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111Unit 4EarthquakesI. 单元教学目标Know basic knowledge of earthquakes.Know how to protect oneself and help others in disasters.Write some passages about earthquakes.Write a newspaper outline.Learn to use the Attributive Clause.II 目标语言1. Talking about past experiences I will never forget the day when the earthquake took place. The time was 5:15 in the afternoon and I was driving along the road. 2. Sequence I asked a man standing next to me what had happened. Before he could answer, hundreds of bricks fell on him and he was killed. I thought the end of the world had come! Then I met a man who knew the way to a boat, and we ran in its direction. I saw many frightened cows rush up Market Street and drop into a great crack ground.III 词汇1. 四会shake,well,rise,smelly,pond,pipe,burst,canal,steam,ruin,injure,destroy,brick,dam,useless,steel,shock,quake,rescue,electricity,disaster,army,organize,bury,coal,mine,shelter,fresh,percent,speech,judge,honor,prepare,Europe.2认读crack, survivor, miner. 3. 词组right away, at an end, dig out, give out, thousands ofIV. 语法he Attributive Clause (I )V. 重点句子1. Farmers wives noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.2. It seemed that the world was at an end!3. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.4. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.6. Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed.7. Man himself had to make ruins of some of the citys best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets.8. A list of buildings not destroyed was now only a few addresses.9. Amazing as it may seem, Wednesday night was a quiet night.10. Never in all San Franciscos history were her people so kind as on that terrible night.VI. 分课时教案The first period Step I. RevisionCheck the homework with the whole class.Step II. Warming upAsk the students to read the instructions and make sure they know what to do, and then have a discussion about the two pictures.T: Today, before we begin our reading, Id like to ask you a question, “What is the biggest sound you have heard in your life?”S1: The sound of wind that blew in a winter night when I was very young. It sounded like a ghost who was howling. I was very frightened at that time.S2: The biggest noise was the one that I heard when my neighbor was quarrelling with his wife. Perhaps, they broke their TV set.T: Thats too terrible.S3: The noise when planes take off.S4: The sound of trains.T: Good! I agree that all of them are big sound. But did you once heard the sound that the heaven falls and the earth cracks, in Chinese it is 天崩地裂?Ss: No, we have no chance to hear that.T: If there is a sound like this, what is it?S5: When someone hears something unexpected and terrible. For example, when one of his loved families dies, he will feel this sound.T: Terrific! You are using a literary way to express the sound.S6: When an earthquake happens.T: Great! I have waited for this answer for a long time. Today well learn something about earthquakes. I think most of us have heard of earthquakes. Can you imagine how terrible it is ?S7: The earth is shaking. All the buildings will fall down.S8: Many people will die. And perhaps many children will lose their parents.T: Yeah, earthquakes are disasters to everybody. Now look at the two pictures of Tangshan and San Francisco. Can you describe what you see in the pictures?S1: Tangshan is a beautiful city. It has beautiful gardens, broad roads and some tall buildings.S2: From the picture of San Francisco, I can see that it is a very big city. There are many tall buildings thickly standing on the earth. I think the population of the city is very large.T: Good! What will happen if there has been a big earthquake in these two cities? Work in pairs and discuss it. Then Ill ask so me of you to show your opinion.Step III. Pre-readingThere are two questions in this part. Both are very interesting. The first one can more or less reveal the students values; while the second one can enlarge their imagination. No matter what their answers are, as long as they have given careful thoughts to the situations, their answers should be good.T: Now, lets look at the pictures. What are the predictions of an earthquake?S1: Before an earthquake animals will become nervous. Cows, pigs, horses and dogs will be upset. And people can see mice running about. If the earthquake happens during winter, people can even see snakes.T: Terrific! Where did you get this knowledge?S1: From geography. I like it.T: good. Sit down please.S2: Madam, I dont know the meaning of the picture with two women.T: It doesnt matter. You will know it soon after reading our text. OK. Imagine there is an earthquake now, and your home is shaking, at this moment you have no time to take any other things but one, what will it be?S3: Ill take all my money. People cant live without money.S4: I will take as much water as possible. Because it is said that people can keep alive for nearly 7 days by drinking without any foodS5: In that case, Id rather take some apples, so that besides drinking, I can also eat.S6: I will carry my grandma. She is my most loved person in this world. She brought me up.T: What a dutiful child you are! Im very glad to hear that. Sit down please! It seems that all of you know what you should do during an earthquake. OK. Lets read our text, and see what it tells us.Step IV. ReadingIn this part, teacher should ask the students to read the passage quickly for the first time to get the general idea of the passage. Ask them to pay attention to the first sentence of each paragraph. This can help them finish exercise3 in Comprehension. It is about the main idea of each paragraph. Then ask them to read the text again carefully to obtain some details. Before reading for the second time, show some questions on the screen, and let the students read the questions first. These questions can guide them to have a good understanding about the text. They can also make preparations for Exs1-2, which are about details.SkimmingT: At first Id like to read the text quickly to get the general idea of the article. While reading, you should pay attention to the sentence of each paragraph.T: Have you got the general idea of the text?Ss: Yes.T: What is it?S1: There is no quick answer to this question. Are you suggesting us that the general idea is the mixture of the first sentences of each paragraph?T: Sure.S1:OK. Thats easy. The main idea of the passage is some signs of the earthquake, and what would happen during the quake.T: Good, sit down please. In fact, while we are answering the questions, we have involved the sequence, the functional item for this unit. (Teacher writes the word on the blackboard ) Do you understand the meaning of the word?Ss: No.T: Sequence means the order of the events. It can tell us which event happens first, and which happens later. Do you know the sequence that is used in our text?S3: Yes. At first, the text tells us something that happened before the quake, then it tells us the things that happened during the quake and at last it tells us the things that happened after the earthquake.T: Quite right! Now please look at the screen, these are the first sentences of each paragraph. Read them and think if they are the main idea of the text. If necessary, you may make some changes to make more exact.Teacher shows the screen and gives a little time to think it over.1. Strange things were happening in the countryside in the northeast Hebei.2. The disaster happened and caused a lot of loss.3. All hope was not lost.Careful readingT: Now, its time for us to read the text carefully. But before reading, you should read some questions first. These questions may help you get some information quickly and easily. Now look at the screen, and read the questions.Show on the screen1. What natural signs of a coming disaster were there?2. Can you think of some reasons why these signs werent noticed?3. What events probably made the disaster worse?4. What situations probably made the disaster worse?5. How were the survivors held?Step V. ExtensionShow the questions on the screen.1. From whose point of view are events described? How do you know?2. What is the mood of this passage? How is it created?3. Why do you think the writer chooses to express his feelings about the quake rather than simply reporting what had happened?4. Why is the title A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP?5. What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” mean?Answers:1. He uses third-person to describe the quake. His description is very objective. For example, the second sentence in the third paragraph. The writer says: “Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.” The writer uses they instead of we.2. The mood is serious and a bit sad. It is created by giving details of how many people and animals were killed or injured, and how many buildings were destroyed.3. Although the writer was not there, he felt sad for the people of Tangshan. He knows that some personal feelings will make the reading more interesting.4. I think the reason is that, as usual, night is the time to sleep, and night should be safe and quiet. But that night everything changed. The writer uses A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP as a title to show how terrible and how unusual the night was.5. Here we can see that the writer compared the city to a person who suffered a lot in the disaster. He felt her pain, and he worried about her. So when he said that people came to help her, we can feel his feelings to the city. The city will not die, she has hope and she can recover from the pain.Step VI ComprehendingAnswers to Exx1-31. 1. C 2. E 3.B 4.D 5.A2. 1. The walls of the villages wells had cracks in them.2 .Roads got huge cracks3. Brick buildings were destroyed.4. The army helped the survivors.5. Shelters were put up for those with no homes.3. 1. Strange things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei.2. The disaster happened and caused a lot of loss.3. All hope was not lost.Step VII HomeworkThe second period ReadingStep I RevisionTeacher check the students homework by showing the answers to exercises1-2 in the Learning about language.Answers to Exercise 1.1. pipe 2. dam 3. shocked 4.injured 5. well 6. canal 7. ruins 8. a great number of 9. at an end 10. bury 11. rise 12.rescue 13.steamAnswers to Exercise 2.A great number of, dam, well, canals, steam, ruins injured, shocked, buryT: OK. Before we begin todays class, please guess the meaning of these sentences.1. Small incidents foretell big events.2 Blessings never come in pairs and misfortunes never come singly3. Where there is life, there is hope.S1: The first sentence means people should pay attention to the small things, because these things often cause unexpected events. Just like what we have learned in the text.S2: The most important thing in the world is life. Without life, everything will lose its meaning.S3: It means everything has its two sides. Although the disaster is terrible, and we cannot avoid it, it can force us to try our best to foretell it more exactly and reduce the loss caused by the disaster.Step II. Reading, writing and speakingA thank speechThe teachers main task is to tell students some problems that appeared in their writings.Show the sample on the screen, and ask the students to read it, and find something that are useful.Sample Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen. My name is Wang Wei. At first, Id like to thank Mr. Zhang and the city of Tangshan for the honor of talking to you. Id also like to thank each of you to come here today for this special occasion. Twenty-nine years ago, we experienced the terrible earthquake, which completely destroyed everything in the city. And twenty-nine years later, we get together in this beautiful park. This park makes me believe that we are indeed in the “Brave City of China”. Here Id like to thank all of you, especially those who worked hard to save the survivors. During those days, you forgot the danger and devoted yourselves to digging out those who were trapped in ruins. Burying the dead, and building shelters and so on. Im sure the people in Tangshan will never forget you! When I walk in the broad street, and see the new houses and offices, I cant help expressing my thanks for those who rebuilt the city within 13 years. Also we cant forget you. I believe our city become more beautiful in future. The spirit of its people has been and will always be strong forever! Thank you.Two minutes later.T: What do you think of the speech?S1: The speech is very fluent.S2: The writer uses many Attributive Clauses. I dont know how to use the structure.T: It doesnt matter. Well learn it next time. Now lets go through exercise 4, its another writing task.A little talkA model speech has been given to the students. The students should complete the sentences after looking at the design of the new Tangshan stamps. The speeches may have many different contents. Let the students pay attention to this point: the audience is the same with the one In the last speech.T: We can see there are four stamps showing new Tangshan. Can you describe each of them with a few words?S1: Housing conditions for the first stamp.S2: Street scenery of new Tangshan for the second stamp.S3: Industry for the third one.S4: Ocean transport for the last one.An outlineShow the questions on the screen.1. Why is an outline important?2. What should an outline include?3. Why is a headline important?4. What are the steps to finish a newspaper story?5. What is the feature of a newspaper story?Answers:1. Because an outline will prepare you to write a better story.2. A good outline should have a headline, a list of main idea and a list of important details.3. A headline can tell the reader what the topic is, so it can attract the readers attention since the reader may not have bought the newspaper before they read the headline.4. First, organize the main ideas. Next, put some details into each paragraph.5. A newspaper story gives the most important news first and the least important news last.Teacher show more examples of some newspapers on the screen and ask the students to read them and try to find the outlines in the stories.A short storyThis integrated language activity enables students to use their imaginations and to write in a literary way. You may want to encourage students to use a literary device, such as simile, personification or metaphor.T: Now, please turn to page 62, look at the TALKING part. Read it carefully, and then tell me what the feature of this talking is.Give them two minutes to think about this question.S1: This talking needs us to imagine.S2: We should write it in a literary way.T: Good! Youve got the point of the talking. In this task, the most important thing you should do is to make full use of your imaginations and try to use a literary way. For example, you may use simile, personification or metaphor. Now, work in groups to write down your own short stories. Attention! The stories are about the cause of earthquakes. After youve finished, Ill ask some of you to read out your work.Group OneIn the center of the earth lives an evil ghost. He usually sleeps for many years. During these years, people on the earth live a happy life. But when he wakes up, he shall howl. And then people feel an earthquake.Group TwoSome people believe that there is a magic world in the center of our earth, where lives a kind of wiser living thing. They can make UFO. When the UFO comes out to visit our world, there is an earthquake.Group ThereThere are too many people on the earth, and people are building too many buildings. Besides, they dig too many and too deep holes. The earth cant stand. She shakes, and an earthquake happens.Step III HomeworkWrite an outline for China DailyThe Third Period ListeningStep I Greeting and leading inT: Now, we will listen to a non-fiction article common to science textbooks. This article is on geology. It provides many facts and describes cause and effect relationships.Step II Listening (P62)T: You will listen to the tape three times. First, listen and try to get some details that Exx1-2 request. Second, listen and finish the exercises. Third, listen and check your answers.Answers to Exercise 1.The true sentences are: 4,5,6 and 7.Answers to Exercise 2Show the answers on the screenCause of earthquakesEarth plates jump and produce shock waves.Moving speed of the Pacific plateMoving at 5.3 cm a yearIn 1906 the Pacific plate suddenly jumped5-6 meters to the north.The Pacific plate pushes onChina from the east to the west.The Indian plate pushed onChina from the southwest to the northwest.Ways of reducing losses from earthquakeNot building where plates meet;buildingon rock;building strong houses.Step III Listening (P66)This listening material gives the students a chance to learn more knowledge about earthquake. The way and steps of listening are the same with the ones in Step II.Step IV Speaking taskThis part comes after the Listening. In content they have the same topic. Its better to put them together. Also this exercise gives students practice in taking words and phrases from the reading passage and putting them into a short dialogue.T: Just now we have a listening, in which we learnt what to do during an earthquake. Now you will work in pairs to choose eight things from the list below to put into your personal earthquake bag. Remember these may be the only things you have, so make sure that you only take essential things with you. They must make you last for five daysS1: Our earthquake bag will contain the following things:1. bottle of water 2. fruit 3. torch light 4.blanket 5. mobile phone 6. identity card 7.scissors 8. bowl and chopsticksStep V. HomeworkPreview the USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS on page 63, and do Exx 1-2 on page 28 in Discovering useful structures.The Fourth period GrammarStep I RevisionTeacher shows the screenAnswers to Exercise 1As usual, shake, cracked, pipes, holes fell, disaster, trapped, hit, quakes, escape, destroyed, a great number ofAnswers to Exercise 21. She was too nervous to eat anything the evening before.2. When the second quake was felt, people ran out of their houses right away.3. After that terrible disaster, 60 percent of homeless children were sent to live in other safe cities.4. They used candles all the time instead of electricity.5. A little girl was dug out of the ruins to the north of the factory.6. We were very proud of the soldiers who rescued the boys from the rushing water.7. We need to honour those who organized the rescue work.Step II Discovering useful structuresT: By now we have reviewed some useful words and sentences. Todays another important task is to learn the Attributive Clause.There are two kinds of this clause. One is the Restrictive Attributive Clause, which modifies the noun; the other is the Non-Restrictive Clause, which gives extra information, and is written with commas.Teacher shows some sentences on the screen and asks students to translate them one by one.1. But the one
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