高中英语必修一第二单元重点

高中英语必修一第二单元重点、难点 Unit Two English around the world1、 At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.到16世纪末，大约有五百万到七百万人说英语。易混辨析：at the end of / by the end of / in the end / at an end 1. at the end of 在.末尾Can you see the two lights at the end of the hall? 你能看见大厅尽头的两个灯吗？2. by the end of在.末尾We had finished learning the first book by the end of last month. 到上个月月末我们已经把第一本书学完了。3. in the end = at last 最后The sports meet was held in the end. 运动会终于举行了。4. at an end 结束；终结 The chairman put the tiring discussion at an end. 会议主席结束了烦人的讨论。特别提示：1. at the end of和by the end of 都表示“在.末尾”，即可表示时间概念，也可表示空间概念。但at the end of表示段的概念，而by the end of表示点的概念。2. 当by the end of表示时间概念时，句子谓语一般用过去完成时或将来完成时。命题动向：这几个短语一般考查意思的辨析或者考查题干中有“by the end of +时间”句子谓语的时态。即时活用：1、How many English words_ you _ by the end of last month?A. has; learned B. had; learned C. did; learn D. would; learn 答案：B2、By the time he gets home, his aunt _ for Puerto Rico . A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 答案：C3、The peace-loving people in the world strongly desire that an end should _ the conflict in Greece.A. be put to B. put up C. ending D. bring 答案：A4、He had learned English well _ the end of six month. A. in B. at C. though D. by 答案：B2、 In some important ways they are very different from one another. 在一些重要的地方，他们互相有区别。易混辨析：each other 和one anothereach other 和one another都是相互代词，都表示“互相”。但each other指“两者之间”或“两两之间”，而one another指“两者以上之间”We should learn and help each other in our class. 在我们班我们应该互相学习，互相帮助。The six blind men could not agree with one another. 六个盲人不能互相同意别人的说法。特别提示：each other 和one another的名词所有格形式是：each others 和one anothers。3、Id like to come up to your apartment. 我愿意去你的公寓。come up 走进；上来She came up and said, “ Glad to meet you”. 她走过来说：“很高兴见到你”。联想扩展：come about 发生 come across 偶然碰到 come around 回来；恢复知觉 come off 实现；离开；举行；成为 come on 赶快；来临；出场；上演 come out 出版；出现；长出；结果是 come into being 形成 come though 经历 come to 总计；达到；复原 come to the point 切中要害 come true 实现；达到 come up with 提出；提供即时活用：Not getting that job was a big disappointment. Dont worry. Something better will _.A. come along B. take on C. turn on D. carry on 答案：A 出现4、It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 它比我们现在所讲的英语更多的以德语为基础。present用法归纳：( 1 ) adj. 在场；出席；存在He was the only Englishman present. 他是唯一一个出席会议的英国人。Oxygen is present in the air. 空气中有氧气。( 2 ) n. 目前；礼物At present I am living in Xian. 目前我住在西安。 Father often gives me presents. 父亲常给我买礼物。( 3 ) v. 赠与；呈递He presented a check to the fund. 他给基金会赠了一张支票。She presented her case to the meeting. 她把她的案子递到了大会上。即时活用：1、We _ with a number of plans and will give careful consideration to all of them. A. presented B. are presenting C. have presented D. have been presented 答案：D2、The report about the _ surprised all the _.A. present situation; people present B. present situation; present peopleC. situation present; people who present D. situation present; presented people 答案：A3、All the people _ at the party were his supporters.A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important 答案：A4、All the people _ at the party were his supporters .A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important 答案：A5、Lets leave things as they are _ , even though we may have a change later on .A. present B. presently C. at present D. for the present 答案：B5、So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。make use of 利用；使用 You should make good use of your time. 你应该很好的利用你的时间。联想扩展：make the most of 充分利用 make the best of充分利用 make out 明白；理解 make up 编造；构成；弥补 make a noise 吵闹 make sure 确保make a contribution to 对做贡献 make a mistake 出差错 make up of 由组成 make it 办成；做到；成功；赶上 make of 理解；由制造 make up to 接近；巴结；向求婚 make up for 弥补 make over 把（财产）转让 make away 离去；逃走 make away with 携而逃；浪费 make for 走向；冲向 make off with携而逃make down 改小（衣服） make out of 用制造 make out 书写；开列 make fun of 开玩笑即时活用：1、A small boy is surrounded by a group of children. He _ fun of by them.A. is making B. is being made C. is made D. has made 答案：B2、Every minute must be made full use of _our lessons, for the college entrance examination is coming. A. going over B. to go over C. go over D. our going over 答案：B6、Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. 最后到19世纪语言被确定下来。settle 用法归纳：（1）解决；处理 With a lot of problems to settle, the newly-elected president will have a hard time.由于有很多问题要解决，新当选的总统将会有一段艰难的时光。（2）结/付账 Please let me settle the bill this time. 这次让我付账吧。（3）定居 We settled in Xian some seventy years ago. 我们70年前定居在西安。（4）安定下来 Hes just a drifter he cant settle down anywhere. 他只是个流浪汉，没地方安定下来。（5）把安顿好 The nurse settled the children first and then went to bed. 阿姨把孩子们安顿好然后才去睡觉。特别提示：表示“定居下来”用settle in + place；表示“安定下来”用settle down。联想扩展：settle into 习惯于 settle in for 安心做 settle into sleep 慢慢进入梦乡 settle down to sth. 专心致志于 settle down into 陷入命题动向及解题技巧：考查settle时多考查settle构成的动词不定式的主动和被动式作定语或宾语补足语。如果不定式的动作由句子中存在的人发出，就用主动式to settle; 如果不定式的动作由句子中不存在的人发出，就用被动式 to be settled。即时活用：1、With a lot of difficult problems _, the manager felt worried all the time.Asettled Bto be settled Csettling Dto settle 答案：B2、 Do you know anyone in Chicago ? - No, but Ill made friends once _.A. Im settled B. Ill be settled C. Ive been settled D. I have settled 答案：D7、The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling. 后者给了美国英语不同的定义。易混辨析：late later latter latest（1）late 为形容词，表示“晚；迟到”。句型是：be late forStudents should apologize to their teacher for their being late for school. 学生迟到了就应该向老师道歉。(2) later 即可作形容词，也可作副词。作形容词为late的比较级，表示“更迟的”。作副词表示“后来”或“之后”。I cant pay now, please bill me later. 我现在付不了帐，以后把账单寄给我。He studied medicine at first, but some years later he turned to literature. 开始他学医，几年后他转学文学。(3) latter adj. 后面的；后者的Many support the former alternative, but personally I favor the latter很多人支持前一个选择，但我个人支持后者。(4) latest adj. 最新的；最近的 Is there any latest news in todays newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么新消息吗？特别提示：这四个词拼写很相近，同学们在做题时一定要认真分辨、判断。8、The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling. 后者给了美国英语不同的定义。本句中separate为形容词，意为“分别的；不同的”，但separate作动词被考几率更大。易混辨析：separate divide 分开(1) separate 表示“把两个相连或相邻的物体分开”。 句型为：separate A from B.The Cook Strait separates the North Island from the South Island. 库克海峡把北岛和南岛分开。(2) divide 表示“把一个整体分成多少份”。A. divide into 把分成几份 The teacher divided the class into four groups. 老是把整个班级分成了四组。B. dividein half 把一分为二 Divide the apple and share it with your brother. 把苹果切开，和弟弟分吃了。C. divideby 除 If you divide thirty by five, you can get six. 如果你用30除5，就会得到6.特别提示：1. separate 的被动式为：A be separated from B byAsia is separated from Europe by the Urals.亚洲和欧洲被乌拉尔山脉分开。2. 几除以几等于多少 用 What is + 数次 divided by + 数次？What is thirty divided by five? 三十除以五得几？命题动向：这两个词主要考查意义的区别以及搭配。即时活用：1、The English Channel , _ England from France , is wide enough for her to swim across.A. separated B. separates C. is separates D. separating 答案：D2、The park, _ into two sections along a stream has a couple of small bridges built over the stream.A. divides B. dividing C. is divided D. divided 答案：D3、He divided the tools _ the children, who were _ three groups.A. between; separated from B. among; divided into C. between; divided into D. among; separated from 答案：B4、The teacher _ his students_ five groups.A dividedinto B. separatedfrom .C. separatedinto D. dividedfrom 答案：A5、As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. spared B. lost .C separated D. missed 答案：C9、English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.在新加坡和马来西亚人们说英语，并且在像南非这样的非洲国家人们也说英语。易混辨析：such as 和 for example such as用来列举同类事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个。插在被列举事物和前面的名词之间。后面列举的事物的数量不能等于它前面的总和，一旦相等就要用that is或namely.for example 用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或物中的一个为例。作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。takefor example “举为例”为固定句型。I have two good friends at school, namely Liu Wei and Wen Li. 我在学校有两个好朋友，他们是刘伟和文力。You can buy fruit here - oranges and bananas, for example. 你可以在这里买水果，如桔子和香蕉。即时活用：用such as；for example 和namely填空。1、Some students, _ Liu Tian, studies English well.2、I have many good friends at school, _ Li Hui, Wang Wei and so on.3、We visited some cities during the trip last summer, _ Qingdao, Rizhao and LianYungang.4、The old man can speak two foreign languages well, _ English and French.答案：1、for example 2、such as 3、such as 4、namely10、But it made reading English much more difficult.但是，这使得阅读英语更加困难。make + O + OC用法归纳：(1) make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 Our teacher makes us read English every morning.我们老师每天早上让我们读英语。(2) make + O + 形容词 使某人或某物如何Good friends can make you happy.好朋友能使你快乐。(3) make oneself done 使自己被别人 The speaker spoke louder to make himself heard. 演讲者提高了声音以便于别人能够听到。(4) make + O +名词 使成为You can make the desk a bed. 你可以把桌子当床。 We made him monitor. 我们选他当班长。特别提示：1. make sb. do sth.句型改为被动句时，被省略了to 的宾语补足语前的to必须还原。We are made to read English every morning by our teacher.能用于此规定的动词还有：一感 feel; 二听 hear, listen to 三让 let, have, make 四看 watch, notice, see, observe。2. make oneself done句型中，宾语多用反身代词。3. make + O +n句型中，作宾语补足语的名词如果表示人的身份、称呼、职位、头衔，名词前不能加冠词，但可以加形容词。命题动向：make, let, have, get, allow等近义词多出现在单项选择或完形填空题中，一定要特别注意它们句型上的差异和意义上的区别。即时活用；1、Tom studies very hard and his parents dont have to make him _.A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 答案：A2、Our gun shoots and shouts _ the enemy trembling with fear.A. made B. forced C. left D. caused 答案：A3、The woman , in the end, was made_ the necklace from the shop.A. to admit to have stolen B. to admit having stolen C. admit to having stolen D. admit having stolen 答案：B4、The teacher couldnt make himself _ attention to because the students were so noisy.Ato pay Bto be paid Cpaid Dpay 答案：C5、Most people are complaining now that the _ of education of their children is higher that before.A. cost B. spent C. paid D. use 答案:A6、-You cant speak English. How did you make yourself _. - _.A. understand; By body language B. understanding; With my expressionC. understood; By body movements D. to understand; using gestures 答案：C7、Wang Tao was made _ the dishes for a week as punishment.A. to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing 答案：A8、- How many parts is the bed _ wood _ ? -Three separate parts .A. made of ; made up of B. made from ; made up C. making of ; making up D. making from ; making up of 答案：A11、These men spent nearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionaries.这些人花费了几乎一生的时间为他们的字典收集词汇。表示“花费”的几个词的用法归纳(1) pay 花钱 pay some money for something I paid ten Yuan for the book. 我花十块钱买那本书。特别提示：1. pay的主语必须是人。2. pay for 后跟花钱所买的目标物。如果其后跟的不是目标物，就不能用pay for,只能用pay。如Wait a minute, sir. You forgot to pay the bill. ( pay for your meal) 先生，请等一下。您忘了付账了。(2) spend A. 花钱 spend some money on something I spent ten Yuan on the book. 我花十块钱买那本书。B. 花时间 spend some time on sth / doing sth / in doing sthHow long did you spend writing the paper? 你花了多长时间写这篇论文？特别提示：spend的主语必须是人。命题动向及解题技巧：虽然spend some time on sth / doing sth / in doing sth，但命题时，命题人常常会把句型调整或把顺序打乱，遇到这种情况，同学们最好用还原法把句子还原到spend的原始句型，这样答案就显而易见。另外，有时spend some time后并不跟doing, 而是其他词或结构，同学们一定要审慎题干的意思。(3) cost 花钱 物+cost sb. some moneyThe car cost me almost all my money. 买那辆车几乎花光了我所有的钱。特别提示： cost还有“cost sb. sth. 使付出代价”句型。(4) take 花时间 It takes / took sb. some time to do sth.It took me a week to paint my house. 粉刷房子花了我一个星期的时间。即时活用：1、In order not to be disturbed ,I spent three days _ in my study.Alocking Blocked Cto lock Dlock 答案：B2、Mr. Smith_ much time _ studying Chinese history when he was very young.A. cost; in B. spent; on C. took; on D. use; on 答案：B3、Lets see how much has been _ building the new house.A. paid B. cost C. spent D. taken 答案：C4、 What did she _ so much money? - Nothing but a necklace made of glass.A. spend on B. pay for C. buy for D. sell to 答案：C5、A single mistake here could _ you your life.A. pay B.take C. spend D.cost 答案：D12、In winter it felt like a barn, he had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm.冬天，那个房子感觉就像车库，他不得不穿上厚厚的大衣并且把双脚放在盒子里保暖。wear, dress, put on, have on, in, be dressed in, pull on, with 穿 用法归纳：(1)强调动作sb. dress sb./oneself sb. put on (衣服、鞋、帽等) sb. pull on (衣服、鞋、帽等)(2)强调状态sb. wear (衣服、鞋、帽、手套、眼镜、头发、胡须等) sb. have on (衣服、鞋、帽、手套等)sb. in (颜色、衣服) sb. be dressed in (颜色、衣服)特别提示：pull on表示不经心的、随随便便或匆匆忙忙地穿/戴上。wear可用于进行时态，也可用wearing作状语或定语。have on不能用于进行时态。in除了和be连用作表语外，还可单独作定语。with只能接眼镜、手套等；用作定语。命题动向：wear主要考查“留着；戴着”及现在分词作定语的用法。dress主要考查后跟人及dressed作定语的用法。即时活用：1、Every morning, she has to _ her baby. A. wear B. dressC. have onD. put on 答案：B2. Before liberation there were many areas in China where poor people were dressed _ rags and could not make their ends meet. A. in B. on C. with D. off 答案：A3、-Were you in a hurry when you came out? You_ your socks inside out. -Oh, I didnt notice that. A. are wearing B. were wearing C. wore D. had worn 答案：A4、She _ a beautiful nightgown. A. dressed B. wore C. was dressing D. clothed 答案：C5、They saw a lady beautifully _.A. dressed B. dressing C. being dressed D. well dressing 答案：A6、Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you _ yesterday?A. tried on B. put on C. had on D. pulled on 答案：C7、Do you know the girl _ a red coat? A. dressed in B. had on C. wore D. put on 答案：A13、havedifficult/trouble/problems + in dong/ with sth. 句型及用法用法归纳：1. 人 +have /has + much / great / a lot of (有) / little / no(没有) + difficulty / trouble +(in) doing sth某人在做某事方面有/没有困难Most students have no difficulty working out the math problem.做出这道数学题大部分同学都没困难。2. 人 +have /has + much / great / a lot of (有) / little / no(没有) + difficulty / trouble + with sth某人在某方面有/没有困难Do you have any trouble with your English? 你在英语方面有困难吗？特别提示：1. 疑问句中用any而不用much / great / a lot of (有) / little / no(没有)。2. 这个句型中，with后只能跟名词，不能跟doing。3. 表示所有人都有困难或没有困难时，主语和谓语部分要用there be 句型。命题动向及解题技巧：命题时，命题人一般会把difficulty / trouble前置，这时就会出现have后跟（in） doing 的情况。这是对的。这种情况下，同学们千万不能选过去分词。只要同学们用还原法把句子还原到原始状态就能理解。即时活用：1、You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had_ her children.A. brought up B. to bring up C. bringing up D. to have brought up 答案：C2、We have _ in explaining it _ him.A. many difficulties; to B. much difficulty; for C. much difficulty; to D. many difficulties; for 答案：C3、My desk mate has some trouble _ spelling some of the words in American English while I have some difficulty _ pronunciation. A. with; with B. in; with C. in; in D. with; in 答案：B4、You can never imagine what great difficulty I have _ your house. A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding 答案B 5、I wonder what difficulty he had _ the plan .A. to carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. with carrying out 答案：B 14、a good/great many 和a good/great many of 的区别用法归纳：a good many 和 a great many 都表示“许多，大量的”。A great many students in our school are from the countryside. 我们学校很多学生来自农村。特别提示：当a good many 和 a great many所修饰的名词前有冠词、指示代词和物主代词修饰时，在a good many 和 a great many后要加of。I bought a good many of these apples last night. 昨晚我买了许多这样的苹果。命题动向：主要考查a good many 和 a great many后加of的情况。即时活用：_ the houses were knocked down in the earthquake.A. A great many B. The number of C. A great many of D. A great deal 答案：C15、So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。名词所有格的几种用法归纳：（1）有生命的物体的所有格用“s”或“s”。1）单数名词加“s”。如：the girls excuse, the students pen2）复数名词的所有格有两种形式：a）词尾有s的复数名词加“”。如：Teachers Day, parentsresponsibilityb）词尾无s的复数名词加“s”。如：Childrens Day, womens hospital（2）凡不能加“s”的无生命的物体名词，都可以与of构成短语，表示所有关系。如：the legs of the desk，the cover of the book特别提示：表示时间，距离，长度，重量，价格的名词可以加“s”或“”，表示所有格。如：Chinas reform, two days leave, a stone s throw, ten miles walk（3）合成名词或名词短语的所有格是在最后一个词的词尾加“s”或“”。如： my mother-in-laws request, an hour and a halfs ride（4）当a, an, this, these, those, some, any, no, few等词和名词所有格修饰同一名词时，两者不能同时放在该名词前面，此时要用双重所有格形式。但应注意，名词前不能加the。即：a（ this, that, few, three）+名词+of+名词所有格名词性物主代词That girl of your brothers is a dear. 你兄弟的女儿是个可爱的孩子。A book of your fathers is not so good. 你爸爸有一本书写得不好。特别提示：双重所有格of后跟所有格还是普通格意义不同。跟所有格表示是其中之一或厌恶或赞赏等情绪；跟普通格表示“是还是不是”之意。如：Who told you that？谁告诉你那个？A friend of your fathers你爸爸的一个朋友。If he says such things, he is not a friend of my father. 如果他说了这样的话，他就不是我爸爸的朋友。（5）所属关系用to的情况：钥匙（key）,答案（answer）,纪念碑（monument）；注释（note），索引（index）和附录（appendix）;出口（exit）,入口（entrance），桥（bridge）与路（road, way）；所属关系都用to。如：When he got home, he found he had lost the key to the room. 回到家，他发现把房子的钥匙丢了。Read the passage carefully and find out the answers to the following questions.认真阅读这段文章并找出下列问题的答案。16、Can you find the following command and request from reading? 你能从阅读文章中找出下面命令和请求吗？request 请求；要求用法归纳：(1) request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 My mother often requests me to do some housework. 妈妈常要求我做家务。(2)request to do sth 要求做某事 The little boy requested to do something he could. 小男孩要求做些他力所能及的事情。(3) request sth from / of sb. 向某人要某物 Can I request a word of you? 能求你说句话吗？(4) request that sb. (should)do sth. 要求某人做 We requested that he tell us the truth. 我们要求他告诉我们实情。特别提示：一坚持：insist 二命令：order, command 三建议：advise, suggest, propose 四要求：ask, demand, require, request 后跟宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语要用should +动词原形，should可以省略。联想扩展：make a request 请求 at the request of 依照；按的要求命题动向：考查request时，主要考查request跟宾语从句时宾语从句谓语动词的用法。有时还会考查request, require 和其他动词词义以及句型的区别。 即时活用：The chairman requested that _.A. the members studied more carefully the problem B. the problem was more carefully studiedC. with more carefulness the problem could be studied D. the members study the problem more carefully 答案：D