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111Unit 4 EarthquakesPart One: Teaching Design (第一部分：教学设计)Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading(A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP)AimsTo listen and talk about natural disastersTo read about earthquakesProcedures I. Warming upWarming up by lookingGood morning class. Have you ever experienced any natural disasters? Look at the pictures, can you name all the disasters? volcano fire sandstorm typhoon hailstone thunderstorm flood hurricane earthquakeHave you ever experienced an earthquake? Can you describe how terrible an earthquake is? (The earth is shaking; all the buildings will fall down; many people will die; many children will become orphans.)Warming up by discussing Now, look at the pictures of Tangshan and San Francisco in warming up and describe what you see in the pictures. (beautiful cities; broad roads; tall building; large population.)What will happen if there has been a big earthquake in these two cities?As we all know, earthquakes are disasters to everyone. But can we avoid or at least reduce the loss caused by earthquakes? Can we foretell earthquakes? Now lets come to Pre-reading and decide what may happen before an earthquake comes.II. Pre-reading1.Talking and sharing What are the signs of an earthquake? (e.g. Cows, pigs and dogs become too nervous too eat. The mice will run out of the fields looking for places to hide. The water in the wells will rise and fall. Walls of the wells in village will have deep cracks. There will be bright light in the sky.)2. Imaging and sharingImagine there is an earthquake now, your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. You have time to take only one thing. What will you take? Why? III. Reading1. Listening and fast readingNow lets come to the text “A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP” and see what it tells us.Please listen to the text and get the general idea of the passage. You should pay attention to the first sentences of each paragraph. In what order is the text written? (The text is written in time order. The general idea is the mixture of the first sentences of each paragraph, that is, the text tells us something that happened before the earthquake, during the earthquake and after the earthquake.)2. Reading and underliningNext you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them in your notebook after class as homework.Collocations from A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEPa smelly gas, come out of, in the farmyards, too nervous to eat, run out of, look for place to hide, water pipes, think little of sth., as usual, it seemed that, at an end, one hundred kilometers away, one-third, eight kilometers long, thirty meters wide, cut across, in ruins, be injury, the number of, reach more than 400, 000, everywhere, everything was destroyed, be gone, blow away, sth. be not safe for, tens of thousands of, give milk, half a million, instead of, be shocked, later that afternoon, be trapped under the ruins, fall down, allis/was not,hundreds of thousands of, dig out, the dead, to the north of, coal mines, built shelters, fresh water3. Reading aloud and translatingNext we are going to read aloud the text and translate it into Chinese.4. Reading and transforming informationRead the text again and answer the following questions.1. What natural signs of coming disaster were there?2. Can you think of some reasons why these signs werent noticed?3. Can you describe the disaster caused by the earthquake?4. What events and situations probably made the disaster worse?5. How were the survivors helped?6. Could anything more have been done to help the survivors? Why or why not?Answers: 1, 3, 4, 5 are easy to answer. 2. Maybe at that time people didnt have knowledge of an earthquake. 6. The students have their own answers.4. Discussing writing styleAs you have understood the general idea of the text, I still put more questions to you. 1. From whose point of view are events described? How do you know? (A writerwho didnt see the quake uses the third person “they” when he writes.)2.Why do you think the writer chose to express her feelings about the quake rather than simply report what happened? (Although the writer was not there he felt sad for the people of Tang Shan. He knows that giving some feelings will make the reading more interesting.)3.Why is the title “A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP”? (As usual, night is the time to sleep, and night should be quiet and safe. But that night everything changed. The writer used it as a title to show how terrible and how unusual that night is.)5. Reading and understanding difficult sentences.If you have some difficult sentences to understand, come to me for help. IV. Closing down Closing down by doing exercisesNow please do the comprehending Exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 27.Closing down by discussing By now youve known that earthquakes are terrible natural disasters and that China is unlucky enough to have a lot of them. Now imagine that your group lives in the city that has a lot of earthquakes, what should you do during an earthquake? Look at the given situation and discuss in pairs.(1) If you are OUTDOORS, (2) If you are in a HIGH BUILDING, (3) If you are DRIVING, (4) If you are HAVING CLASS, (5) If you are in a CINEMA, What should you do during the earthquake?Situation:(1) how to rescue those still trapped in the ruins;(2) how to take care of the survivors;(3) how to repair buildings that survived the earthquake;(4) what to do with the buildings that survived the earthquake;(5) where to find people to help build a new city;(6) how to teach children about earthquake safety;(7) where to put information for survivors and their families;(8) how to plan for further disasters.Period 2: A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language(The Attributive Clause: that, which, who, whose)AimsTo learn about the usage of who, which, that and whose in the Attributive ClauseTo discover useful words and expressionsProcedures I. Warming upWarming up by discovering useful words and expressionsHello everyone. After reading the passage, we have got to know the usage of the words and expressions, but we should do more practice. Now turn to page 27 to find the correct words and expressions from the passage to finish the sentences. You are given two minutes to finish them. Of course, you can discuss with your partners. Two minutes later, check in pairs and then check with the whole class.II. Learning about language1. Reading and findingTurn to page 26 and read the text A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP. Tick out the attributive clauses in the reading passage and translate them into Chinese.2. Doing Exercises 2 on page 28Turn to page 28 and do Exercise 2 in pairs.III. Ready used materials for Relative Pronouns: which, that, who whom whose What are Relative Pronouns?Relative pronouns are special pronouns which can connect the antecedent and theattributive clause. Also they can be used as a part of the attributive clause. Here are some important differences:1 which/ that: referring to things, can be used as a subject or an object in the attributive clause; when they are used as an object, they can be omitted:The plane is a machine that/which can fly.The school (that/which) he visited last week is to the south of the city.2. that/ who/whom: referring to a person, can be used as subject or object in theattributive clause; whom can be used as an object: The girl (that/whom/who) we saw yesterday was Jims sister.The man that/who is talking to my father is my maths teacher.3. whose: referring to a person or a thing, can be used as an attribute in theattributive clause: This is the writer whose name is known all over the world.The room whose window faces south is mine.4.Before everything, anything, everybody, anybody, all, the best +n, the fifth +n, we use that instead of which:All (that) I need is time.This is the largest factory (that) I have ever visitedThe sixth lesson (that) we are learning is the most difficult in Book Two.5. We cant use that in a Non-Defining Attributive Clause: I have lost the pen, which I like very much.I have two sisters, who are both teachers.IV. Closing down by doing a quizNow you are going to take a quiz on Relative Pronouns.Fill in the blanks, using which, that, who, whom, whose.(1) The force ( ) causes everything to fall towards the ground is called gravity.(2) A friend ( ) helps you in time of need is a friend indeed.(3) Do you know the girl ( ) parents are teachers in our school?(4)The woman ( ) I spoke to just now is my English teacher.(5) He saw a house ( ) windows were all broken. (6)Everything ( ) can be done today mustnt be done tomorrow. (7)Can you think of anyone ( ) could look after him?(8)This is the best hotel ( ) I know.(9)The man ( ) I saw told me to come back today.(10)Those ( ) want to go to the Great Wall write down your names here.(11) He talked a lot about the teachers and the schools ( ) he had visited.(12)The ninth lesson ( ) we are learning is the most difficult in Book One.(13)Mount Blanc(勃朗峰), ( ) they visited last month, is the highest mountain in Europe.(14)We know all the teacher ( ) work in our school. (15)The house in ( ) Lu Xun once lived is a museum now.(16)The house ( ) Lu Xun once lived is a museum now.(17)The house ( ) Lu Xun once lived in is a museum now.(18)You can take any room ( ) you like.(19) He showed a machine ( ) parts are too small to be seen.(20)The sports meet was put off, ( ) was exactly what we wanted.Answers to the exercises: (1)which/that (2)who/that (3)whose (4)whom/that/who (5)whose (6)that (7)that (8)that (9)that/whom/who (10)who (11)that (12)that (13)which (14)that (15)which (16)in which/where (17)which/that (18)that (19)whose (20)whichPeriod 3:A sample lesson plan for Using Language (A letter from Zhang Sha)AimsTo read and speak about travelingTo write a letter describing feeling about travelingProcedures I. Warming up Warming up by discussingHave you ever written a speech? What is a speech? Speech means an act of speaking formally to a group of listeners. What do you have to consider when you are writing a speech? Please discuss it in pairs. (1. Who is the audience? 2. How can we express ourselves clearly?)Warming up by readingWhat should you include in your speech when you try to write one? Read the letter on page 29 and imagine you are the student who was invited to give a speech. Now write a short speech, in which you should follow the points in exercise 3 on page 29. II. Reading and underlining Read the letter and exercises again and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the letter. Copy them in your notebook after class as homework.Collocations from the lettercongratulations, be pleased to do sth., win the high school speaking competition, a group of five judges, all of whom, agree, be proud of, open a new park, honour those who died in the terrible disaster, would like to do, have you do sth., as you know, invite sb. to do sth., on that special day, at the beginning of, thank sb, for doing sth., honour sb. for sth., be known as, encourage sb. to do sth., be happy to do sth., collect stamps, lose ones lifeIII. Listening Turn on your books at page 30. Well listen to a story about a person who experienced the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Ill play the tape three times. First listen and try to get some details that exercises 1 and 2 request. Second listen again and try to finish the exercises. Third listen and check your answers. IV. Guided writing (SB. page 31)1. Making a introductionHave you ever read a newspaper story? Now turn on your books to page 31 and look at Writing. Read the brief description about how to write a newspaper story. Compare a newspaper story to a short story and answer the following questions.1) What should you write before writing a newspaper story? (outline)2) What should a newspaper outline have? (a headline; a list of main ideas; a list of important details) 3) Why a headline is needed? (It can tell the readers what the topic is; it can also attract the readers attention)4) How can you finish a newspaper story? (First, you should write a headline, then organize your main ideas into paragraphs, and then put some details into each paragraph.)5) Have you found out the difference between a newspaper story and a short story? (Usually a short story begins with small details and includes big details later. A newspaper story does just the opposite. Both kinds of stories use paragraphs with main ideas. In a good newspaper story, the point-of-view is objective (i.e. it has no point-of-view) while a short story is subjective (i.e. it has a point-of-view). A newspaper story has no conclusion; a short story generally does.)Now Ill show you a newspaper story to find out the headline, main idea and details of each paragraph. THE WASHINGTON POSTSEATTLE-A powerful earthquake with a magnitude of 6.8 hit Washington State last week. The quake, the biggest in 50 years, caused billions of dollars in damage. But miraculously, only one person died and more than 100 people were injured in the quake.Authorities said one reason there wasnt greater destruction is that the region spent millions of dollars in the last decade designing earthquake-proof facilities and improving existing buildings, schools and homes.Earthquake expert said the event illustrated(说明) the growing gap between rich and poor nations in the ability to mitigate(减轻) natural disasters. Only a handful of people were seriously injured here, a slight number compared with the devastation(破坏) in countries like Turkey, India and El Salvador, where quakes have buried thousands under poorly constructed buildings. 2. WritingNow prepare the outline for a short newspaper story for China Daily. You can use the example in exercise 1 to help you organize your outline. 3. UnderlingRead the outline and the newspaper story in Writing and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in them. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework.Collocations from Writinga list of, put some details into each paragraph, a team of, raise money, thousands of, plan to do sth., in early June, hope to do sth., be interested to do sth.IV. Closing Down Closing down by summaryWe have learned a lot about earthquakes. Now lets have a summary about what we have learned. Look at the following questions.(1) Have you ever experienced an earthquake?(2) Can you describe an earthquake in English?(3) What do you know about the cause of an earthquake?(4) What new information about earthquakes have you learned now?(5) What words and expressions can you use to describe an earthquake?Closing down by finding informationGo to the library to read or get online to search in order to find more in formation about natural disasters.Part Two: Teaching Resources (第二部分：教学资源)Section1: A text structure analysis of A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEPI. Type of writing and summary of the main ideaType of writingThis is a piece of descriptive writingMain idea of the passageThe article describes the cause, the course and the result of Tang Shan earthquake in 1976. It shows us the terrible image of earthquake. At the same time it hits us that we must realize that we can do something to minimize the damage caused by earthquake.Topic sentence of 1st paragraphStrange things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei.Topic sentence of 2nd paragraphEverything began to shake and it seemed that the world was at an end.Topic sentence of 3rd paragraphEverywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.Topic sentence of 4th paragraphAll hope was not lost.II. A text structure analysis Read the text “A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP”, and then complete the following chart.Time/ order What happenedResult three days before the earthquakeat about 3:00 amSaw: crackswater in the wells- rose and fell,animals- too nervous , hide fish jumped out of bowls & ponds bright light in the skywater pipes-cracked and burstheard: sound of planessmelt: smelly gas in the cracks of the wellsPeople thought little of theevents and went to bed as usualat 3:42 amfelt: everything shook one-third nation felt itheard in Beijing 100 kilometers awaya huge crack cut across houses, roadssaw: steam burst from holes in the groundhard hills of rock-rivers of dirtcity lay in ruins 4 400,000 people killed/injured75% factories 90% home were gonebricks covered dams/bridges fell not safe railway tracks useless cows never milkpigs/chickens diedwells filled with sandrescue workers and doctors trapped under the ruinsbuildings fell downwater/food/electricity hard to getafter that hope not lostarmy sent 150,000 soldiersworkers built shelters for survivorsfresh water was taken to the citythe city began to breathe againIII. A retold version of the text One possible versionStrange things happened in Tang Shan. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell. The well walls had deep cracks and a smelly gas came out the cracks. The chickens, pigs and mice were too nervous. Fish jumped out of bowls and ponds. Bright light appeared in the sky. People heard the sound of planes even when no planes were in the sky. The water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed that the world was at the end! One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack cut across the city. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. Two-thirds of the people died or were injured. Nearly everything was destroyed in the city. 75% of its factories and 90% of its homes were gone. Then later that afternoon, another big earthquake shook Tangshan. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.But all hope was not lost. The army sent 150,000 soldiers to help them. Workers built shelters for survivors. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.Section 2: Background information on EARTHQUAKESI. Zhang HengZhang Heng (张衡) (78AD139AD) was an astronomer, mathematician, artist and literary scholar（文学学者）in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China.Born in todays Nangyang County, Henan, he was a good writer at age 12. At the age of 16, he left home to pursue(从事) his studying the capital city. He spent at least 10 years of his youth in literary studies and writing. He published several well-recognized literary writings. He switched to(转向) astronomy after age 30.In the year 123 he corrected the calendar to bring it into line with the seasons.In 132 Zhang Heng invented the first seismograph(地震仪) for measuring earthquakes. His device was in the shape of a cylinder(圆柱体) with eight dragon heads around the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs, each directly under a dragon head. When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragons mouth into a frogs mouth, making a noise. He also invented the odometer(里程表)
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