCtreated Dtreat答案：AC7conclude vt.&vi.断定，推断；使结束，终止用法拓展conclude sth.(from sth.)/conclude(from sth.)that.(由)推断，断定出conclude sth. with sth./by doing sth.以结束draw/arrive at/come to/reach a conclusion得出结论in conclusion最后；总之即境活用单项填空After thinking long and hard about it，weve_that the right decision is to move to Chicago.Aknown BrecognizedCconcluded Dinsisted答案：C句意为：经过长期考虑之后，我们断定迁往芝加哥是正确的决定。conclude“推断，断定”，符合题意。A项“知道，了解”；B项“认出”；D项“坚持”，均不符合题意。8blame vt.责备；谴责；把归咎于n过失；责备The children were not to blame.孩子们不应受到谴责。Its wrong to lay the blame on him for delaying.把延误的责任归咎于他是不对的。用法拓展(1)blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因而指责某人(2)blame sth. on sb.pin/put/lay the blame on sb.把某事归咎于某人身上(3)bear/take/accept/get the blame for sth.(对某事)承担责任(4)be to blame (for sth.)应受责备；对某事应负责任(主动表被动)(5)blameful adj.该受责备的；有过错的(6)blameless adj.无可责难的；无过错的We blamed him for his careless driving.我们责怪他开车不小心。They blame the failure on Mary.他们把失败归咎于玛丽。He is to blame in his matter.他应该对这件事负责。If you fail the exam, you will only have yourself to blame.你若考试失败，只能怪自己。易混辨析blame，scold，accuse与punish(1)blame指责，埋怨，归咎于，有时含责骂之意。(2)scold多指上级对下级，长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言辞激烈的数落而不是用肮脏语言骂人。(3)accuse语气比blame强，本义为“归罪”，也可指非难或谴责之意。(4)punish表示因做错了事情而惩罚，侧重于采取手段惩罚。She was in no way to blame.决不应该责备她。If I walk in with muddy boots, Mum always scolds me.我的靴子上要是有泥巴，一进屋妈妈就会数落我。即境活用单项填空The mother didnt know who _ for the broken glass as it happened.Ato blameBto be blamedCblamed Dis to be blamed_ his age, he did it quite well, so dont _ him any more.AGiven; blame BConsidered; sayCTo regard; scold DConsidering; speak答案：AA9handle n柄；把手vt.处理；操纵She is good at handling children.她很会带小孩子。He learnt how to handle an axe.他学着使用斧子。Handle the glasses with care.这些玻璃杯要小心轻放。The car handles easily/badly.这车易/难开。用法拓展(1)handle an aeroplane/the machine操纵飞机/开机器(2)handle business/the job/the household经营商业/处理工作/处理家务(3)handle the situation应对局势(4)handle the traffic指挥交通(5)handle with care！小心轻放！(6)give sb. a handle (against oneself)授人以柄即境活用单项填空As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to _ the problem.Ahandle BraiseCface Dpresent答案：A10link v连接，联系nC联系，纽带，链环A love of nature links the two poets.对大自然的热爱把这两位诗人连在一起了。The pipe must be linked to the cold water supply.这个管子必须与冷水供应相连接。For elderly people, TV is a vital link with the outside world.对老年人来说，电视是一个与外界联系的重要纽带。用法拓展(1)link.to.将和连接起来(这个短语常用于被动语态：be linked to)。(2)a link between A and BA与B之间的联系(3)a link with的联系(4)be linked with和联系(5)link up把连接起来；连接；结合Some birth defects are linked to smoking during pregnancy.有些婴儿的生理缺陷与母亲怀孕期间抽烟有关。All these PCs are linked up to the network.所有这些个人电脑都与网络相连。即境活用单项填空The two spacecrafts will _ in orbit.Alink toBbe linked upClink up Dbe linked to答案：B11announce vt.宣布，通告The government announced its new economic policies.政府发布了新的经济政策。用法拓展(1)announce vt.发表，告知，宣布；宣布(某人的名字、到达等)；(事情、迹象)显示，预告(2)announce(to sb.)sth./that.宣布/发布某事(3)It is announced that.据称(4)announcer n广播员，解说员，节目主持人(5)announcement n公告，布告，通告The news was announced to the public on TV.这则消息经由电视向公众宣布。His servant announced Mr and Mrs White.他的仆人通报怀特夫妇驾临。The bright flowers announced that spring was here.鲜艳的花朵告诉人们春天已经到来。易混辨析announce和declare(1)announce指正式地“公开，发表，宣布”；侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。如书籍的出版，物品的发售，人的生死，婚姻，暴风雨和危险的来临等。(2)declare指正式地、明确地向公众“通告；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战，议和，宣判，戒严等等。the Declaration of Independence独立宣言John announced to us his engagement to Mary.约翰向我们宣布他和玛丽订婚的消息。They have declared war on the aggressive country.他们已经向入侵国家宣战。即境活用单项填空John announced _ his friends his engagement _ Miss White.A/；toBto; toC/；with Dto；with答案：B重点短语1.contribute to 捐助；捐献；贡献；投稿；促进The couple always contribute food and clothing for the relief of the poor.这对夫妇常常捐助食品和衣物救济贫民。He contributes regularly to a physics journal.他经常向一家物理杂志投稿。Exercise contributes to better health.锻炼能促成更强健的体魄。归纳延伸contribute sth. to/towards.捐献，捐助，投稿contribution n贡献，贡献物make a contribution to/towards捐献，贡献即境活用翻译句子多种因素导致了他的失败。_那位演员亲自捐了100万美元给地震基金。_她给这家杂志撰写了一些稿件。_答案：Different factors contribute to his failure.The actor personally contributed 1 million dollars to the earthquake fund.She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.2put forward 放出；拿出；提出；推举出They put forward the suggestion.他们提出建议。As usual, the old man put the old clock forward every month.像往常一样，这位老人每月把这只旧钟表调快。Shall we put Mr Willinton forward as the candidate for chairman of the committee?我们提名惠灵顿先生作为委员会主席的候选人，好吗？用法拓展put forward sth.提出(建议，计划等)put a clock/watch forward把钟/表调快put oneself/ones name forward自荐/提名某人为易混辨析put away储存备用；储蓄(put by)；吃掉；喝掉put aside节省(钱、时间)；储蓄；撇开；置之不理；把放在一边put back拨回；向后移；推迟；延期；搁置；拖延put down写下；记下；控制；击败；平定；取缔put off延期；推迟；推托；使 气馁；关掉；避开；使转换方向put on假装；伪装；增加；添上；表演；演出；上演(戏剧)；穿上；戴上put out扑灭；困扰；麻烦(某人)；生产；出产；出版put up举起；抬起；张开(伞)；张贴；公布；接待；为提供食宿；提供(资金)；供应(某事所需之钱)；表现出；显示出put up with忍耐；受苦即境活用单项填空The reform project_by Mr. White is being discussed at the meeting now.Athat is put forwardBto be put forwardChas been put forwardDput forwardIf any man here does not agree with me，he should_his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.Aput on Bput outCput in Dput forwardWeve put the wedding forward_one week.Aon BbyCto Dwithin答案：DDB3take up开始(学习或从事等)；继续；占去(时间或空间)；接纳(乘客等)，接受(挑战，建议，条件等)；提出(商讨)，讨论He dropped medicine and took up physics.他放弃学医，开始学物理。We took up our journey the next day.第二天我们继续赶路。The table takes too much room.这桌子太占地方了。用法拓展take是一个非常活跃的动词，常见的词组有：take in收留；领会；理解；欺骗；吸收take part(in)参加take back收回；使回想起take off脱下；起飞；开始成功take for认为；误认为take.as.把理解为take over接管，接任take out带出去；去掉；扣除take apart拆开take the lead领先take after与相像；追赶/捕take on开始雇佣；呈现take down取下；记下；拆卸take place发生take a seat坐下take it easy别着急take your time不着急；慢慢来take away拿走；夺走即境活用单项填空For a long time I had wanted to_writing as my career.Atake off Btake onCtake up Dtake inThis chapter_where the last one left off.Amakes up Btakes upCbrings up Dlooks upThe company decided to_a new secretary.Atake back Btake offCtake on Dtake up答案：CBC4apart from除之外；此外用法拓展表示“除之外(还有)”相当于besides。表示“除之外(别无)”相当于except。此外，除掉(相当于except for)。apart from也可以表示“脱离开”。Apart from you，I had no one to talk to.除了你，我再也没有可交谈的人了。I think you have a real artistic gift apart from this defect.除了这个缺陷外，我觉得你确实有艺术天赋。There can be no knowledge apart from practice.没有知识能脱离实践。用法拓展besides/except/except for/apart from/other than和in additionbesides意为“除了之外(还有)”，有肯定的附加意义，表示在整体中加上一部分，除去的部分包括在内，是包容关系。besides还可用作副词，表示“除此之外”，相当于in addition。except是“除了没有”意思，表示在整体中减去一部分，除去的部分要排除在外，是排外关系。前后名词性质相同。except for意为“除之外”，用于引述细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思。前后名词性质不同。apart from具有多重意义，既可表示besides，也可表示except或except for。other than含义与except和but相同，都表示从总体中除去一部分，后接名词或不定式。in addition除此之外，也，另外；in addition to除了之外(还有)；(近义词)besides，whats more，apart from。We all went besides the girls.除了姑娘们之外，我们也都去了。Besides，I want you to promise me one thing.另外，我要你答应我一件事。Your compositions are well written except Toms.除了汤姆的作文外，你们的作文都写得很好。Your compositions well written except for a few spelling mistakes.除了几处拼写错误外，你的作文写得很好。I ate everything apart from(except)the soup.除了汤没喝外，其他的菜我都吃了。What do you like doing apart from(besides)swimming?除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？There is nobody here other than me.这儿除了我没别人。A new security system was installed.In addition，extra guards were hired.新的安全系统已经装上。而且，雇用了更多的门卫。In addition to his movie work，Redford is known as a champion of environmental causes.除了电影作品外，Redford还以环保卫士而著称。即境活用单项填空_the injures to his face and hands，he broke his left leg.ABeside BDespiteCApart from DBecause of答案：C5make sense讲得通；有道理Your story doesnt make sense to me.你编的故事我听不明白。用法拓展make sense of弄懂的意思make no sense没有道理；没有意义It doesnt make any sense.做某事没道理。There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没道理a sense of humor幽默感common sense常识in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense绝不，绝非sense n感觉器官；觉察sense vt.觉得；意识到sensible adj.明智的；合情合理的sensitive adj.敏感的What he said doesnt make any sense at all.他所说的话没有任何道理可言。Our English teacher has a good sense of humor.我们英语老师很有幽默感。即境活用单项填空Her question was so difficult that I could hardly make any_of it at all.Asense BmeaningCexplanation DideaIn my opinion，what he told us just now about the affair simply doesnt make any_.Aidea BmeaningCsense Dpoint答案：AC重点句式1.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说清楚。only if“只要；只有”，主句要用倒装语序。Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进这间屋。易混辨析only if与if onlyonly if“只要，只有”，主句要采用部分倒装语序。if only“但愿，要是就好了”，用以表示对现在、未来的愿望，或者与过去事实相反的愿望。Only if the red light comes on is there some danger to employees.只要红灯一亮，就表示有危及职工的险情。If only I knew her name.要是我知道她的名字该有多好。If only they would tell me what they have decided.但愿他们能把决定告诉我。If only he had remembered to buy some fruit.他要是当时记得买些水果来多好。用法拓展even if即使；虽然；纵然if anything若能有把握地说出来，其实是这样if not要不；不然Even if she were very busy, she would go.即使她很忙，她也会去的。If anything, we should open our doors even wider.如果说有什么不足之处，就是开放得还不够。Are you ready? If not, Im going without you.准备好了吗？要不，我就自己去。即境活用单项填空I didnt invite him to the party but he came anyway and got completely drunk._ he hadnt come! The party could have been a success.AHow comeBIf onlyCWhat if DOnly if_ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.AOnly if; will you BOnly if; you willCUnless; will you DUnless; you will答案：BA2So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.所以，每次暴发的时候成千上万的恐慌的人们死去。(1)表示情感的及物动词如excite，discourage，disappoint，encourage，inspire，interest，move，please，puzzle，surprise，worry等，其后常加上后缀ing或ed转化为分词(也可称为形容词)，用作表、定、状或补语。在这种情况下，分词主要体现了语态的不同。现在分词有主动意味，含有“具有令人的特性”的意思；而过去分词有被动意味，含有“受到影响而感到”的意思。(2)every time此处为连词，意为“每一次”，time作为“次数”时的短语，常可以做连词。如：next time下一次，each time每一次，last time上一次。即境活用用所给词的适当形式填空The story was so_(move)that nearly everybody was_(move)to tears.I am_(worry)about the result.I have never spent a more_(worry)day.翻译句子每次见到她时，我总忘了她的名字。(every/each time)_答案：moving；movedworried；worryingEvery time I meet her，I always forget her name.3In addition，he found two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.此外，他还发现伦敦另一个地区有两个死亡病例都与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联。句中的that引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词two other deaths；先行词与定语从句之间被介词短语in another part of London所分隔。定语从句一般紧靠在先行词之后，但有时它与先行词之间被一个定语、状语或谓语分隔开来，这种定语从句就叫分隔定语从句。(1)先行词与定语从句之间被用作
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