2022年考博英语-复旦大学考前模拟强化练习题90（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-复旦大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题He built a hut on a piece of rough land hear a rock fall. In the wet season there was a plentiful stream, and over the years he encouraged the dry forest to surround him with a thick screen. The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside. In time Melio (not without some terrible mistakes) learnt how to live in spite of the difficulties up on that mountain shelf.His only neighbors were a family group of Parakana Indians who, for reasons known only to themselves, took a liking to Melio. Their Chief never looked closely at Melio and said to himself that this white man was as mad as a snake which chews off its own tail. The parakanas taught Melio to catch fish with the help of a wild plant which made them senseless in the stream. It gave off a powerful drug when shaken violently through the water. They shored him bow to hunt by laying traps and digging. In time Melios piece of land became a regular farm. He bad wild birds, fat long-legged ones and thin nearly featherless chickens, and his corm and sailed fish was enough to keep him stocked up though the wet season.The Parakanas were always around him. Hed never admit it but he could feel that the trees were like the bars of a prison: they were watching him. It was as if he was there by courtesy of the Chief. When they came to him, the Indians never entered his house, with its steeply sloping roof of dried grass and leaves. They had a delicate way of behaving. They showed themselves by standing in the shade of the trees at the clearings edge. He was expected to cross the chicken strip towards them. Then they had a curious but chiming habit of taking a pace hack from him, just one odd step back wards into their green corridors. Melio never could persuade them to come any closer.The group guessed at Melios hatred for his civilized brothers in the towns far away-They knew Melio would never invite any more white men up here. This pleased the Parakanas. It meant that traders looking for rubber and jewels would never reach them. Their Melio would see to that. They were safe with this man and his hatred.1.It is known from the passage that Melio wanted the forest around him to become thick because the dense leaves_.2.The Chiefs comparison of Melio to a snake is intended to show that _.3.Which of the following statements is NOT true?4.To Melio, the Parakana Indians seemed_.5.It can be concluded from the passage that place described by the author was_.问题1选项A.reminded him of his house in the town far away.B.prevented the Parakanas from watching himC.helped him to forget the world he hatedD.protected him from being intruded by the white men in the town问题2选项A.he did not trust MelioB.it was unwise to go too close to MelioC.he believed Melio hated the ParakanasD.he thought Melio was out of his mind问题3选项A.Melio stayed on his farm for a number of years.B.Melio felt like a prisoner because he couldnt escape being watched.C.Melio kept himself alive, during the rainy season by eating what be had in store.D.The Parakanas thought Melio lived there because he was looking for rubber and jewels.问题4选项A.odd but hatefulB.strange but attractiveC.unhealthy but friendlyD.cowardly but sociable问题5选项A.far removed from civilizationB.impossible to cultivateC.the home of Melios Indian relativesD.wet all the year round【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:文章第一段The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside，树木越多，越容易忘记外面的世界。所以选项C符合题意。第2题:文章第二段第二句their Chief never looked closely at Melio and said to himself that this white man was as mad as a snake which chews off its own tail，酋长认为Melio非常疯狂。选项D符合题意。第3题:文章最后一段提到Melio绝对不会带其他白人进来，所以他们不需要担心有人为了橡胶和珠宝而来，选项D与之不符，所以符合题意。第4题:文章提到when they came to him, the Indians never entered his house with it is steeply sloping roof of dried grass and leavesstrip towards them,可以推断出他们很奇怪，所以选项B符合题意。第5题:文章描述的是一个远离文明的印第安部落，选项A符合题意。2. 单选题A（ ）surgeon can be as dangerous as a recruit with a gun he does not know how to handle.问题1选项A.professionalB.negligentC.competentD.mellow【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。professional“专业的”；negligent“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；competent“能胜任的，有能力的”；mellow“圆润的；柔和的”。句意：一名粗心外科医生的危险性好比一名不会使用枪的新兵拿着一把枪。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题The manager（ ） facts and figures to make it seem that the company was prosperous.问题1选项A.beguiledB.besmirchedC.juxtaposedD.juggled【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。beguile“欺骗”；besmirch“弄脏，诽谤”；juxtapose“并置，并列”；juggle“歪曲，篡改”。句意：经理歪曲事实，并且篡改数据，使得公司看起来一片繁荣。选项D符合题意。4. 填空题One of the major differences between man and his closest living relative is, of course, that the chimpanzee has not developed the power of speech. Even the most intensive efforts to teach young chomps to talk have met with （1） no success. Verbal Language represent a truly gigantic stop forward in mans （2）.Chimpanzees do have a wide range of calls, and these certainly serve to convey some types of information. When a chimp finds good food he utters loud barks, other chimps （3） the vicinity instantly become aware of the food source and hurry to join in an attacked chimpanzee screams and this may alert his mother or friend, either of （4） may hurry to his aid. A chimpanzee confronted with an alarming and potentially dangerous situation utters his spine-chilling wraaaa-again, other chimps may hurry to the spot to see what is happening. A male chimpanzee, about to enter a valley or charge toward a food source, utters his pant-hoots and their individuals realize that another member of the group is arriving and can identify（5）one. To our human（6）each chimpanzee is characterized more by his pant-hoots than by any other type of call. This is significant since the pant-hoot in particular is the call that serves to maintain contact between the separated groups of the community. Yet the chimps （7） can certainly recognize individuals by other calls; for instance, a mother knows the scream of her offspring. Probably a chimpanzee can recognize the calls of most of his acquaintances.While chimpanzee calls（8） serve to convey basic information about some situations and individuals. They cannot for the most part be compared（9） a spoken language. Man by means of words can communicate abstract ideas; he can benefit from the experiences of their （10） having to be present at the time; he can make intelligent cooperative plans.【答案】1.almost2.evolution3.in4.whom5.which6.ears7.themselves8.do9.to10.without【解析】1.考查句子结构。从句子结构进行分析，可知此处需要填写一个程度副词，almost“几乎”符合题意。句意：即使是集中训练教小猩猩说话也几乎没有成功过。2.考查前后逻辑。前文提到教猩猩说话没有成功，说明语言这项技能只有人类掌握了。句意：话语行为在人类演变史上迈出了重要的一步。空格处填evolution“演变，进化”。3.考查固定搭配。in the vicinity“邻近，在附近”。4.考查指示代词。从前文推断出空格处应该填一个代词，根据前面的mother or friend可知空格处的代词是指代人，所以whom符合题意。5.考查指代代词。句意：如果一只雄性黑猩猩试图进入山谷或者抢夺食物，它会发出吼叫声，其他猩猩就会意识到有其他猩猩入侵，并且能辨别出是哪一只。which符合题意。6.考查前后逻辑。根据句子by his pant-hoots than by any other type of call可知空格处应该填写一个与听力有关的词，所以ears符合题意。7.考查反身代词。通过分析句子，可知空格处应该填写一个反身代词，themselves符合题意。8.考查助动词的用法。空格处应该填入一个表强调的词，do符合题意。9.考查固定搭配。be compared to“比作”。10.考查前后逻辑。句意：人类通过语言可以交流抽象的概念，可以从他人的经历中获益，而不需要自己亲身经历。空格处填without符合题意。5. 翻译题我认为没有人不喜欢到处去看看：多看看他人，多阅他乡，不但可以认识世界，亦可认识自己。有人旅行时乘豪华游轮，谢灵运再世大概也会如此。有人背负行囊，翻山越岭；有人骑自行车环游天下。这些都令人羡慕。我所倾向的，却是驾车长征，去看天涯海角。我的太太比我更爱旅行，所以夫妻两人正好互做旅伴，这一点只怕徐霞客也要羡慕。不过徐霞客是大旅行家、大探险家，我们，只是浅游而已。【答案】In my mind, everybody loves to look around, meeting more people and visiting more places. They cannot only understand the world, but also recognize themselves. Some of them traveled by a cruise, and Xie Lingyun may be one of them if he would reincarnate. Some picked up the traveling bag across the mountains. Some traveled around the world by bike. All of these are enviable. I just prefer to drive a long journey and see the ends of the earth. My wife is fond of traveling than I, and therefore we two are traveling companion, which may be envied by Xu Xiake. But Xu is a great traveler and explorer. We only superficially travel. 6. 单选题It did not take long for the central bank to（ ） their fears.问题1选项A.sootheB.snubC.smearD.sanctify【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。soothe“使平静，安慰，缓和”；snub“冷落，斥责”；smear“涂上，抹掉，诽谤”；sanctify“使神圣”。句意：银行并没有花费很长时间就缓解了人们的忧虑。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题All the questions （ ）around what she had been doing on the night of the robbery.问题1选项A.dissolvedB.revolvedC.evolvedD.devolved【答案】B【解析】考查形似动词辨析。dissolved “使溶解，使溶化”；revolved “旋转；循环出现；反复考虑”，revolve around意为“围绕，以为中心”；evolved“发展，进化”；devolved “转移，移交”。句意：所有的问题都围绕着抢劫的当晚她在做什么。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题To get my travellers cheques I had to（ ）a special cheque to the bank for the total amount.问题1选项A.make forB.make outC.make upD.make off【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。make for“走向，有助于，导致”；make out“辨认出，填写，理解”；make up“组成，弥补，虚构，缝制”；make off“（尤指做了错事后）匆忙离开，逃走”。句意：为了拿到游客们的支票，我不得不给银行填写了一个包含所有费用的特殊支票。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题I missed the last flight, and decided（ ） to stay the night at the airport.问题1选项A.howeverB.thereforeC.moreoverD.meanwhile【答案】B【解析】考查句子前后逻辑关系。句意：我错过了上一趟飞机，因此我决定整晚待在机场。选项B符合题意。10. 写作题Directions: Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic. Remember to write your composition on ANSWER SHEET II.“My Views about Ambition Makes a Man”【答案】略11. 单选题How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and， hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.1.Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?2.The author uses “labor market problems” in Line 1 to refer to which of the following?3.Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?4.The author states that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-income people is often not felt by（ ）.5.According to the passage，one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to over-predict the amount of economic hardship is the （ ）.问题1选项A.What causes labor market pathologies that result in suffering.B.Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty.C.Where the areas of agreement are among poverty, employment, and earnings figures.D.How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degree of hardship caused by low wages and问题2选项A.The overall causes of poverty.B.Deficiencies in the training of the work force.C.Trade relationships among producers of goods.D.Shortages of jobs providing adequate income.问题3选项A.Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.B.A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness as an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.C.New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.D.Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.问题4选项A.the employed poorB.dependent children in single-earner familiesC.workers who become disabledD.retired workers问题5选项A.recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workersB.possibility that earnings may be received from more than one job per workerC.fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages and remain poorD.establishment of a system of record-keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:文章开头一句话How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems?引出话题。作者主要讲述了劳动市场问题对社会所造成的冲击很难用数据体现。全文从数据对社会问题的夸大和低估两个方面开始进行分析。对各个段落进行分析可以知道选项D符合题意。第2题:文章全文都在说劳动市场问题就是低工资和高就业率这两个问题。导致贫困的原因不仅仅是劳动市场这个原因，选项A排除；选项B与C，“员工缺少训练”“生产者之间贸易关系”都没有提及，所以排除。选项D符合题意。第3题:从文章的开头和最后两句话可知作者认为目前面临的最大问题便是已有的统计数据不能估计出劳动市场问题所带来的具体影响，因此推断出新的统计方式迫在眉睫。新的标准应该用来衡量失业和收入太少的职业。选项C符合题意。第4题:文章第二段最后一句话Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected. 提到从首付分配转移中得利的是老人、残疾人还有需要赡养的人，而那些工作的穷人则被忽视了。选项A符合题意。第5题:从文章中这句话Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. 可以看出有些人虽然单份工作的工资不高，但是他们身兼数职，收入不低。选项A与C会让人低估社会的贫困问题，题干中的over-predict是高估的意思，所以这两个选项排除。选项D原文没有提及。所以选项B符合题意。12. 填空题A considerable amount of medical research is aimed at identifying risk factors for disease. The rationale behind this work is that where people are informed of their risk, they will happily change their behavior to lower that risk. （ 1 ）this is certainly a reasonable assumption, it turns out that things are not quite that simple and straightforward. First of all, health is not necessarily a top priority in everyones life and, for these people, changing behavior in the interests of health may interfere（ 2 ）other, more important matters. Second, the benefits to be derived （ 3 ） such changes rarely are immediate or obvious. Usually, improvements in health take place over long periods of time and are quite subtle. （ 4 ）, we are all so bombarded with information about the thousands of health hazards to which we are exposed （ 5 ） most of us “tune out” much of this information. This latter issue is compounded by the fact that much of new information to which we are exposed through the media is exaggerated and, as often as not, is contradicted later by even “newer” information. For these and other reasons, simply knowing about a risk does not necessarily ensure that people will take appropriate steps to（6）it.（7） when people want to change their behavior, this is not easy to do. For example, the overwhelming majority of smokers in this country want to quit, but （ 8 ） great effort very few are able to do so. Most smokers acknowledge, at some level, that health hazards associated with smoking and most wish that there were a simple and painless way to stop. （ 9 ） the number of people who want to lose weight is very large, but few of these people are able to do it and even（10）are able to maintain such weight losses.【答案】1.Although2.with3.from4.meanwhile5.to6.change7.even8.make9.and10.none【解析】1.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所处的句子后半句跟前半句有转折关系，所以应该填入转折连词。2.考查固定搭配。interfere“（利害、要求等）抵触，冲突”，常与with连用。3.考查固定搭配。be derived from是固定搭配，意思是“来自，从而产生出来的”。4.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所在的句子和前面的句子是并列关系，填入的词与后面用逗号隔开，meanwhile符合题意。5.考查固定搭配。be exposed to是固定搭配，意思是“暴露”。6.考查上下文语境。空格后面的it指的是“behavior”， 文章第二句、第四句都提到了change behavior， 所以空格处应该填change。7.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所在的句子与后半句this is not easy to do构成让步假设，所以even（即使）符合题意。8.考查固定搭配。make effort “做出努力”。9.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所在的句子举了减肥的例子佐证作者的观点，与前面的句子是并列的关系。所以and符合题意。10.考查上下文语义。句意：很多人想减肥，但是只有少数人能做到，甚至没有人能够坚持减肥。空格所处的句子需要一个主语，所以none符合题意。13. 单选题A stout old lady was walking with her basket down the middle of a street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small peril to herself. It was pointed out to her that the pavement was the place for pedestrians, but she replied, “Im going to walk where I like. Weve got liberty now.” It did not occur to the dear old lady that if liberty entitled the pedestrian to walk down the middle of the road, then the end of such liberty would be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting in everybody elses way and nobody would get anywhere. Individual liberty would have become social anarchy.There is a danger of the world getting liberty drunk in these days like the old lady with the basket, and it is just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means. It means that in order that the liberties of all may be preserved, the liberties of everybody must be curtailed. When the policeman, say, at Piccadilly Circus steps into the middle of the road and puts out his hand, he is the symbol not of tyranny, but of liberty. You may not think so. You may, being in a hurry, and seeing your car pulled up by this insolence of office, feel that your liberty has been outraged. How dare this fellow interfere with your free use of the public highway? Then, if you are a reasonable person, you will reflect that if he did not interfere with you, he would interfere with no one, and the result would be that Piccadilly Circus would be a maelstrom that you would never cross at all. You have submitted to a curtailment of private liberty in order that you may enjoy a social order which makes your liberty a reality.Liberty is not a personal affair only, but a social contract. It is an accommodation of interests. In matters which do not touch anybody elses liberty, of course, I may be as free as I like. If I choose to go down the road in a dressing-gown who shall say me n