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Unit 3 Looking good , feeling good,1、 stay vt. 留下来，留在原地 linkv. 保持/维持某状态,My uncle stayed at home while my aunt went out. 我叔叔待在家里而我阿姨却出去了。 I stayed in Hong Kong for a few days before I flew back. 在我飞回这儿前，在香港逗留了几天。 Its hard to stay calm in face of danger. 面对危险保持镇定很难。 I enjoy my stay in Prague 我在布拉格逗留期间很开心,The English language _ the same, although it has traveled from Europe to America. A. stays B. is stayed C. stayed D. had stayed,A,To finish the task, they all night yesterday. 为了完成任务，他们昨天整晚没睡觉。,stayed awake,2、 figure,n. 身材，体型；人物；数字 Bill Gates is a leading figure in IT industry. 比尔盖茨在信息技术领域是一位领军人物。 The figure has risen by 5%. 数字已上升了5%。 v. 计算，估计 Please figure out when he will come back. 请估计一下他什么时候会回来。,They really have a great time too, designing everything, drawing the blue prints, _ the angles(角度) and so on. A. looking out B. taking out C. finding out D. figuring out,D figure out 计算。,3、 role n. 角色，作用,play roles扮演角色 play the role/part of扮演角色 play a role/part in在中发挥作用/扮演角色,Phonetics plays an important part in the study of English. 语音在英语学习中发挥着重要作用。 What is Johns role in the play? 约翰在这部戏剧里的角色是什么？,In the movie Cast Away, Tom Hanks plays the _ of a man named Chuck Noland. A. character B. effect C. behaviour D. role,D character 性格； effect 作用，影响； behaviour 行为； role 角色，作用； play the role of 扮演的角色。,She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth better. A. to play B. to take C. to make D. to have,A 句子结构是一个双宾语，考查的是play a role in结构的变形， to play作后置定语。句意是：她将告诉我们她为什么那样强烈地认为我们每一个人都有责任使地球更美好。,4、 recover vi. 恢复健康； 复原 vt. 重新获得，恢复；取回,recover ones sight/hearing恢复视力/听力,He is slowly recovering from his illness. 他正慢慢地从病中复原。,recovery n. 寻回，恢复，复原，痊愈,I wish you a speedy recovery. 我祝你早日康复。,The police _ the stolen jewellery and returned it to the owner. A. searched B. hunted C. recovered D. invented,C search和hunt表示“寻找，搜寻”时，后面要接介词for; invent指发明、创造出原先没有的东西。句意：警察找回了被偷的珠宝并归还给物主。,She made a quick _ from her illness and was soon back at work. A. decision B. recovery C. change D. promise,B make a decision做出决定；make a change做出改变；make a promise做出许诺。句意：她很快就恢复了健康并上班了。,5、 match n. 相配的人或物，配对物 v. 匹配，相称,The tie is a good match for your suit. 这条领带与你的西装很配。 These curtains wont match your carpet. 这些窗帘和你那块地毯不相称。 match用作名词，表示“相匹配的人或物”时，其后多与介词for连用。,The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat. 衬衫的颜色与大衣不相配。 If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine. 要是你想坐公共汽车走，那对我也很合适。 I tried the dress on but it didnt fit. 我试了那条裙子，但不合身。, How about eight oclock outside the cinema? That _ me fine. A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits,D fit多指大小、形状合适，引申为“吻合，协调”，如：The new coat fits me well. 这件衣服我穿着大小合适。suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。如Im afraid Tuesday suits me better. 我想星期二对我更合适。meet, satisfy往往表示“满足(需要)，符合(要求)”。,Your skirt and your shoes . 你的鞋和裙子搭配得十分和谐。,match perfectly,6、 damage vt. & n. 损害， 伤害,do/cause damage to sth. 对某物造成损失,Smoking can damage your health. 抽烟会毁坏你的健康。 The storm caused great damage to the crops. 暴风雨对农作物造成很大的损害。,I damaged my shoes in the football practice today. 今天练足球时，我把鞋弄坏了。 The house was completely destroyed by fire. 那座房子被火烧得一干二净。,A bomb destroyed two buildings and _ several others. A. harmed B. damaged C. hurt D. injured,B 句意：炸弹毁了两幢楼房并损坏了几幢其他的建筑物。damage多指直接对外观、价值、使用性和完好性的破坏、损害；其他三项均与题干意思相差太远。,They not only make it difficult to sleep at night but they are _ damage to our houses and shops of historical interest. A. doing B. raising C. putting D. producing,A do/cause damage to指“对造成损害”；其他三项均与题干不相符。,7、 fun n. U 有趣的活动， 乐趣 adj. 有趣的,make fun of 取笑 have fun 玩得开心,It is no fun to work inside when the weather is so fine. 天气晴朗的时候在屋里工作很无趣。 What fun it is to watch a close game. 观看一场势均力敌的比赛真的很过瘾。,It is _ to have a swim when it is hot, but we have to take our safety into consideration. A. funny B. fun C. a fun D. a pity,B it is fun to do sth.意为“做某事是开心的”。,8、consider v. 考虑；认为,considering/takinginto consideration 考虑到， 把考虑在内,My father is considering buying a new house. 我父亲正在考虑买幢房子。 He considers him an expert in this field. 他认为自己是这个领域的专家。,Working out every day is considered _ a good way to keep fit. A. to be B. being C. is D. to have,A 句意：每天锻炼被认为是保持健康的好方法。,9、 effect n. 效果，影响，作用,have an effect on/upon 对有影响 put/bring sth. into effect 落实想法，实施计划 take effect 生效,You should know about the effects of exercise. 你应该了解锻炼的好处。 The medicine had an immediate effect on her. 这药对她立马生效了。,Does television affect children? 电视对孩子有影响吗？,effective adj. 有效的 affect vt. 影响,The doctor advised him to stop taking that medicine, which had side effects.,10、 risk n. & vt. 冒险,risk doing sth. 冒险做某事( take the risk of doing sth.),Smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease. 吸烟会增加得心脏病的危险。 If they stayed there, they risked death. 如果他们呆在那儿不动，就会面临死亡的危险。 The brave soldier risked his life in saving the child. 那位勇敢的士兵冒着生命危险救那孩子。,They would not allow him _ across the line. A. to risk going B. risking going C. for risk to go D. risk going,A allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。risk doing sth. 冒险做某事。,11、 suggestion n. 建议,follow ones suggestion 遵从某人的建议 make/offer/put forward a suggestion 提出建议 suggestion的同位语从句或表语从句要用虚拟语气；从句动词为(should)动词原形。,At your suggestion, I bought the more expensive model. 遵照你的建议，我买了较贵的这种型号。 You should follow the suggestion that your teacher has put forward for you. 你应该遵从老师向你提出的建议。 My suggestion is that we should all share the cost. 我的建议是我们所有的人都应该分摊费用。,Her suggestion is reasonable that everyone _ an umbrella in case of rain. A. takes B. will take C. would take D. take,D 同位语从句中用虚拟语气结构，其谓语动词用(should)动词原形。,12、 attractive adj. 吸引人的；有魅力的,Attractive wrapping would help us sell the goods. 吸引人的包装便于我们推销商品。 I am not shy about talking to men whom I find attractive. 对于我认为有魅力的男人我从来不羞于开口谈话。,attract vt. 吸引； 引诱,Her beauty attracted people. 她的美貌引人注目。 Her manners were intended to attract. 她的举止旨在引人注目。,People are more _ to spend money on goods with an attractive look than those without. A. attracted B. tempted C. persuaded D. tended,B be tempted to do sth. 被引诱做某事，倾向于做某事，想要做某事。,13、 equipment n. 设备， 装备； 器材,The complete equipment of the new hospital will take a year. 新医院的全部设备需要一年才能装备好。 I tried to fix the equipment but I failed. 我想把机器修理好，但是失败了。,equip vt. 装备，配备；使胜任；使适合于 equipwith 用装备；使具备；为准备,They cant afford to equip their army. 他们无力装备自己的军队。 Her training equipped her to cope with the new job. 她所受的训练使她有能力去对付这项新的工作。 We should equip our child with a good education. 我们应使我们的孩子受到良好教育。,_ himself with necessary knowledge and skills, the young man went to the job market with much confidence. A. Equipped B. Equipping C. Having equipped D. Being equipped,C 句意：在有了必要的知识和技能后，年轻人才自信满满地去人才市场找活干。,14、 comfort n. 安慰；舒适；安慰者 vt. 安慰,They love nice things and like to live in comfort. 他们喜欢美好的东西，喜欢过舒适的生活。 We can see people huddled together to comfort each other in their last hours of life. 我们可以看到人们紧紧地拥抱在一起，在生命的最后时刻相互安慰。,Her mothers words of love and help _ the sobbing child. A. comforted B. encouraged C. excited D. eased,A,1、 work out 锻炼；计算出，解答出(问题)；制定,Do you often work out? 你经常锻炼吗？ She works out every morning in order to keep fit. 为保持健康她每天早上都锻炼。 She worked out the maths problem and the teacher praised her. 她解答出了那道数学题，老师表扬了她。 He has worked out a good plan. 他已制定出一个好计划。,The professor _ his paper last night, but I dont know how it _. A. was working; worked on B. was working on; worked out C. was working for; worked at D. was working on; worked for,B work on sth. 忙于工作；work out 产生结果。,2、 in the long term 从长远的角度来看,This is a right choice in the long term. 从长远来看，这是个正确的选择。 He will become a successful singer in the long term. 从长远来看，他会成为一个成功的歌手。,in terms of从方面，从方面来说 in sb.s terms在某人看来，根据某人的观点 in the short time从短期而言 in the medium term从中期而言,I dont doubt that our effort will work _ the long term. A. for B. at C. on D. in,D in the long term 从长远的角度来看。,3、 concentrate on/upon sth. 全神贯注于某事，专心致志于某事,I cant concentrate (myself) on my studies with all that noise going on. 吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法全神贯注学习。 The government is concentrating its efforts on improving education. 政府正致力于改进教育工作。 This firm concentrates on European market. 这家公司把工作重点集中在欧洲市场。,You should be _ your lessons. A. absorbed on B. focused in C. concentrated on D. occupied by,C be concentrated on相当于be focused on, be occupied in, be absorbed in等。,4、a good amount of 许多、大量，修饰不可数名词,They spent a good / large / great amount of money on the project. 他们在这个项目上投入大量的资金。,a good / great many a large / great / good number of 接可数名词复数 a good few / quite a few (2) many a / an单数可数名词 (作主语时，谓语 more than a单数可数名词 动词用单数),a great / large amount of (3) a great / good deal of 接不可数名词 quite a little a lot of / lots of plenty of (4) a large quantity of / large 可数/不可数名词 quantities of a mass of / masses of,_ student attends Mr. Smiths lecture on environmental protection. A. A great deal B. A lot of C. A great many D. Many a,D many a意为“许多”，后接可数名词单数，但是谓语还是用单数；a great deal 作副词、代词； a lot of既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词；a great many接可数名词复数。,_ students are now spending _ time learning English. A. A good amount of; much B. Large amounts of; a lot C. A good number of; much D. large numbers of; many,C a good number of 可数名词复数。,as引导方式状语从句，修饰look。 as作连词的用法小结： (1)作“当的时候”或“按照的样子”解，引导时间状语从句，表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生、同时进行。 As he looked at her, she made a face. 当他看她时，她做了个鬼脸。,1、I think you look great as you are 我觉得你目前这个样子就很棒,(2)作“由于、因为”解，引导原因状语从句，表示比较明显的原因。由as引导的原因状语从句通常放在主句之前。 As he didnt know much English, he took out his dictionary and looked up the word. 由于他不懂得多少英语，于是他拿出词典来查了这个词。,(3)作“如一样；按照的样子”解，引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句。 He does not speak as the other people do. 他不像其他人那样说话。 He is not so diligent as you. 他不如你勤奋。(soas只用于否定句，肯定句中必须用asas),(4)引导让步状语从句，作“虽然、尽管”解。这时要将表语或状语提到主语之前；如果表语是名词，放在句首时不能加冠词。 Young as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他年轻，却懂得很多。,According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _ a woman. A. than B. such C. so D. as,D 句意：据统计，男性死于皮肤癌的几率是女性的两倍多。考查倍数表达法中的as用法。其构成结构应为“倍数as形容词/副词原级as另一个比较对象”，其中后一个as在这里是介词或连词。,Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _ Father was away in France. A. as B. that C. during D. if,A 句意：妈妈因为小爱丽丝病了而着急，尤其是当她爸爸还在法国时。during是介词，不接从句，故选A。,“So助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”表示上述肯定情况也适用于该主语。 I was at the Center School last year. So was my friend Bob. 去年我在中心学校，我朋友鲍勃也是。 I have seen the film twice. So has my elder sister. 这部电影我已看过两遍，我姐姐也是。,2、Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports. 行走和骑自行车就算，在学校里进行的体育活动也算。,其他类似结构还有： (1)“Neither/Nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”表示上述否定情况也适用于该句主语。 He cant speak Japanese. Neither/Nor can I. 他不会说日语，我也不会。 (2)“It is the same with名词/代词宾格”或“So it is with名词/代词宾格”，表示上述综合的情况(肯定和否定的混合或没有统一的助动词)也适用于该主语。 Tom is a good student and he does well in his studies. It is the same with/So it is with John. 汤姆是个好学生，他学习很好。约翰也是如此。,(3)“So主语助动词/系动词/情态动词”表示对上述情况的赞同或证实，前后主语一致。 Tom does speak Japanese well. 汤姆日语的确说得很好。 So he does and so do you. 他确实如此，你也是一样。 (4)“主语动词so”表示做了前文所述的事情。 He asked me to stay at home and I did so. 他让我待在家里，我照做了。, David has made great progress recently. _， and _. A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have,B 使用so he has表达对上句话的赞同，意思是“他的确取得了很大进步”，而so have you意思是“你也一样”，是指上述情况同样适用于你。,_ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere. A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business,B 句意：玛丽的生意如此成功，以至于她在别的地方建立了新的分店。这是sothat句型的倒装结构，so后有形容词或副词且位于句首时，句子应该用部分倒装形式。如：So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him., If Joes wife wont go to the party, _. A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will,B “neither / nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”表示上述否定情况也适用于该句主语。句意：如果乔的妻子不去参加晚会，他也不会去。,C fail 失败，表现欠佳，衰退，用完； disappear消失； fall 掉下；damage 损害，毁坏。,1. William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to _.(2011全国新课标) A. disappear B. fall C. fail D. damage,2. B speed up the flow of traffic 加快交通流量。,2. They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.(2011山东) A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out,3. C run out 用尽，用光； break out 爆发； work out 计算出；理解；(事情)进展； put out 扑灭；出版。,3. You cant predict everything. Often things dont _ as you expect.(2011江西) A. run out B. break out C. work out D. put out,介词,介词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类作它的宾语。由一个单词构成的介词，叫做简单介词。由两个或两个以上单词构成的介词，叫做复杂介词。由两个介词构成的介词，叫做双重介词。介词短语/词组在句中作定语、表语、状语、(主/宾)补语或独立成分。,一、表示原因的介词主要有 1for，用于常见结构：thank sb. for (doing) sth. praise sb. for (doing) sth. reward sb. for (doing) sth. scold sb. for (doing) sth. punish sb. for (doing) sth. criticize sb. for (doing) sth. apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. charge sb. some money for (doing) sth.,2of/from, 用于常见结构： die of; die from; be tired of; be tired from; suffer from 3with, 用于常见结构：be pleased with; be bored with; be satisfied with; be angry with; with anger; with cold 4because of，同义表达有：on account of; as a result of; due to; owing to; thanks to 5. out of，接抽象名词，有“出于”之意。,二、表示方式的介词有 1by常接交通工具、通讯工具等，此时名词用单数且其前无修饰词。如：by plane，by bus, by radio, by telephone, by hand等。 2in后接抽象名词，通常表“用语言”，“用颜色”等，如：in English, in blue。,3with常接表达具体工具的词，如： with a pen, with a hammer有时也可接语言，如：with your own words(用你自己的话)。表示用何种字体时，书写工具名词用单数且其前无修饰词。 4on表“凭借、依靠”，又如：live on grass (靠草为生)。on 表特殊行走，交通方式，仅限于on foot, on tiptoe, on horseback(骑马)等用法中。 5. by means of 表“以何种方式”。 6. through 强调“经历、经过”。,三、分清介词to与不定式符号to。常见的含介词to的短语有 be/get/become used to 习惯于 be related to 和有联系 be addicted to 沉溺于；对上瘾 be opposed to 反对 devote oneself to/be devoted to 献身于 be admitted to 被录取， 准进入 be attached to 附属于，爱慕，爱恋，敬仰 adjust oneself 使适应 get/be adjusted to 适应,adjust to 适应 be adapted to 适应 adapt oneself to 适应 be known to 为所知 be married to 和结婚 be sentenced to 被判处 be connected to 和连在一起 be exposed to 暴露于/遭受/接触 be compared to 被比喻成 compareto 把比成 be/become /get accustomed to 习惯于，有习惯,accustom oneself to 使习惯于 be engaged to 和订婚 get down to 着手做 lead to 导致 object to 反对 put ones mind to 全神贯注于 look forward to 盼望 pay attention to 注意 stick to 坚持 attend to 处理，照料 see to 负责 contribute to 对作贡献,make contributions to 对作贡献 apply oneself to 致力于 come close to 几乎，将近 reply to 回答 add to 增加 add up to 加起来 in addition to 除之外(还) turn to 转向，求助于 look up to 向上看，尊敬 belong to 属于 take to 喜爱，开始 respond to 回答,四、介词的宾语有 1名词(短语)如：like a church mouse。 2代词如：take pride in himself。 3动名词(短语) 如：be good at telling stories。 4过去分词如：as told。 5从句如：be satisfied with what she said。 6不定式如：have no choice but to wait。 7. “疑问副词 不定式”结构如：advice on how to do it。,8. 副词如：from above。 10. 介词短语如：from across the street。 11形容词如：far from true。 12关系代词which作介词如：the speed limit beyond which drivers shall be fined。 注意：只有特定句型才能用过去分词、不定式、副词、介词短语作介词宾语，当从句作介词宾语时不能为that引导的从句，除but that, except that, in that之外。,1记住下面的介词的常规用法。 四季，早、午、晚要用in。at黎明、午、夜、点与分。in年、月、年月、季节、周，即在“某年”，在“某月”，在“某年某月”(但在某年某月某日则用on)等。,介词at和to都可以表示方向； 用at表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意；用to表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。 表示着火，罢工，偷偷地，出差、办公事；休假，准时用on。 在山脚下、在门口、在目前、速度、以速率、温度、在日落时、在核心要用at。,2牢记下列常考含介词的短语。 at a time 一次，每次 at one time 曾经 at any time 在任何时候 at times 时常 at the same time 同时 at the end of 在的尽头 at present 目前 at first sight 乍一看 according to 依据、根据 as a result of 作为的结果,as a result 因此，结果 as a rule 通常、惯例 by the way 顺便说 by far 的多 because of 因为 in spite of 尽管 in the way 挡路 in a way 从某种程度上说 in the end 最后 in secret 秘密地 in person 亲自地,in place of 代替、取代 in public 公开地 in return for 作为的回报 in the long run 长期地 in sight 可看到的 in terms of 根据 on sale 有售 on a large scale 大规模地 on second thoughts 又一想、转念一想 so far 到目前为止 out of sight 看不到的 such as 例如,1. _ the railways put on special trains. A. In holiday B. On holiday C. In holidays D. On holidays,D 大家知道，on holiday是习语，意为“在休假”，该短语通常用介词 on 而不用 in，且其中的holiday 通常不用复数，且其中也不用冠词，但有时可用物主代词 (此时可用复数，即 on ones holidays)。基于此认识，许多同学便选了B。其实此题最佳答案为D，on holiday 指“休假”或“度假”，on holidays 指“节假日”或“公共假日时”，即指诸如元旦、国庆等放假日。,2. _ your students against or for the plan made by the teacher? A. Do B. Can C. Are D. Did,C 此题正确答案是C，但很容易误选A，主要是没有意识到其后的 against 是介词，而不是动词。,注意：有些介词、形容词、副词等，具有动作意味，不要将其误认为是动词。,3. She looks forward every spring to _ the flowerlined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in,D 此题考查的关键是短语 look forward to (盼望)，其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号。由于句中插入了 every spring 这一状语，使得 look forward 与介词 to 分离，从而使许多考生误选。有了以上分析，我们知道，空格前的 to 是介词，所以后接动词用动名词，所以应选B或D，由于 pay a visit 后不能带宾语(比较：pay a visit to 后可带宾语)，所以只能选D。,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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