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SusanEbbers2005,1,EnglishWordsfromLatintherestismadeupofinterjections,conjunctions,prepositions,suffixes,etc.Thesefigurestakenoaccountofentrieswithsensesfordifferentpartsofspeech(suchasnounandadjective).,SusanEbbers2005,3,Yea,yea,sogettothepoint,Thissuggeststhatthereare,attheveryleast,aquarterofamilliondistinctEnglishwords,excludinginflections,andwordsfromtechnicalandregionalvocabularynotcoveredbytheOED,orwordsnotyetaddedtothepublisheddictionary,ofwhichperhaps20percentarenolongerincurrentuse.Ifdistinctsenseswerecounted,thetotalwouldprobablyapproach.,SusanEbbers2005,4,Areyoureadyforthis?,threequartersofamillion750,000Thatsalotawords!,SusanEbbers2005,5,Realworlddemands.,Only30%of4thgradersareproficientreadersNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress(NAEP2007)42millionadultsintheUSarefunctionallyilliterate,meaningthatcantreadthefrontpageofthenewspaper.(NAEP2007)Lackofvocabularycanbeacrucialfactorunderlyingtheschoolfailureofdisadvantagestudents(Becker,1977;Bielmiller,1999).,SusanEbbers2005,6,Theaveragesixthgradestudentknowsapproximately25,000words.Theaveragehighschoolgraduateknowsapproximately50,000words.Thismeansthataveragestudentslearnroughly2000-3,000wordsayear(Graves,2007).Thistranslatesto8wordsaday,7daysaweek,52weeksayear-includingweekendsorsummers.,Shrinkingpersonalvocabularies,SusanEbbers2005,7,SomespecificsontheimportanceofvocabularyGrowingupinpovertycanseriouslyrestrictthevocabularychildrenlearnbeforebeginningschoolandmakeattaininganadequatevocabularyaverychallengingtask(Coyne,Simmons,White,Graves,mayalsobereferredtoasabasewordinspector,thermalaffix:meaningfulpartofawordattachedbeforeorafterarootorbasewordtomodifyitsmeaningprefix:anaffixwhichisplacedbeforethestemofawordre-,un-,dis-suffix:anaffixwhichisplacedafterthestemofaword-able,-ive,-lyderivation-awordformedfromanexistingword,root,oraffix:electric,electricity,SusanEbbers2005,12,20MostFrequentPrefixesinSchoolTexts,SusanEbbers2005,13,Prefixes:MeaningandConnotation,SusanEbbers2005,14,DerivationalSuffixes,DerivationalsuffixeschangethepartofspeechwordsendingwithtionareoftennounswordsendingwithiveareoftenadjectiveswordsendingwithishareoftenadjectiveswordsendingwithityareoftennounsWhatabout-ment,-ous,-ness?,SusanEbbers2005,15,GreekCombiningForms,SusanEbbers2005,16,CountinginGreekandLatin,SusanEbbers2005,17,Developingcontent-specific,academicvocabularydependsonabasicunderstandingofGreekandLatin,SixtypercentofthewordsinEnglishtextsareofLatinandGreekoriginBearetal.,1996;Henry,1997,SusanEbbers2005,18,Content-SpecificGreekTermsAnatomyandMedicalTermsesophagus,thyroid,diagnosis,psoriasis,dyslexiaStudiesandSciencesbiology,seismology,morphology,geochronometryAnimalsandPlantsarachnid,amphibian,chlorophyll,dinosaur,nectarTheatreandtheArtscharisma,drama,chorus,muse,symphony,acoustics,SusanEbbers2005,19,LookInsideLookOutsidepneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosisLookinsidethewordforknownwordparts:prefixes,rootsorcombiningforms,suffixes.Usetheanalogystrategy“Idontknowthisword,butIknowpneumoniaandIknowvolcano,sobyanalogy,thiswordmighthavesomethingtodowithlungsandheat.”Lookoutsidethewordatcontextclues,visualsThecoalminers,coughingandwheezing,sufferedfrompneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis.,SusanEbbers2005,20,SowhatexactlyarewegoingtodohereatOltmanMiddleSchool?,LearntousecontextclueseffectivelyStudyandpracticemostcommonrootwordsStudyandpracticemostfrequentlyusedprefixesandsuffixesLearntouseTHEIVESasareadingstrategytouseallthecluesinthetexttouncoverwordmeaning.,SusanEbbers2005,21,So,Ready?Set?Herewego!,
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