2022-2023年考博英语-华南师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第17期

2022-2023年考博英语-华南师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The American society is（ ）an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.问题1选项A.established onB.affiliated toC.originated fromD.incorporated with【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。（be） established on “建立在之上”。句意：美国社会是建立在一种极其不稳固的自然资源基础上的，这与可能恶化的环境有联系。结合此处语义，A选项正确。2. 单选题To call the music of another music-culture primitive is（ ）ones own standards on a group that does not recognize them.问题1选项A.puttingB.emphasizingC.forcingD.imposing【答案】D【解析】考查词组。imposeon“把强加于”句意：叫另一种音乐文化的乐曲为“原始的东西”，是一个处于不了解他们的人群中的人，把自己的标准强加给别人。因此可知D为正确答案。3. 单选题In modern society, people have more and more anxiety in daily life as well as in work because of the（ ）of the city life.问题1选项A.speedB.rhythmC.velocityD.tempo【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: speed “速度；快速” ；B: rhythm “节奏”；C: velocity “速率”；D: tempo “乐 速度，拍子”。句意：在现代社会，由于城市生活的节奏，人们在日常生活和工作中都有更多焦虑。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。4. 单选题The theory put forward by a famous scholar at an international conference contradicts the（ ） principles of the sphere of architecture.问题1选项A.particularB.preciseC.appropriateD.proper【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: particular “专指的，特指的” ；B: precise “清晰的；精确的；精细的”；C: appropriate “适当的”；D: proper “境界；限度；范围”。句意：位著名学者在一次国际会议上提出的理论与建筑领域的特定原则相矛盾。被修饰的名词为“principles原理”，因此可知A为正确答案。5. 单选题In the end they came to the conclusion that the evidence produced by the plaintiff was（ ）.问题1选项A.scarceB.rareC.scantyD.deficient【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: scarce “罕见的；供不应求的”；B: rare “稀罕的”；C: scanty “（大小或数量）不足的，欠缺的；太少的”；D: deficient “缺乏的；有缺陷的”。句意：最后，他们得出的结论是：原告提供的证据不足。此处表达的是证据不足，C符合语境，为正确答案。6. 单选题By evacuating the inhabitants in the densely populated areas of the city and establishing temporary shelters, the city（ ）itself for a possible new quake.问题1选项A.boltedB.bracedC.reinforcedD.strapped【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: bolt “筛选；拴上；脱口而出”；B: brace“支撑；预备；准备”；C: reinforce“加固；强化；增援”；D: strap“用带捆扎；用皮带抽打”。 句意：通过疏散该城市人口密集区域的居民，建立临时庇护所，全城做了可能再发生一场地震的防备。根据语境和句意可知B为正确答案。7. 单选题The salmon is one of our most valuable fish. It offers us food, sport and profit. Every year commercial fishing （1）a harvest of over a billion pounds of salmon from the seA.Hundreds of thousands of salmon are caught each year by eager（2）fishers.In autumn, the rivers of the Northwestern United States come（3）with salmon. The salmon have left the ocean and are（4）their yearly run up river to spawn. Yet today, there are far fewer salmon than（5）, because the salmon , （6）has suffered from many perils of the modern age.Water pollution has killed many salmon by（7）them of oxygen. Over-fishing has further decreased their number. Dams has another（8），because they lock migration paths. Fish ladders,（9）stepped pools, have been built so that salmon can swim（10）over the dams. But young salmon swimming to the ocean have trouble（11）the ladders. Often they（12）their deaths over the dam or are killed in giant hydroelectric turbines.（13）America will continue to have plenty of salmon, conservationists have planned several ways to（14）the salmon population. Conservation officials have had some success（15）salmon in hatcheries and stocking salmon rivers with them. Salmon are also being（16）into new areas. In 1996, hundreds of thousands of young Coho salmon were planted in streams off Lake Michigan. The adults were expected to migrate to the lake and（17）an undesirable fish. The Cohoes（18）so well on this kind of fish in Lake Michigan（19）Cohoes are being planted in other Great Lakes.Thanks to the foresight and（20）of conservationists, the valuable salmon should be around American shores, rivers and lakes for a long time to come.问题1选项A.results inB.results fromC.results atD.resulted in问题2选项A.commerceB.sportsC.salmonD.kindness问题3选项A.aliveB.activeC.liveD.about-问题4选项A.atB.inC.onD.by问题5选项A.ever soB.ever sinceC.ever afterD.ever before问题6选项A.productionB.populationC.familyD.growing问题7选项A.forbiddingB.exploitingC.robbingD.endangering问题8选项A.dangerB.obstacleC.problemD.element问题9选项A.made up forB.made up toC.made upD.made up of问题10选项A.properlyB.safelyC.quicklyD.frequently问题11选项A.discoverB.to climbC.findingD.measuring问题12选项A.fall toB.fall backC.fall acrossD.fall away问题13选项A.So thatB.So far asC.So much asD.So long as问题14选项A.explodeB.developC.increaseD.catch问题15选项A.supportingB.raisingC.keepingD.resulting问题16选项A.invadedB.introducedC.foundD.given问题17选项A.live onB.feed inC.feed uponD.feed back问题18选项A.activateB.growC.thrivedD.developed问题19选项A.in whichB.thatC.whereD.which问题20选项A.objectivesB.planningC.inventionD.arrangement【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D第6题:B第7题:C第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:D第14题:C第15题:B第16题:B第17题:C第18题:C第19题:B第20题:B【解析】1.考查词组。此处大意为：每年商业捕鱼都会从海里收获超过10亿磅的三文鱼。结合句意得知正确答案为A:result in “导致；引起”。2.考查词汇。此处大意为：急不可耐的 _ 渔民每年都会捕捉成千上万的三文鱼。最符合语境句意的选项为B，与eager搭配最为合适的是sports娱乐”，即“消遣性渔民”。3.考查词组。本句大意为：秋季，美国西北部的河因三文鱼而热闹起来。come alive “热闹起来，活跃起来”，只有A选项合适。4.考查介词。本句大意为：三文鱼离开海洋，每年都会回流到河面上产卵。根据句意，C项为最佳答案。5.考查逻辑关系。结合前文的yet“然而”可知此处表达的是现在与过去的对比，最符合语境句意的选项为D“ever before 以前”。6.考查词义。根据上文far fewer salmon可知三文鱼的整体数量减少，结合句意，最佳答案为B population“（生物）种群；数量” 。7.考查词义。rob sb./sth.of sth. “剥夺某人/物所需或应得之物”，本句句意为：水污染夺走了许多三文鱼的氧气，使它们死亡。因此最佳答案为C。8.考查词义。前文谈及“水污染杀死了很多三文鱼”，结合上下文及空格之前的内容，判断出最佳答案为A。9.考查短语。A: make up for “弥补；补偿”；B: make up to sB.“献媚；奉承”；C: make up “编造；化妆”；D: be made up of表示“由构成”。此处大意为：由阶梯式游泳池构成的鱼梯，因此答案为D。10.考查副词，此处大意为：建造鱼梯是为了三文鱼能（ ）游过大坝，结合上下文语义，最符合的答案应是选项B“安全地”。11.考查搭配和语义。根据前文have trouble in doing sth.可知答案在CD两项中，结合句意，判断出正确选项C。12.考查词组。根据前文大意，游入海洋的小鱼在发现梯子方面有些困难判断出后半句是说明这种结果，因此A选项和后文构成“fall to their deaths over the dam”为最佳答案，意为“掉到大坝上而摔死”。13.考查逻辑关系。此处后文大意为：“生态环境保护者规划一些方案以增加三文鱼 的数量”，空格处应起到连接的作用，结合句意，最佳答案为D so long as “只要”。14.考查词汇。前文的用词“decrease their number”可以判断出此处填入选项C“增加族群数量”符合句意。15.考查搭配。根据并列的部分stocking salmon rivers可知，“raise salmon in hatcheries在孵化场饲养三文鱼”符合语境，最佳答案为B。16.考查动词。introduce into “引进”，此处句意表达大意为：三文鱼被引进到新区域中。故答案为B。17.考查词组。根据“the adults”以及“an undesirable fish不受欢迎的鱼”可知，此处表示“以为食”。根据语境及句意，C为最佳答案。18.考查固定搭配。thrive on“靠吃长壮；因某事而有成”。故选C。19.考查固定搭配和结构状语从句。so.that.“如此以致于”，B为最佳答案。20.考查名词。根据空格后关键词conservationists可以定位到上段第一句中“conservationists have planned several ways to.”，故答案为B planning 。8. 单选题The magician picked several persons（ ）from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.问题1选项A.by accidentB.at randomC.on occasionD.on average【答案】B【解析】考查词组。A: by accident “偶然”；B: at random “随机”；C: on occasion “有时；间或”；D: on average “平均起来”。 句意：魔术师从观众中胡乱挑选了几个人，请他们帮助他进行表演。根据语境和句意，B最合适。9. 单选题Maggie tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it（ ）when she was trying to go to sleep.问题1选项A.soundingB.hummingC.tickingD.ringing【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: sound “作声，发声，响” ；B: hum “发连续低沉的声音（如蜜 蜂、马达的嗡嗡声）”；C: tick “发出滴答声”；D: ring “鸣，发出清脆响亮的声音”。句意：麦琪蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走了，因为她讨厌在自己想睡觉的时候听它滴答地响。结合此处语境，修饰的是闹钟声，故C为正确答案。10. 单选题It was the largest experiment we have ever had; it（ ）six hours.问题1选项A.endedB.finishedC.wasD.lasted【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我们做过的最大的实验。此实验持续6小时。结合此处语境，D为正确答案。11. 单选题The radio program was presented（ ）a joint venture which was registered several months ago.问题1选项A.by courtesy ofB.on account ofC.by virtue ofD.in terms of【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A: by courtesy of “蒙的好意；蒙提供”；B: on account of “由于；基于”；C: by virtue of “凭借的力量”；D: in terms of “根据；用的话；就而言”。句意：承蒙数月前注册的合资企业惠允，电台节目播出了。根据语境和句意可知A为正确答案。12. 单选题One afternoon while she was preparing dinner in her kitchen, Anne Peters, a 32-year-old American housewife, suddenly had severe pains in her chest accompanied by shortness of breath. Frightened by the thought that she was having a heart attack, Anne screamed for help. Her husband immediately rushed Anne to a nearby hospital where her pains were diagnosed as having been caused by panic, and not a heart attack.More and more Americans nowadays are having panic attacks like the one experienced by Anne Peters. Benjamin Crocker, a psychologist at the University of Southern California, reveal that as many as ten million adult Americans have already experienced or will experience at least one panic attack in their lifetime. Moreover, studies conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health in the United States disclose that approximately 1.2 million adult individuals are currentlysuffering from severe and recurrent panic attacks.These attacks may last for only a few minutes; some, however, continue for several hours. The symptoms of panic attacks bear such remarkable similarity to those of heart attacks that many victims believe that they are indeed having a heart attack.Panic attack victims show the following symptoms: they often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations where people normally would not be afraid; they suffer shortness of breath, experience chest pains, a quick heartbeat, sudden fits of trembling, a feeling that persons and things around them are not real; and most of all, a fear of dying or going crazy. A person seized by a panic attack may show all or as few as four of these symptoms.There has been a lot of explanations as to the causes of panic attacks. Many claim that psychological stress could be a logical cause, but as yet, no evidence has been found to support this theory. However, studies show that more women than men experience panic attacks and people who drink a lot as well as those who use drugs are more likely to suffer attacks.It is reported that there are at least three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack. The first is age. People between the ages of 20 and 30 are more often victims of panic attacks. The second is sex. More women suffer from recurrent panic attacks than men. The third is the multiplicity of symptoms. A panic attack victim usually suffers at least four of the previously mentioned symptoms, while a heart attack victim often experiences only pain and shortness of breath.It is generally agreed that a panic attack does not directly endanger a persons life. All the same, it can unnecessarily disrupt a persons life by making him or her so afraid of having a panic attack in a public place that he or she may refuse to leave home and may eventually become isolated from the rest of society. Dr. Crockers advice to any person who thinks her is suffering from a panic attack is to consult a doctor for a medical examination to rule out the possibilities of physical illness first. Once it has been confirmed that he or she is, in fact, suffering from panic attack, the victim should seek psychological and medical help.1.According to the passage, panic attack is（ ）.2.One factor both panic and heart attacks have in common is（ ）.3.It is indicated in the last paragraph that panic attack may（ ）.4.Dr. Crocker suggests that for panic attack sufferers,（ ）.问题1选项A.both frightening and fatalB.actually a form of heart attackC.more common among women than menD.likely to last several hours问题2选项A.a feeling of faintness.B.uncontrollable movementsC.a horror of going madD.difficulty in breathing.问题3选项A.make a victim reluctant to leave home any more.B.threaten a victims physical well-being.C.cause serious social problems for the victims family.D.prevent a victim from enjoying sport anymore.问题4选项A.physical fitness is not so crucialB.a medical checkup is needed to confirm the illness.C.psychological and medical help is necessaryD.nutritional advice is essential to cure the disease.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据C选项“妇女比男子更普遍”可定位到文章第五段 “However, studies show that more women than men experience panic attacks and people who drink a lot as well as those who use drugs are more likely to suffer attacks.”，中文翻译为：不过，研究表明，女人得恐慌症的比男人多，酗酒者和吸毒者更容易得恐慌症。故选C。2.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第四段 “Panic attack victims show the following symptoms: they often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations where people normally would not be afraid; they suffer shortness of breath, experience chest pains, a quick heartbeat, sudden fits of trembling, a feeling that persons and things around them are not real; and most of all, a fear of dying or going crazy. A person seized by a panic attack may show all or as few as four of these symptoms.”，中文翻译为：恐怖症患者表现出以下症状：他们常常很容易受到惊吓，在一般人不会害怕的环境中感到不安；他们呼吸短促，胸痛，心跳加快，突然一阵颤抖，感觉周围的人和事物都不是真实的；最重要的是，对死亡或发疯的恐惧。一个惊恐发作的人可能会表现出这些症状的全部或少至四种。以及第六段“A panic attack victim usually suffers at least four of the previously mentioned symptoms, while a heart attack victim often experiences only pain and shortness of breath.”，中文翻译为：一个恐慌症病人通常至少会有四种前面谈到的症状，而心脏病患者往往只感觉到疼痛和呼吸急促。因此可知D项“呼吸困难”正确。3.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章尾段 “It is generally agreed that a panic attack does not directly endanger a persons life. All the same, it can unnecessarily disrupt a persons life by making him or her so afraid of having a panic attack in a public place that he or she may refuse to leave home and may eventually become isolated from the rest of society.”，中文翻译为：人们普遍认为恐慌症的发作不会直接危及一个人的生命。尽管如此，它会不必要地扰乱一个人的生活，使他或她非常害怕在公共场所出现恐慌症发作，他或她可能会拒绝离开家，最终可能会与社会隔离。判断出A项“使患者不再愿意离开家门”正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章尾段 “Dr. Crockers advice to any person who thinks her is suffering from a panic attack is to consult a doctor for a medical examination to rule out the possibilities of physical illness first. Once it has been confirmed that he or she is, in fact, suffering from panic attack, the victim should seek psychological and medical help. ”，中文翻译为：克罗克尔博士建议任何自以为得了恐慌症的人要去看医生，进行医疗检查，以首先排除身体疾病的可能性。一旦被确诊真的得了恐慌症，患者应寻求心理和医疗的帮助。故答案为C“心理和医疗帮助是必要的”。13. 单选题A new passenger liner is（ ）after through many hardships.问题1选项A.initiatedB.commencedC.launchedD.classified【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: initiated “开始；传授” ；B: commenced“开始；着手”；C: launched “发射；开展；使（船，尤指新船）下水”；D: classified “分类”。句意：一艘新的客运班轮经过许多艰难困苦之后下水。根据“passenger liner客轮”这一关键词可知C为正确答案。14. 单选题In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modern period premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallengeD.An example is Johann Baehofens 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.Starting from the premise that mythology and legend preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact, Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and other societies with matrilineal customssocieties in which descent and property rights are traced through the female line. Some support for his theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn fromHerodotus, the Greek “historian” of the fifth century B.C., who peaks of an Amazonian society, the Sauromatae, where the women hunted and fought in wars. A woman in this society was not allowed to marry until she had killed a person in battle.Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is problematiC.If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact-real Amazonian societies-but rather to offer moral lessons on the supposed outcome of womens rule in their own society. The Amazons were often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek heroes. Their customs were presented not as those of respectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary-Greek practices.Thus, I would argue the purpose of accounts of the Amazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic, to teach both male and female Greeks that all female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous. Myths about the Amazons were not for the male-dominated status quo,in which groups composed exclusively of either sex were not permitted to segregate themselves permanently from society Bachofen was thus misled in his reliance on myths for information about the status of women. The sources that will probably tell contemporary historians most about women in the ancient world are such social documents as gravestones, wills and marriage contracts. Studies of such documents have already begun to, show how mistaken we are when we try to derive our picture of the ancient world exclusively from literary sources, especially myths.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to（ ）.2.All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT（ ）.3.Which of the following is presented in the passage as evidence supporting the authors view of the ancient Greeks descriptions of the Amazons?4.It can be inferred from the passage that the probable reactions of many males in ancient Greece to the idea of a society ruled by women could best be characterized as（ ）.5.The author suggests that the main reason for the persisting influence of Bachofens work is that（ ）.问题1选项A.compare competing new approaches to understanding the role of women in ancient societiesB.investigate the ramifications of Bachofens theory about dominance of women in ancient societiesC.explain the burgeoning interest among historians in determining the actual status of women in various societiesD.criticize the value of ancient myths in determining the status of women in ancient societies问题2选项A.partial completenessB.restricted accessibilityC.difficulty of interpretationD.limited quantity问题3选项A.The requirement that Sauromatae women kill in battle before marryingB.The failure of historians to verify that women were ever governors of ancient societiesC.The classing of Amazons with giants and centaursD.The well-established unreliability of Herodotus as a source of information about ancient societies问题4选项A.confused and dismayedB.wary and hostileC.cynical and disinterestedD.curious but fearful问题5选项A.feminists have shown little interest is ancient societiesB.Bachofens knowledge of Amazonian culture is unparalleledC.reliable information about the ancient world is difficult to acquireD.ancient societies show the best evidence of women in positions of power.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章提及古代文化研究妇女在各历史时期的地位受到资料限制而且相互矛盾，之后谈及神话和传说对这一问题的分析，最后作者认为，对这类文献资料的研究早已开始证明，当我们通过神话来获取对古代世界的理解，是十分失误的。因此，综合考虑，这篇文章的主要目的是选项D。2.细节事实题。通过题干关键词定位到原文“Although much has been accomplished forthe modern period premodem cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory.”，中文翻译：虽然在现代时期 己经完成了很多，但前现代文化被证明是更困难的：来源受到限制，数量有限，不完整，难以解释，