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二、细节理解间接信息题,专题三第二节分类突破,真题感悟,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题感悟,(2018全国，A)Washington，D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.Duration：3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington，D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailabilityandthecherryblossomsdisappear!,WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration：3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington，D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike，helmet，cookiesandbottledwater.,CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington，D.C.Duration：3hoursMorningorAfternoon，thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington，D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents，Congress，memorials，andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.,WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration：3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington，D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike，helmet，andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.,语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在华盛顿特区进行的四项自行车旅行。,语篇解读,21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington，D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.,解析细节理解题。根据第一项自行车旅行中的最后一句“Reserveyourspotbeforeavailabilityandthecherryblossomsdisappear！”可知，这项自行车旅行需要提前预订。其他三项自行车旅行都没有提到需要预订。,答案,解析,22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.,解析细节理解题。根据第三项自行车旅行中的第二句“KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents，Congress，memorials，andparks.”可知，在CapitalCityBikeTour中，导游会为你讲述关于总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的最有趣的故事。,答案,解析,23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safetylights.,解析细节理解题。由题干中的atnight可定位到最后一项自行车旅行。根据最后两句“Tourincludesbike，helmet，andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.”可知，在晚上进行的这项自行车旅行给游客配备了安全灯。,答案,解析,名师点津,一、题型解读1.话题特点常考查间接信息理解类的话题有：(1)人物类；(2)故事类；(3)文化教育类；(4)史地自然类；(5)社会生活类；(6)科普说明类。2.设问形式特殊疑问句形式或填空形式：(1)Accordingtotheauthor/passage，.(2)Whatcanwelearnabout.?(3)Whatwasthereasonfor.?,二、解题技巧“断章取义”定答案第一步：阅读题干，确定关键词，锁定原文相关信息第二步：定位题干关键词的转换形式第三步：利用正确选项特征，确定答案,正确选项特征：(1)用同义或近义词复现。如【真题感悟】第21题题干中bookinadvance“提前预定”与原文中“Reserveyourspotbeforeavailabilityandthecherryblossomsdisappear(在有效期即樱花消失前预约)”意思相同，所以知答案为A项。(2)同根词或原词复现。(3)语言简化。简化原文中的复杂语言现象，并设置为答案。(4)反义词复现。把原文中的意思反过来表达。,随堂限时练,A(2018山东枣庄一模)NatalieTraylingisafamousstreetartistinMelbourne.Atfirst，thosewhohappenedtopassbyherandsparesomechangedidntevenrealizewhatamusical1geniuswasplaying.TheemotionaltunewasnotonlymasterfullyplayedbutalsoposedbyNatalieherselfwhenshewasonly14.Gradually，aslongassheappears，peoplewillstop，absorbedinhermusic.Hermusicmakesyouthinkaboutcalmness，thegoodthingsinlife，andnevergivingup.,Butwhatpeopledonotknowisthatbehindthebeautifulmusicoftheoldwoman，itisfullofbitterness.Attheageof12，shewonamusic2scholarshipatSantaMariaCollege.At15sheknockedbackascholarshiptotheRoyalAcademyofMusicinLondonbecauseherparentscouldntpaynon-tuitioncosts.Whensheleftschool，shetaughtpianoatSantaMaria.Latershemetherhusband，Denis.Theyhadfourchildren，butthetwoofthemdied.In1984，Denisaskedforadivorce.Nataliesson，Nathan，wasgivenmedicationfordepression.NatalielivedeitheroutdoorsinRoyalParkorinboardinghousesfornineyears.Inlate2003Nataliecollapsedwithanaemia(贫血)andwashospitalizedforsixmonths.,Forhalfacentury，Nataliehasbeen3teasedbyfate.Butevenso，shenevergaveupherloveformusic.Whenaskedwhymusicwassoimportanttoher，shesaid，“Musiciseverything.Idofeelpartofit.Thewholeworldismusic.”WhenNataliewentontheInternet，shebecameasignofMelbourne.Peopleareimpressedbyher4persistenceindreamsandtheoptimismoflife.Nowsheisnolongerwanderingaround.Shecanplaythepianoatanytime，butaslongastheweatherisgood，shewillwalktothestreetsofMelbourne，andplaya9touchingmelodyfortherushofthecity.,语篇解读本文介绍了澳大利亚墨尔本一位坚强、勇敢的街头艺术家NatalieTrayling。,语篇解读,1.WhyisNataliesmusicsotouchingtothepassers-by?A.Itisfullofbitterness.B.Sheposeditherself.C.Itsareflectionofherownlife.D.Itremindsthemofthebeautyoflife.,解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，路人听到娜塔莉的演奏都会驻足聆听，因为娜塔莉的乐声让你沉静下来，思考生命中那些美好的事物，让你觉得永远都不要放弃。故选D。,答案,解析,2.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedwords“knockedback”inParagraph2?A.Gaveup.B.Obtained.C.Accepted.D.Wasawarded.,解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“becauseherparentscouldntpaynon-tuitioncosts”可知，娜塔莉在15岁时拒绝了伦敦皇家音乐学院的奖学金，因为她的父母负担不起学费以外的费用。故选A。,答案,解析,3.WhatdoesmusicmeantoNatalie?A.Itsherhobby.B.Itsthesourceofhermisfortune.C.Itispartofherlife.D.Itsawaytoearnaliving.,解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Musiciseverything.Idofeelpartofit.Thewholeworldismusic.”可知，对娜塔莉而言，音乐就是一切，她觉得自己是它的一部分，音乐是全世界。故选C。,答案,解析,4.Whatdoestheauthortrytotellus?A.Natalieisamusicalgenius.B.Lifeisnoteasyforeveryone.C.Nevergiveuphalfway.D.Nataliehasastrongandbraveheart.,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段得知娜塔莉在网上走红后，一下子成了墨尔本的标志。人们被她对梦想的执着和对生活的乐观精神所打动。说明作者想通过本文向我们介绍墨尔本坚强、勇敢的街头艺术家娜塔莉。故选D。,答案,解析,B(2018山东泰安质检)Honestyisthebestpolicy.Wemayagreethatadmittingmistakesandbehavinginagenuinewayistherightwaytoleadourlives，butistheresomethinginourhumannaturethatmakesusimmoral？Forexample，insomeshopsandcarparksyoucanfindanhonestyboxaboxwhereyoupayforsomethingbyputtingmoneyinitbutitreliesonyoutoputtherightamountofcashin.Thisreliesonpeoplebeinghonestandnottryingtocheatbutitdoesprovidea5temptationto6getawaywithnotpayingthefullamount.,PhilipGraves，apsychologist，suggeststhatthistemptationispartofour7evolution.Hesays，“Wehaveevolvedwiththeabilitytobedishonest.Itspartofourevolutionarypsychologicalmake-upbecauseifwecangainanadvantageoverthepeoplearoundus，wehaveagreaterchanceofsurviving.”Sowhydoweplacesuchimportanceonbeinghonestifwebenefitfrombeingdishonest?Itsbecauseitisselfishbehavior.Ifeverybodyactedselfishlyanddishonestlyallthetime，theworldwouldbeaveryunpleasantplace.AsPhilipGravessays，“Thereisabalancetostrikebetweentheextenttowhichwecanfeatherourownnest，sotospeak，,andtheriskofbeingostracized(排斥)bythegroup.”So，forsocietiestoworktogetherweneedtotrusteachotherandthereforeweneedtobehonest.Beingtrustworthywithmoneyisofcoursevitalforaneconomytosurvive.Butbeinghonestwithwordsisanothermatter，sayingwhatwethinktosomeonecangetusintohotwater.However，anewanonymousmessagingapphasbeendesignedthatletsanyonewithalinktoyourprofile(简介)tosendyouamessagewithoutknowingwhoitsfrom.Theappnowhas300millionuserswhichperhapsindicateshowhonestwereallyliketobebutinallhonesty，doyouwanttoknowwhatpeoplethinkaboutyou?Ishonestyalwaysthebestpolicy?,语篇解读,语篇解读这是一篇议论文。在生活、工作中，诚实一定是上策吗？本文讨论了诚实守信是人的本能还是社交生活的必然产物。,5.Whatdoesanhonestyboxrequirepeopletodo?A.Getthechangeoutofitfreely.B.Putthecorrectamountofmoneyinit.C.Donatethepocketmoneytoothers.D.Payalargeramountofmoney.,解析细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，诚实盒子要求人们在盒子里放入正确数目的钱。故选B。,答案,解析,6.AccordingtoPhilipGraves，beingdishonest.A.isadisadvantageB.shouldbe8advocatedC.ispartofourevolutionD.helpspeoplesurvivebetter,解析细节理解题。根据第二段PhilipGraves的话可知，不诚实是我们进化的一部分。故选C。,答案,解析,7.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Thereasonforbeinghonest.B.Thebenefitofbeingdishonest.C.The10outeofselfishness.D.Theimportanceofgroupwork.,解析段落大意题。根据第三段内容尤其是该段首句可知，此段主要向我们叙述要诚实的原因。故选A。,答案,解析,8.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Honestyisalwaysthebestpolicy.B.Theauthorisinfavorofdishonesty.C.Themarketofthenewappispromising.D.Beinghonestwithwordsissometimesimproper.,解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，诚实的话有时候是不恰当的。故选D。,答案,解析,素材提炼再拓展,做完以上两篇阅读后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句,.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1.Chaplinwasnotjustagenius，buthewasamongthemostinfluentialfiguresinfilmhistory._2.Angelas$7,000tuitionatuniversitythisyearwillbepaidforwithscholarships._3.Heteasedthedogbypullingitstail._4.Itrequirestimeandpersistence，sostickwithit._,天才,奖学金,戏弄,毅力；坚持,5.Resistthetemptationtobuytheitemuntilyourecertainyouneedit._6.Thosewholieandcheatwillnevergetawaywithit._7.Thetheoryofevolutionisthescientificideathatplantsandanimalsdevelopandchangegraduallyoveralongperiodoftime._8.Weadvocatestrictcontrolofpollutiontoprotecttheenvironment._,诱惑,(做了错事)不受惩罚,进化,提倡,(二)同义词语替换9.Themovieisaboutasweet，touchingromancestorybetweenagirlandaboyaftertheironlineencounter._10.Fiveminutesfromtheend，theouteofthematchwasstillindoubt._,moving,result,.长难句理解1.Whenaskedwhymusicwassoimportanttoher，shesaid，“Musiciseverything.Idofeelpartofit.Thewholeworldismusic.”句式分析本句话主干为简单句五种句型中的结构，主干的主语是，谓语是，宾语是直接引语“Musiciseverything.Idofeelpartofit.Thewholeworldismusic.”。Whenaskedwhymusicwassoimportanttoher是从句的省略形式，补充完整为_。,主谓宾,she,said,状语,Whenshewas,askedwhymusicwassoimportanttoher,精美译文,当被问到为什么音乐对她那么重要时，她说：“音乐就是一切，我觉得自己是它的一部分，音乐是全世界。”,2.Forexample，insomeshopsandcarparksyoucanfindanhonestyboxaboxwhereyoupayforsomethingbyputtingmoneyinitbutitreliesonyoutoputtherightamountofcashin.句式分析本句是并列句，第一个简单句是youcanfindanhonestybox；aboxwhereyoupayforsomethingbyputtingmoneyinit是同位语，对前面的anhonestybox加以解释；whereyoupayforsomethingbyputtingmoneyinit是从句。第二个简单句是itreliesonyoutoputtherightamountofcashin。,定语,精美译文_,例如，在一些商店和停车场，你会发现诚实盒子，就是你往里面放你买东西所花的钱的盒子，但是在盒子里放入正确数目的钱这依靠你自己。,
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