2022-2023年考博英语-河北工业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第1期

2022-2023年考博英语-河北工业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题1. Her whole being was filled with a vague _, which was like a shadow, like a mist passing across her souls summer day.2. As she had forgotten her keys, she got into the house by the simple _ of climbing through a window.3. All the tickets for the concert had been sold. Fortunately I knew one of the actors and by working the _ we were able to see it.4. Nuclear explosion can be a fatal _ that will cause heavy loss of life.5. Professor Smith possesses a _. Thats why he is so popular with his students.问题1选项A.deferenceB.oracleC.impedimentD.anguishE.appellationF.expedientG.catastropheH.cubicleI.charismaJ.paragon问题2选项A.deferenceB.oracleC.impedimentD.anguishE.appellationF.expedientG.catastropheH.cubicleI.charismaJ.paragon问题3选项A.deferenceB.oracleC.impedimentD.anguishE.appellationF.expedientG.catastropheH.cubicleI.charismaJ.paragon问题4选项A.deferenceB.oracleC.impedimentD.anguishE.appellationF.expedientG.catastropheH.cubicleI.charismaJ.paragon问题5选项A.deferenceB.oracleC.impedimentD.anguishE.appellationF.expedientG.catastropheH.cubicleI.charismaJ.paragon【答案】第1题:D第2题:F第3题:B第4题:G第5题:I【解析】【选项释义】A. deference遵从，尊重n. B. oracle神谕，神示n.C. impediment妨碍，阻碍n. D. anguish 剧痛，极度痛苦n.E. appellation名称，称呼n. F. expedient权宜之计，应急办法n./adj.G. catastrophe灾难，灾祸n. H. cubicle（大房间分隔出的）小房间，隔间n.I. charisma超凡的个人魅力，感召力n. J. paragon完人，典范n.1.【答案】D【解题思路】分析题目可知，空缺处缺少名词。结合修饰空格处的定语从句“这种_像阴影，像笼罩她心灵的夏日的薄雾”可知，空格处填入anguish表示“痛苦，苦恼”符合语境。因此，本题正确答案为D项。【句意】她的整个身心充满了一种隐隐约约的痛苦，这种痛苦像阴影，像笼罩她心灵的夏日的薄雾。2.【答案】F【解题思路】分析题目可知，空缺处缺少名词。由句子意思“因为她忘记带钥匙，她以从爬窗子这种最简单的_进入了房间”可知，空格处填入expedient表示“应急手段”符合语境。因此，本题正确答案为F项。【句意】由于忘了带钥匙，她以从爬窗子这种最简单的应急办法进入了房间。3.【答案】B【解题思路】分析题目可知，空缺处缺少work的宾语，因此应选择名词。第二句的意思是“幸运的是，我认识其中一个演员，我们通过_才看成了音乐会”，而短语work the oracle原本表示“收买僧侣以得到所希望的神谕”，在这可引申为“走关系”，因此该题选择B项。【句意】音乐会的票都卖完了。幸运的是，我认识其中一个演员，我们通过走关系才看成了音乐会。4.【答案】G【解题思路】分析题目可知，空缺处缺少名词。由前面的关键词Nuclear explosion（核爆炸）可知，空格处表示“灾难”符合句意。因此，该题选择G项。【句意】核爆炸可能是致命的灾难，会造成重大的生命损失。5.【答案】I【解题思路】分析题目可知，空缺处缺少名词。根据第二句的句意“这就是为什么他在学生中那么受欢迎”可推知，第一句中的“史密斯教授”是有超凡的个人魅力。因此，该题选择I项。【句意】史密斯教授具有超凡的魅力。这就是为什么他在学生中那么受欢迎。2. 单选题Mrs. Jenkins, upon hearing that her arm was broken, looked _ at the doctor.问题1选项A.joviallyB.plaintivelyC.fortuitouslyD.opportunely【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. jovially高兴地；愉快地 B. plaintively哀怨地，伤心地C. fortuitously偶然地，意外地 D. opportunely及时地；恰好地【答案】B【考查点】副词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息her arm was broken（她的胳膊断了）可知，空格处填入“伤心地”符合句意。因此，该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】詹金斯太太听到她的胳膊断了，悲伤地看着医生。3. 单选题The story was said to _ on the information from a reliable source.问题1选项A.being basedB.have been basedC.baseD.be based【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. being based被根据 B. have been based被根据C. base根据 D. be based被根据【答案】B【考查点】时态与语态。【解题思路】Be said to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“据说”，所以空格处的动词要用原形；主句的谓语动词为一般过去时was said，而base这个动作应该是发生在was said之前，所以应用现在完成时，故选择B项。【干扰项排除】A项不符合固定搭配；C、D项不符合时态。【句意】据说这篇报道是根据可靠的消息来源写成的。4. 单选题After years of _ war, the Great Wall was constructed to _ the Chinese people.问题1选项A.internecine.instigateB.destructive.resurrectC.unceasing.protectD.amicable.unite【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. internecine.instigate（团体、国家、组织）内部发生的使（正式）开始 B. destructive.resurrect引起破坏（或毁灭）的重新应用C. unceasing.protect持续不断的保护 D. amicable.unite心平气和的联合【答案】C【考查点】形容词和动词辨析。【解题思路】根据the Great Wall（长城）和Chinese people（中国人）可知，建造长城是用来保护人民的，所以第二个空格要填入protect；而根据历史常识可知，那个时候中国经历了不断的战争，所以第一个空格填入unceasing恰当。故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】经过多年不断的战争，长城被建造来保护中国人民。5. 单选题She was the victim of her neighbors malicious gossiping.问题1选项A.malevolentB.violentC.lenientD.benevolent【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. malevolent恶毒的，有恶意的；坏心肠的 B. violent暴力的，猛烈的C. lenient宽大的，仁慈的 D. benevolent慈善的，乐善好施的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】从gossiping（流言蜚语）可知，划线单词malicious是一个贬义词，表示“恶意的”，只有A选项含义最为接近。故本题正确答案为A选项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词意思不符合。【句意】她是邻居恶意诽谤的受害者。6. 单选题Silver _ easily and turns black if not polished regularly.问题1选项A.snookersB.stewsC.tarnishesD.douse【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. snookers阻挠 B. stews炖；焦虑C. tarnishes失去光泽，变暗淡 D. douse浇灭，熄；沉浸【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】由后半句的句意“银器如果不定期擦拭就会变黑”可知，银器很容易失去光泽，C项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项都不符合句意。【句意】银器很容易失去光泽，如果不定期擦拭就会变黑。7. 单选题The Welsh language has always been the ultimate market of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Governments financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europes regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the countrys three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the clubScotland, Northern Ireland, and Walesa bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers, its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europeonly Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,” is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nations symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhereon T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times, most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Waless annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We cant do anything, were only Welsh. Now I think thats changing.”1. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to _.2. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph means _.3. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT _.4. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity?5. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed is _.问题1选项A.maintain the present status among the nationsB.reduce legislative powers of EnglandC.create a better state of equality among the nationsD.grant more say to all the nations in the union问题2选项A.separatistB.conventionalC.feudalD.political问题3选项A.peoples desire for devolutionB.locals turnout for the votingC.powers of the legislative bodyD.status of the national language问题4选项A.Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B.Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.C.A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D.The national symbol has become a familiar sight.问题5选项A.peoples mentalityB.pop cultureC.towns appearanceD.possibilities for the people【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】1. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to _. 1. 根据这篇文章，权力下放主要是为了_。A. maintain the present status among the nations A. 维持目前在各国之间的地位B. reduce legislative powers of England B. 减少英格兰的立法权C. create a better state of equality among the nations C. 在国家之间创造一个更好的平等状况D. grant more say to all the nations in the union D. 给联盟中所有的国家更多的发言权【答案】C【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据关键词devolution定位至第二段第三句“权力下放背后的理念是恢复组成联合王国的各个国家之间的平衡（restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom）”可知，权力下放的目的是为了维持各个国家之间的平衡，C项“在国家之间创造一个更好的平等状况”表述符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“维持目前在各国之间的地位”，根据解题思路，由restore可推断，成员国原来的关系已经被破坏，所以该项属于曲解原文；B项“减少英格兰的立法权”，由第二段最后一句“托尼布莱尔实施了从威斯敏斯特移交部分立法权的计划，目的是给俱乐部的其他成员苏格兰、北爱尔兰和威尔士更大的发言权”可知，部分立法权的转移旨在给其他成员更大的话语权，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；D项“给联盟中所有的国家更多的发言权”，由C项解题思路可知，原文只提到会赋予苏格兰、北爱尔兰、威尔士更大发言权，并非所有成员国，该项曲解原文。2.【选项释义】2. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph means _. 2. 第二段中的“centrifugal”的意思是_。A. separatist A. 分离主义者的B. conventional B. 传统的C. feudal C. 封建制度的D. political D. 政治的【答案】A【考查点】词汇推测题。【解题思路】根据关键词centrifugal定位至第二段最后一句“托尼布莱尔实施了从威斯敏斯特移交部分立法权的计划，目的是给俱乐部的其他成员苏格兰、北爱尔兰和威尔士更大的发言权，并且对抗似乎威胁到联盟理念的centrifugal力量”，从中可知，要对抗这种会威胁到联盟理念的力量，说明这种力量会分散成员国之间的联合，所以推测centrifugal表示“分离的，分散的”，A选项“分离主义者的”词义与之意思相近。因此，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B项“传统的”、C项“封建制度的”和D项“政治的”由解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT _. 3. 除了_，威尔士在以下方面都与苏格兰不同。A. peoples desire for devolution A. 人民对权力下放的渴望B. locals turnout for the voting B. 当地选民的投票率C. powers of the legislative body C. 立法机构的权力D. status of the national language D. 国家语言的地位【答案】D【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据文章第一段最后一句“威尔士语现在是欧洲最成功的地方语言之一，在这个国家的300万人口中，有50多万人讲威尔士语”可知，虽然原文第一段提到了威尔士语言的成功性，但是文中并没有提到苏格兰语言的地位，这两者没有可比性，D项“国家语言的地位”属于无中生有，符合题干。因此，该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项“人民对权力下放的渴望”，根据第三段前两句“威尔士人对权力下放并不热心。苏格兰人以压倒性优势投票支持成立议会，而威尔士议会的投票仅以不到1%的得票率勉强通过，投票率不到25%。”可知，这两个国家人民对权利下放态度截然不同，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；B项“当地选民的投票率”，根据A项解题思路可知，威尔士的投票率不到25%，而苏格兰 却以压倒性的投票率支持成立议会，可见这两个国家的选民投票率不同，该项属于反向干扰；C项“立法机构的权力”，根据第三段第五句“与爱丁堡不同，威尔士不能制定法律”可知，爱丁堡属于苏格兰，也就是说苏格兰和威尔士的立法机构的制定法律的权力不同，该项也符合原文，属于反向干扰。4.【选项释义】4. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity?4. 以下哪一项没有被引用作为威尔士民族身份复苏的例子？A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language. A. 威尔士语见证了它作为一种全国性语言的复兴。B. Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union. B. 扶贫资金来自欧盟。C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation. C. 威尔士国家航空公司目前正在运营。D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight. D. 这个国家的象征已成为人们熟悉的景象。【答案】B【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段倒数第二句“与此同时，来自欧盟的近200万美元赠款将用于解决贫困问题”可知，原文虽然提到威尔士从欧盟拿到将近200万美元解决贫困问题，但并不表明它的民族身份得到复苏，由此可判断本题选择B项“扶贫资金来自欧盟”。【干扰项排除】A项“威尔士语见证了它作为一种全国性语言的复兴”，根据第二段第一句“这种语言的复兴，尤其是在年轻人中，是席卷这个自豪的小国的民族身份复兴的一部分”可知，语言的复兴，是威尔士民族认同感复兴的一部分，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；C项“威尔士国家航空公司目前正在运营”，根据第四段第四句“威尔士现在拥有一家国家航空公司”，结合本段第一句提到“报纸和杂志上充斥着伟大的威尔士男人和女人的故事，提升了他们的自尊”可知，该项是提升威尔士人自尊的例子，符合原文，属于反向干扰；D项“这个国家的象征已成为人们熟悉的景象”，根据第四段最后一句“自亚瑟王时代以来，红龙就一直是这个国家的象征，它无处不在，印在T恤、橄榄球运动衫上，甚至手机外壳上”可知，威尔士的象征红龙也变得随处可见，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰。5.【选项释义】5. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed is _. 5. 根据Dyfan Jones的说法，改变的是_。A. peoples mentality A. 人们的心态B. pop culture B. 流行文化C. towns appearance C. 城市外貌D. possibilities for the people D. 人民的可能性【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据关键信息what has changed可以定位至文章最后一段，第一句提到“缺乏自信几乎是一种遗传倾向”，可知，Dyfan Jones认为威尔士人曾经普遍缺乏自信；而最后一句提到“我们曾经这样想；我们什么都做不了，我们只是威尔士人；现在，我认为这种情况正在改变”可知，Dyfan Jones认为现在威尔士人的心态已经发生了变化，所以改变的是人们的心态，该题选择A项“人们的心态”。【干扰项排除】B项“流行文化”和C项“城市外貌”在原文均未提及，属于无中生有；D项“人民的可能性”，根据最后一段倒数第二句“他的威尔士身份和他在英语、全球青年文化和新联邦欧洲的成员身份一样舒适，Dyfan像他的同龄人一样，在一种十年前无法想象的可能性中成长”可知，现在的年轻人不再认为自己只是什么也做不了的威尔士人，他们认为自己有更多的可能性，也是说明人们的心态发生了变化，该项曲解原文。8. 单选题The University in Transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrows universities by writers representing both Western and non-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet Universitya voluntary community scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the worlds great libraries.Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education, that does not mean greater uniformity in course contentor other dangerswill necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if, for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become “if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?”Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrows university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors, would function much like todays faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidleys view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be “enrolled” in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, betweenor even duringsessions at a real world problem focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.1. When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University, _.2. Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet University?3. According to the review, what is the fundamental mission of traditional university education?4. Judging from the three new roles envisioned for tomorrows university faculty, university teachers _.5. Which category of writing does the review belong to?问题1选项A.he is in favour of itB.his view is balancedC.he is slightly critical of itD.he is strongly critical of it问题2选项A.Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.B.Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.C.Internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content.D.The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.问题3选项A.Knowledge learning and career building.B.Learning how to solve existing social problems.C.Researching into solutions to current world problems.D.Combing research efforts of teachers and students in learning.问题4选项A.are required to conduct more independent researchB.are required to offer more courses to their studentsC.are supposed to assume more demanding dutiesD.are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty问题5选项A.Narration.B.Description.C.Persuasion.D.Exposition.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】1. When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University, _. 1. 当书评人讨论互联网大学时，_。A. he is in favour of it A. 他是赞成的B. his view is balanced B. 他的观点是中立的C. he is slightly critical of it C. 他有点批评D. he is strongly critical of it D. 他强烈批评【答案】B【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】根据原文第二段的内容“最广泛讨论的传统校园的替代方案是互联网大学，这是一个自愿的社区，学者或教师分散在世界各地，但因为网络空间联系在一起。一所计算机化的大学有许多优点”可知，网络化的大学有很多优点，而从第三段第一句“然而，互联网大学也带来了危险”可知，书评人也讲述到了网络大学的弊端，因此在讲到网络大学时，书评人从正反两面都对网络大学做出了评判，因此他的观点比较中立，故本题正确答案为B选项。【干扰项排除】A项“他是赞成的”和C项“他有点批评”由解题思路可知，这两项都比较片面，属于以偏概全；D项“他强烈批评”由解题思路可知，该项表述与原文不符，属于曲解原文。2.【选项释义】2. Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet University? 2. 以下哪项不被认为是网络大学的潜在危险？A. Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones. A. 基于网络的课程可能比传统课程更便宜。B. Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs. B. 传统机构的教师可能会失业。C. Internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content. C. 基于网络的课件在课程内容上缺乏多样性。D. The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity. D. 网络大学可能会产生大量明星教师。【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据关键词potential danger定位至第三段“然而，互联网大学也带来了危险。例如，马诺阿夏威夷大学的社会学教授Peter Manicas警告说，一个由几位超