高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解基础训练（五）11

河南南乐县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础训练（五）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2013江西临川一中压轴考试】Since we are social beings，the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships.One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful (有压力的) conditions.Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems.People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties.Studies over types of illnesses，from depression to heart disease，show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness，and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.First，friends，relatives and coworkers may let us know that they value us.Our selfrespect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties.Second，other people often provide us with informational support.They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them.Third，we typically find social companionship supportive.Taking part in freetime activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles.Finally，other people may give us instrumental supportmoney aid，material resources，and needed servicesthat reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.1Interpersonal relationships are important because they can_.Adeal with life changesBsmooth away daily problemsCmake people live more easilyDcure types of illnesses2The researches show that peoples physical and mental health_.Ahas much to do with the amount of support they get from othersBlies in the social medical care systems which support themCdepends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troublesDis related to their courage for dealing with major life changes.3Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions”？Atakes place ofBmakes up of Clessens the effect ofDgets rid of4Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of_.Ainstrumental support Binformational supportCsocial companionship Dthe strengthening of selfrespect5What is the subject discussed in the text?AEffects of stressful conditions.BKinds of social support.CWays to deal with stress.DInterpersonal relationships.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了我们是社会性的动物，所以我们的生活质量很大程度上取决于人际关系。1解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to deal with major life changes and daily problems.Studies over types of illnesses”可知，A、B、D三项的内容只是问题的一部分，都比较片面。答案：C2解析：细节理解题。researches和studies都是研究的意思，根据第一段的最后一句话中“Studies over types of illnesses，from depression to heart disease，show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness，and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.”可知A项正确。B、C两项在文中没有提及，而D选项只提到了life changes，内容太片面。答案：A3解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“.the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against.”可知，画线词所在句子的句意为：社会支持以许多方式减轻压力。take place of代替；make up of构成，组成；lessen the effect of减少影响，免受影响；get rid of摆脱，除掉，去掉。答案：C4解析：细节理解题。在最后一段中，作者给出了几种不同的support。第一种是“friends，relatives and coworkers may let us know that they value us.”即从朋友、亲戚和同事那获得的支持；第二种是“other people often provide us with informational support.”即别人为我们提供的信息帮助和支持；第三种是“we typically find social companionship supportive.Taking part in freetime activities with others.”即社会关系或友情中得到的支持或帮助；最后一种是“other people may give us instrumental support”即别人给我们提供的实质性支持。答案：C5解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“Since we are social beings，the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships.”可知，D项正确。答案：D。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 (Exploration on the Origin of Continents) The origin of continental nuclei has long been a puzzle. Theories advanced so far have generally failed to explain the first step in continent growth, or have been subject to serious objections. It is the purpose of this article to examine the possible role of the impact of large meteorites or asteroids in the production of continental nuclei. Unfortunately, the geological evolution of the Earths surface has had an obliterating effect on the original composition and structure of the continents to such an extent that further terrestrial investigations have small chance of arriving at an unambiguous answer to the question of continental origin. Paradoxically, clues to the origin and early history of the surface features of the Earth may be found on the Moon and planets, rather than on the Earth, because some of these bodies appear to have had a much less active geological history. As a result, relatively primitive surface features are preserved for study and analysis. In the case of both the Moon and Mars, it is generally concluded from the appearance of their heavily cratered surfaces that they have been subjected to bombardment by large meteoroids during their geological history. Likewise, it would appear a reasonable hypothesis that the Earth has also been subjected to meteoroid bombardment in the past, and that very large bodies struck the Earth early in its geological history. The large crater on the Moon listed by Baldwin has a diameter of 285 km. However, if we accept the hypotheses of formation of some of the mare basins by impact, the maximum lunar impact crater diameter is probably as large as 650km. Based on a lunar analogy, one might expect several impact craters of at least 500km diameter to have been formed on Earth. By applying Baldwins equation, the depth of such a crater should be about 20km. Baldwin admits that his equation gives excessive depths for large craters so that the actual depth should be somewhat smaller. Based on the measured depth of smaller lunar crater. Baldwins equation gives the depth of the zone of brecciation for such a crater as about 75km. The plasticity of the Earths mantle at the depth makes it impossible to speak of “bracciation” in the usual sense. However, local stresses may be temporarily sustained at that depth, as shown by the existence of deep-focus earthquakes. Thus, short-term effects might be expected to a depth of more than 50km in the mantle.Even without knowing the precise effects, there is little doubt that the formation of a 500-km crater would be a major geological event. Numerous authors have considered the geological implications of such an event. Donn et al. have, for example, called on the impact of continent-size bodies of sialic composition to from the original continents. Two major difficulties inherent in this concept are the lack of any known sialic meteorites, and the high probability that the energy of impact would result in a wide dissemination of sialic material, rather than its concentration at the point of impact.Gilvarry, on the other hand, called on meteoroid impact to explain the production of ocean basins. The major difficulties with this model are that the morphology of most of the ocean basins is not consistent with impact, and that the origin and growth of continents is not adequately explained. We agree with Donn at al. that the impact of large meteorites or asteroids may have caused continent formation, but would rather think in terms of the localized addition of energy to the system, rather than in terms of the addition of actual sialic material.1. A mare basin is A. a formula for determining the relationship between the depth and width of craters. . a valley that is filled in when a spatial body has impact with the moon or the earth.C. a planetoid (small planet) created when a meteorite, upon striking the moon, breaks off a part of the moon.D. a dark spot on the moon, once supposed to be a sea, now a plain.2. The writer does not believe thatA. an asteroid is larger than a meteorite. material from space, upon hitting the earth, was eventually distributed.C. the earth, at one time, had craters.D. ocean were formerly craters.3. The article is primarily concerned withA. the origin of continents. the relationship between astral phenomena and the moon.C. differences of opinion among authoritative geologists.D. the relationship between asteroids and meteorites.4. Sialic material refers to A. the broken rock resulting from the impact of a meteorite against the earth. material that exists on planets other than the earth.C. a composite of rock typical of continental areas of the earth.D. material that is man-made to simulate materials that existed far back in geological history.Vocabulary1. meteorit 陨石，陨星2. asteroid （火星和木星轨道间）小行星3. obliterate 除去，消减痕迹4. crater 火山口，陨石坑5. mare 海，（也指月亮，火星上的）阴暗区6. impact 撞击7. impact crater 陨石坑，撞击火山8. brecciate 合成角砾岩 the zone of brecciation 角砾岩地带9. mantle 地幔10. stress 应力 local stress 局部（本身）应力11. sialic 硅铝的12. probability 概率，可能性13. disseminate 传播，分散，浸染14. morphology 组织，结构，形态（学）15. astral 星（星状体）的难句译注1. Unfortunately, the geological evolution of the Earths surface has had an obliterating effect on the original composition and structure of the continents to such an extent that further terrestrial investigations have small chance of arriving at an unambiguous answer to the question of continental origin.结构简析 句中用suchthat 句型。参考译文 遗憾的是，地球表面的地质变化对大陆原始结构和组成起了抹煞的作用。这种消除作用达到了这种程度，使进一步的大陆的研究工作很难对大陆起源问题去得明确的答案。2. In the case of both the Moon and Mars. It is generally concluded from the appearance of their heavily cratered surfaces that they have been subjected to bombardment by large meteoroids during their geological history.结构简析 in the case of 就说，至于，论到。参考译文 拿月亮和火星来说，一般都从它们表面严重的陨石坑得出结论：它们在其地质进化过程中遭到过巨大的陨星的撞击。3. Two major difficulties inherent in this concept are the lack of any known sialic meteorites, and the high probability that the energy of impact would result in a wide dissemination of sialic material, rather than its concentration at the point of impact.结构简析 that clause 是high probability 的说明同位语。参考译文 这一概念本身固有的两大难点是缺乏任何已知的硅铝陨石和下列现象的高概率：即撞击的能量会导致硅铝材料广泛分散，而不是集中于撞击点上。写作方法与文章大意 文章一开始就说明了此文论述“大陆核生成过程中大的陨星的撞击作用。”由于地球表面地质进化抹去了大陆原始结构和组成的痕迹，只好由月亮和火星作为研究对象来说明地球。从三方面来论述：一是鲍德温的方程式，深度和宽度；二是硅铝组成；三是海洋盆地。最后结论。答案祥解1. D. 是月球上的一个黑点，一度认识是海，现在知道是平原。Mare basin海盆地。词义本身说明D项对。另一方面，第二段开始提及“鲍德温所列出的月球上最大的陨石坑直径为285公里。可是，如果我们接受了某些由于撞击而形成海盆地的结构假设，那么月球上最大陨石坑的直径可能有650公里大。”这里都说mare basin指的是月球上陨石坑。这就排除了A,B,C三个选项。A. 是测定陨石坑深度和宽度的公式。 B. 当某一天体或地球撞击时填入的深谷。 C. 当陨星撞击月亮时，撞掉的部分月亮而形成小星体。2. D. 海洋是原来的陨石坑。倒数第二段“另一方面，Gilvarry 用陨星撞击来解释海洋盆地的形成。这一模式的最大困难在于大多数海洋盆地结构和撞击情况不符。”A. 小行星大于陨星。 B. 来自太空的材料，在撞击地球时，均匀分布。 C. 地球一度有过陨石坑。这三项明显不对， 谈不上相信不相信。3. A. 大陆起源。这在文章一开始就点明“大陆核起源长期以来一直是个谜。进展到现在的理论一般都不能说明大陆生长的第一步情况，或者遭到严厉的反对。这篇文章的目的就是要研究大陨星或小行星的撞击在地球核生成中可能起的作用。”另见难句译注1。 B. 星际现象和月球的关系。 C. 权威地质学家意见分歧。 D. 小行星和陨星之间的关系。4. C. 地球大陆地区特有的岩石构成。第三段第三句：“举例说，Donn et al.提出大陆区域大小的，硅铝结构的天体撞击形成最初的大陆块的设想。”其它见难句译注3。 A. 由于陨星撞击地球形成破碎的岩石。 B. 存在于地球之外其它星球的材料。 C. 人造材料模拟存在于遥远地质史上的材料。三项文内都没有提到。广告型阅读理解- (二)CUYAHOGA COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARYBay Village Branch, 502 Cahoon Road, 4408716392.The Egyptian Pyramids, 7 pm Sept. 17. Join us as Don King, a longtime student of Egyptology, discusses the pyramids and presents the possible theories of the construction, design and mysteries surrounding these ancient wonders.Join us as local Bay Village resident, Tom Bell, discusses his book My Dad Is a Freak: a Memoir, 7 pm Sept. 27.Fairview Park Branch, 21255 Lorain Road, 4403334700 or cuyahogalibrary.org.Dress for Success, 7 pm Sept. 17. First impressions count. Some job recruiters(招聘人员) use appearance to determine selfesteem, respect, confidence and organizational skills. Learn how to dress to emphasize your strengths and improve your employ ability. Registration required.Music Study Groups, 1：152：45 pm Wednesdays, Sept. 19Nov. 28. Explore current concert music performed by The Cleveland Orchestra at Severance Hall through informal lectures and listening. Classes are designed for both new and experienced music lovers and are led by Dr Rose Breckenridge.Practical Herbs, 7 pm Oct. 3. Famous doctor Sarah Hurt will talk about growing, drying and storing herbs and how to use them. Registration required.North Olmsted Branch, 27403 Lorain Road. 4407776211 or cuyahogalibrary.org.Job Club, 1：303：00 pm Sept. 17. Join Jim Hansen for helpful tips on resumes, job search strategies and interviewing. Anyone who is job hunting or looking to change careers is welcome.War of 1812, 7：008：45 pm Sept. 17. This year marks the 200th anniversary. Professor Catherine Rokicky from Cuyahoga Community College will give a presentation about the war, and immediately following well discuss the book Mr and Mrs Madisons War: Americas First Couple and the Second War of Independence by Hugh Howard. Registration required.Olmsted Falls Library, 7850 Main St., Olmsted Falls. 4402351150 or cuyahogalibrary.org.Family Storytime, 7：007：30 pm Wednesdays, through Nov. 27. Join us for rhymes, songs, fingerplays and a story or two. For children from birth through age 8 with their caregivers.Huntington Practice SAT Test, 10 am to 1 pm Sept. 15. Follow up, 45 pm Sept. 26. Get ready for college by taking a practice SAT exam. Discuss strategies to improve your score, and get tips on preparing for the real exam. Registration required.Imaginative Illustrations, 11 am to noon Sept. 29. A handson drawing program where children exercise their imagination while experiencing some basic techniques of cartooning. Grades K5. Registration required.1There are many activities for you to choose from on Sept. 17 EXCEPT _Alistening to a speech which is about the warBattending a discussion about ancient Egyptian pyramidsCattending a program about how to reduce exam anxietyDlearning about how to leave a good first impression on others2If you want to study some medical knowledge, you can call _A4408716392 B4403334700C4407776211 D44023511503If you want to learn how to educate your children, you should contact _ABay Village Branch B. North Olmsted BranchCFairview Park Branch D. Olmsted Falls Library4In order to help yourself find a new job soon, youd better go to _ABay Village Branch and Fairview Park BranchBNorth Olmsted Branch and Olmsted Falls LibraryCFairview Park Branch and North Olmsted BranchDFairview Park Branch and Olmsted Falls Library5It is learned from the passage that _Ayou can study music for more than one month in Fairview Park BranchByou can get the information about the four branches on the InternetCyou can choose to take part in all the mentioned events in the afternoonDboth Don King and Catherine Rokicky are college professors(二)【要点综述】 本文为广告，主要介绍一家社区公共图书馆的四个分部所举办的相关活动的时间及内容。1C细节理解题。根据“Huntington Practice SAT Test，10 am to 1 pm Sept.15.Follow up，45 pm Sept.26.Get ready for college by taking a practice SAT exam.Discuss strategies to improve your score，and get tips on preparing for the real exam.”可判断学习应试技巧的时间是9月15日和26日，故选C项。2B推理判断题。根据“Practical Herbs，7 pm Oct.3.Famous doctor Sarah Hurt will talk about growing，drying and storing herbs and how to use them.”可推断，要学习医学知识需要拨打4403334700，故选B项。3D推理判断题。根据“Olmsted Falls Library”下面的内容可判断其活动均与孩子的教育有关，故选D项。4C细节理解题。根据“Dress for Success，7 pm Sept.17.First impressions count.Some job recruiters(招聘人员) use appearance to determine selfesteem，respect，confidence and organizational skills.Learn how to dress to emphasize your strengths and improve your employ ability.”和“Job Club，1：303：00 pm Sept. 17.Join Jim Hansen for helpful tips on resumes，job search strategies and interviewing.Anyone who is job hunting or looking to change careers is welcome.”可判断其均与求职有关，故选C项。5A细节理解题。根据“Music Study Groups，1：152：45 pm Wednesdays，Sept.19Nov.28.”可判断选A项。