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语法复习专题（一）名词性从句一、考点聚焦 1、名词性从句中连接词的运用名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。（1）that的用法。主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that .（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that （D）It seems/happens that。如：It happened that I went out last night. It is said that China will win in the World Cup.that和what的区别。that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词即常说的先行词 + that。如：Its shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） （2）whether和if的用法。whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：It all depends on whether they will come back.后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：Thank you, but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.（3）疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别。疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished。Whatever you do, you must do it well. no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：No matter what you do, you must do it well.No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished. （4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：They put forward the question where they could get the money.This is the place where the accident happened.2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,I didnt know you were in London. How long have you been here?The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.3、名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me what was the matter with me.Weve heard the news that well move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.二、精典名题导解1. A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.(NMET 2001)A.how B.after C.what D.when2. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off ? (NMET 99)A.why B.when C.what D.where3. I hate _ when peope talk with their mouths full.(NMET 98)A.it B.that C.these D.them4.I think Father would like to know Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A. which B. why C. what D. how5.We cannot figure out quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.A. that B. as C. why D. when6.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire do is walk in space.A. where B. what C. that D. how1-6CAACCB2013年高考单项选择分类解析：名词性从句1. 【2013北京31】_ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. That B. What C. Who D. Which2. 【2013北京33】 Experts believe _ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. why B. where C. that D. what3. 【2013湖南28】. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. how B. that C. which D. where4. 【2013江西30】_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever5. 【2013山东30】Its good to know_ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 6. 【2013陕西20】It remains to be seen the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. A. that B. which C. what D. whether7. 【2013四川6】 _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A. When B. How C. What D. That8. 【2013天津15】 I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What9. 【2013新课标I卷26】Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.A. which B. where C. how D. what10. 【2013浙江16】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A. how B. that C. which D. whether11. 【2013重庆28】. _struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.A. That B. It C. What D. Which12. 【2013安徽21】From space, the earth looks blue. This is _about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. A. why B. how C. because D. whether
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