中考英语复习课件-冠词.ppt

中考英语复习方案语法部分,第一篇词法二、冠词,复习要点1.知识概要2.不定冠词的用法3.定冠词用法4.不用冠词的情况5.正误辨析6.例题解析7.课时训练,知识概要冠词在英语中只有3个词，分为两类：不定冠词a与an，定冠词the。a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前，an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物，可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。,难点链接,1.不定冠词的用法(1)a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如；Johnisastudent.MaryisanEnglishteacher.(2)指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如:Asteelworkermakessteel.Passmeanapple,please.(3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或和物。例如：Astudentwantstoseeyou.Agirliswaitingforyououtside.(4)表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。例如：Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theygotoseetheirparentsonceaweek.,难点链接,2.定冠词用法(1)特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：ThebookonthedeskisanEnglishdictionary.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.(2)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：Openthedoor,please.Jackisinthelibrary.(3)上文提到过的人或事物。例如：YesterdayJohnsfatherboughthimanewbike.Thebikecosthim200yuan.(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如：Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.(6)用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：Thenurseiskindtothesick.Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.(7)用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如：theGreatWall,theSummerpalace,inthemorning,intheopenair等。(8)用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。例如：theBrowns,thewhites等。,难点链接,3.不用冠词的情况(1)某些专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如：China,Canada,Japanese,glass,water,love等。(2)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代词时，不用冠词。例如：Thatismycap.Ihavesomequestions.Godownthisstreet.(3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词.如：Theyareworkers.Wearestudents.(4)称呼语前不用冠词，表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如：Idontfeelwelltoday,Mother.BushwasmadepresidentoftheU.S.(5)三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。例如：Ihavelunchathome.Heoftenplaysfootballafterclass.WehaveEnglishandmathseveryday.(6)在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。例如：Byair,atnight,athome,gotobed,gotoschool,onfoot,frommorningtillnight等。,正误辨析,1.误Thisbuildingisanuniversity.正Thisbuildingisauniversity.析a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前，而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是j，所以用a而不要用an。又如：Thereisa“n”intheword.是错句，应为：Thereisan“n”intheword.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发音，所以应该用anhour。例如：Ineedanhourtofinishthework.Itisausefuldictionary.ItisaEuropeancountry.Iboughtausedcar.2.误Ineedaumbrellabecauseitlookslikeraining.正Ineedanumbrellabecauseitlookslikeraining.析因umbrella的第一个音素是元音，所以应用an.常用的情况有：anoldman,anEnglishteacher,anelephant,anidea,anhourago,anhonestboy。3.误Iboughtthedictionaryyesterday.Adictionaryisverygood.正Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thedictionaryisverygood.析在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词，而第二次提到时用定冠词。4.误Pleaseturnofflightsbeforeyouleave.正Pleaseturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.析虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指，也应用定冠词。,正误辨析,5.误“Canyouhelpme”“Sorry,Iminhurry.”正“Canyouhelpme”“Sorry.Iminahurry.”析不定冠词的主要用法如下：（1.用来表示一类人或事物，如：Sheisateacher.（2）指某一类人或事物中的一个，如：Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.（3）泛指某一人或事物，如：Amaniswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.（4）相当于“one”的概念，如：Ijustboughtanewdictionary.（5）其主要的难点是用在固定词组中：如：haveawalk/arest/alook又如：inahurry,makeaface,dosomebodyafavour,anumberof=many又如：haveagoodtime,haveacold,haveaheadache,haveabreak=havearest6.误Therearenineplanetsaroundasun.正Therearenineplanetsaroundthesun.析世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词，如：theearth,themoon,thesun,thesky,thesea.7.误Iliveonasecondfloorofthisbuilding.正Iliveonthesecondfloorofthisbuilding.析在序数词，形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如：Heistheoldestinthefamily.,正误辨析,8.误Iwanttolearnthesecondlanguagethisterm.正Iwanttolearnasecondlanguagethisterm.析在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二，而其意在于再学一个，再来一个时，应用a，本句的意思应为：这学期我要学一门第二外语。9.误Mississippiisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.正TheMississippiisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.析在河流名称前应加定冠词，如：theYellowRiver(黄河)。10.误Look,thereareAlp.误Look,therearetheAlp.正Look,therearetheAlps.析具体的某一座山不加定冠词，如：MountainTai.但在山名称前加定冠词后，其山名要加s，来表示山脉。theAlps即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:TheAlpsareinthecenterofEurope.11.误Timesisoneoftheoldestnewspapersintheworld.正TheTimesisoneoftheoldestnewspapersintheworld.析报刊名称前应加定冠词。12.误Richarenotalwayshappy.正Thericharenotalwayshappy.析在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人，而在姓的前面加定冠词，姓后加s表示某一家，如：TheturnersaregoingtomovetoNewYork.,正误辨析,13.误Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Breadsellsinthisshopisverygood.正Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Thebreadsellsinthisshopisverygood.析物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。14.误Thesunrisesineast.正Thesunrisesintheeast.析在方向、方位前应用定冠词，如：intheeast,inthewest,inthenorth,inthesouth,inthedirection及inthepast,inthefuture15.误Doyouknowwhoinventedtelephone正Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone析在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词，如：theEnglishChannel英吉利海峡thePanamaCanal巴拿马运河theSuezCanal苏伊士运河16.误Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforthesupper正Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforsupper析泛指一日三餐前无定冠词。17.误Iliketoclimbthemountainintheautumn.正Iliketoclimbthemountaininautumn.析一年四季前不用定冠词，如：Springisthebestseasoninayear.,正误辨析,18.误Sometimesmyparentscometoschooltoseeme.正Sometimesmyparentscometotheschooltoseeme.析有些名词被用作其本身原来所含目的时不加冠词，如：gotoschool上学，leaveschool(辍学)，afterschool(放学)，但如果当建筑物讲时应加冠词，如例句中其父母来校不是上学，而是看望孩子，则要加定冠词。又如，Hewasinhospitalfortwodays.(他在医院住院两天了。)而：Hewenttothehospitaltoseehismother.他去医院看望他的母亲。19.误Iboughtasamedictionaryasshebought.正Iboughtthesamedictionaryasshebought.析在惯用法thesame,theonly,thevery前的定冠词不可换为不定冠词。20.误Thepolicecaughtthethiefbyhisarm.正Thepolicecaughtthethiefbythearm.析这是英文表达法与中文的明显不同之处，也是初学者极易忽视之处。在英语中的某些动词，如：catch(抓)，take(拿)，strike(打),pat(拍)，hit(击)，hold(握)，pull(拉)动词后应加人，再加介词on,by,in,with之后要加定冠词，再加人体的某一部位。这时的定冠词千万不要换作his,her,their,等词。,正误辨析,22.误IwenttoNewYorkbyhiscar.正IwenttoNewYorkbycar.正IwenttoNewYorkinhiscar.析by仅仅与交通工具相连表示应用某种工具，而加了别的修饰词后其前面的介词也应作相应的转换。如：bycar(坐小汽车)bytaxi(坐出租车)bybike(骑自行车)bywater(乘船)byair(乘飞机)bysea(乘船)23.误Marybegantolearnhowtoplaypianowhenshewasthree.正Marybegantolearnhowtoplaythepianowhenshewasthree.析在乐器前要加定冠词，而在球类游戏之前则不要加冠词，如：Theyliketoplaybridgewhentheyarefree.(他们空闲时爱打桥牌)24.误Thelittleboywantedtogotocinema.正Thelittleboywantedtogotothecinema.析英语中虽有一些名词与goto连用时不加定冠词，以表示该名词的内涵，如：gotoschool(上学)，gotobed(睡觉)等，但去看电影则例外，要用gotothecinema.这也是语言的一个特点。25.误Iliveat105theLakestreet.正Iliveat105LakeStreet.析街道名称前不用冠词。,正误辨析,26.误Nextsummerholiday,Iwillgotocountrytoliveonafarm.正Nextsummerholiday,Iwillgotothecountrytoliveonafarm.析country既作国家讲也作乡村讲。作乡村讲时，一定要加定冠词，而且只有单数形式，作国家讲时则可有复数形式。如：Japanisacountry.Japan,China,IndiaareAsiancountries.27.误Thepicturelooksbetterinasun.正Thepicturelooksbetterinthesun.析inthesun是固定词组，冠词不能随便改变。这样常用的词组还有：inahurry(匆忙)inthemorning/afternoon(上/下午)intherain(雨中)inthesameway(同样)intheshade(在阴凉处)inthedaytime(白天)intheend(最终)ontheotherhand(换句话说)28.误Thelittleboyandgirlwalkalongthestreetahandinahand.正Thelittleboyandgirlwalkalongthestreethandinhand.析这是英语中的习惯用法，如：dayafter(by)day(一天又一天)dayandnight(日日夜夜)facetoface(面对面)fromtimetotime(再三)handinhand(手拉手)shoulderbyshoulder(肩并肩),例题解析,1MrLiisoldworker.AaBanCsomeD/答案B.析an用于元音音素开始的单词前。2Englishisusefullanguageinworld.Aan,theBa,theCthe,/D/,the答案B.析因useful的第一个音素是j，它是辅音音素。3Whatinterestingbookitis?AaBanCtheD/答案B.析这是感叹句，因为移到原一般句前面的强调部分中有可数名词book,所以应加冠词，而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。4Hewillbebackinhour.A/BtheCaDan答案D.析因hour的首字母h不发音。5Thereismapintheclassroom.mapisonthewall.Aa,ABthe,TheCa,TheDthe,A答案C.析在文章中首次提到某人或某物时用不定冠词，而第二次再提到该物或人时应用定冠词。,6Lookatpicture!Thereshouseinit.Aa,aBthe,theCa,theDthe,a答案D.析虽然是第一次提到，但在句中的语言是让对方看某一特定的图画，所以应选择D。7Thereisorangeinthebottle.AaBanCtheD/答案D.析这里的orange是指桔汁而不是一个个的桔子。8Beijingiscapitalofourcountry.AtheBanC/Da答案A.析capital之后有of结构则要用定冠词。9IfyouworkhardatEnglish,youllget“A”inthetest.AanB/CtheDa答案A.析因字母A的第一音素是元音。10Heusuallygoestoschoolonfoot.AaBanCtheD/答案D.析onfoot意为走路上学，是习惯用法。,例题解析,11.About_studentsinourclasscandescribethatplaceinEnglish.A.three-fifthsB.three-fifthC.third-fiveD.third-fifths答案：A。析该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母应加-s，因此应选A。12.Nine_poundsaweek?Thatsverygood.A.hundredofB.hundredsofC.hundredsD.hundred答案：D。析该题考查的是数词的用法。Ninehundred是一个具体的数量，这是数词不能用复数形式，后面也不能加of。所以应选D。13.Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplay_basketball.A.aB.anC.theD.不填答案：D。析该题考查的是冠词的用法。球类运动之前不加冠词，因此应选D。14.Thisis_songIvetoldyouabout.Isntit_beautifulone?A.the;theB.a;aC.the;aD.a;the答案：C。析该题考查的是冠词的用法。第一个空是特指，特指我给你说过的那首歌，第二个空是表示某一个类别。所以应选C。,例题解析,课时训练,1.Wheres_mathsteacher?HestalkingwithSamsfather.A.aB.anC.theD.2.Thoughthefirstletteris_“u”intheworlduseful,wemustsay“_usefulbook”.A.a,aB./,aC./,anD.an,an3.Wearethirsty.Pleasegiveme_.A.twocupsofteaB.twocupsteaC.twocupofteasD.twocupsofteas4.Ihave_orange.Youmaydrinkit.A.alittleB.afewC.fewD.little5.Whichis_secondlongestriverinChina?YellowRiver.A.a,/B.the,TheC.the,/D./,A6.ThismorningIhad_eggandabottleofmilkformybreakfast.A.anB.aC.theD./7.-Whatsthematterwithyou?-Icaught_badcoldandhadtostayin_bed.A.a;/B.a;theC.a;aD.the;the,C,A,A,A,B,A,A,课时训练,8.-Haveyouseen_pen?Ileftitherethismorning.-Isit_blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a9._sunisshiningbrightly.A.AB.AnC.TheD./10.Thereis_“h”inthewordhour.A.aB.theC.anD./11.DidyouenjoyyourstayinXian?Yes.Ihad_wonderfultime.A.aB.anC.theD./12._sunisbiggerthan_earth.A.A;theB.A;anC.The;anD.The;the13.Thereis_appleandsomepearsonthetable.A.theB./C.aD.an14.Davidhas_cat.Itsverynice.A.aB.anC.theD./15.Imreading_novel.Itis_interestingstory.A.a;anB.a;aC.the;theD./;an,A,C,C,A,D,D,A,A,Seeyounexttime!,