2022-2023年考博英语-苏州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第3期

2022-2023年考博英语-苏州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题They managed to （ ） the enemys secret telegram and thus were able to win the victory.问题1选项A.decomposeB.decodeC.enlightenD.enclose【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。Decompose “分解，腐烂”；decode “解密，破译”；enlighten “启示”；enclose “围绕，装入”。句意：他们设法破译了敌人的密电，从而赢得了胜利。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题The disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously （ ）relations between the two countries.问题1选项A.tumbleB.jeopardizeC.manipulateD.intimidate【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。tumble “使摔倒，弄乱”；jeopardize “危害，危及”；manipulate “操纵，操作”；intimidate “恐吓，威胁”。句意：在贸易限制问题上的分歧可能严重危及两国之间的关系。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) at Tufts University shows that todays youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes. But theres no easy way to see what those figures mean in real life. During the presidential campaign, Barack Obama assembled a racially and ideologically diverse coalition with his message of hope and change; as the reality of life under a new administration settles in, some of those supporters might become disillusioned. As the nation moves further into the Obama presidency, will politically engaged young people continue to support the president and his agenda, or will they gradually drift away?The writers of Generation O (short for Obama), a new Newsweek blog that seeks to chronicle the lives of a group of young Obama supporters, want to answer that question. For the next three months, Michelle Kremer and 11 other Obama supporters, ages 19 to 34, will blog about life across mainstream America, with one twist: by tying all of their ideas and experiences to the new president and his administration, the bloggers will try to start a conversation about what it means to be young and politically active in America today. Malena Amusa, a 24-year-old writer and dancer from St. Louis sees the project as a way to preserve history as it happens. Amusa, who is traveling to India this spring to finish a book, then to Senegal to teach English, has ongoing conversations with her friends about how the Obama presidency has changed their daily lives and hopes to put some of those ideas, along with her global perspective, into her posts. Shes excited because, as she puts it, “I dont have to wait until 15 years from now” to make sense of the world.Henry Flores, a political-science professor at St. Marys University, credits this younger generations political strength to their embrace of technology. “The Internet exposes them to more thinking,” he says, “and groups that are like-minded in different parts of the country start to come together.” Thats exactly what the Generation O bloggers are hoping to do. The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)parents, grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy (冷漠) theyve inherited from Generation X (60年代后期和70年代出生的美国人). Its no small challenge for a blog run by a group of ordinaryif ambitiousyoung people, but the members of Generation O are up to the task.46.What is the finding of a new study by CIRCLE?47.What is a main concern of the writers of Generation O?48.What will the Generation O bloggers write about in their posts?49.What accounts for the younger generations political strength according to Professor Henry Flores?50.What can we infer from the passage about Generation X?问题1选项A.More young voters are going to the polls than before.B.The young generation supports traditionally liberal causes.C.Young voters played a decisive role in Obamas election.D.Young people in America are now more diverse ideologically.问题2选项A.How Obama is going to live up to young peoples expectations.B.Whether America is going to change during Obamas presidency.C.Whether young people will continue to support Obamas policy.D.How Obamas agenda is going to affect the life of Americans.问题3选项A.Their own interpretation of American politics.B.Policy changes to take place in Obamas administration.C.Obamas presidency viewed from a global perspective.D.Their lives in relation to Obamas presidency.问题4选项A.Their embrace of radical ideas.B.Their desire to change America.C.Their utilization of the Internet.D.Their strong sense of responsibility.问题5选项A.They are politically conservative.B.They reject conventional values.C.They dare to take up challenges.D.They are indifferent to politics.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】46.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“shows that todays youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes.”，可知CIRCLE的研究发现越来越多的年轻选民和活动人士支持传统的自由主义事业。可判断出参加投票的年轻选民比以往更多。选项A符合题意。47.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“As the nation moves further into the Obama presidency, will politically engaged young people continue to support the president and his agenda, or will they gradually drift away?”，可知随着美国进一步进入奥巴马的总统任期，参与政治的年轻人是否会继续支持总统和他的议程，这是个问题。紧接着第二段第一句提到新闻周刊新开的博客“O一代”想要回答这个问题。可判断出“O一代”主要思考的问题是年轻人是否会继续支持奥巴马的政策。选项C符合题意。48.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The writers of Generation O (short for Obama), a new Newsweek blog that seeks to chronicle the lives of a group of young Obama supporters”，可知新闻周刊新开的博客O一代旨在记录一群年轻的奥巴马支持者的生活。可判断出他们将会把奥巴马执政期间年轻人的生活记录其中。选项D符合题意。49.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“credits this younger generations political strength to their embrace of technology. The Internet exposes them to more thinking, he says”，可知Henry把年轻一代的政治力量归功于他们对科技的拥抱，互联网让他们有更多的思考机会。可判断出年轻一代的政治力量来自于他们对互联网的运用。选项C符合题意。50.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy theyve inherited from Generation X.”，可知他们带着强烈的使命感长大，摆脱了他们从X一代那里继承来的冷漠形象。可判断出X一代对待政治是漠不关心的冷漠的态度。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Every effort should contribute to the healthy development of our company, but how did they reach such a decision that may be （ ） to the companys future?问题1选项A.irrelevantB.detrimentalC.casualD.preceding【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。Irrelevant “不相干的”；detrimental “有害的”；casual “随意的，偶然的”；preceding “先前的”。句意：每一项努力都应该为公司的健康发展做出贡献，但是他们是如何做出这样一个可能对公司未来不利的决定的呢?选项B符合题意。5. 单选题Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Galileos 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blakes harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics- but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason，” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists，philosophers and other academics who have questioned sciences objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News & Worm Report last May seemed to suggest.The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.Indeed, some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term antiscience can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened?”1.The word “schism” (Line 3, Paragraph 1) in the context probably means （ ）.2.Paragraph 2 and 3 are written to （ ）.3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?4.The authors attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience is （ ）.问题1选项A.confrontationB.dissatisfactionC.separationD.contempt问题2选项A.discuss the cause of the decline of sciences powerB.show the authors sympathy with scientistsC.explain the way in which science developsD.exemplify the division of science and the humanities问题3选项A.Environmentalists were blamed for antiscience in an essay.B.Politicians are not subject to the labeling of antiscience.C.The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as antiscience.D.Tagging environmentalists as “antiscience” is justifiable.问题4选项A.impartialB.subjectiveC.biasedD.puzzling【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章，“The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.”，可知本世纪，科学和人文学科之间的分歧如果说有什么不同的话，那就是分歧加深了。可判断出schism意为分歧，分裂。confrontation “分歧，面对”； dissatisfaction “不满”； separation “分离，分开”； contempt “轻视，蔑视”。文中是指科学与文化之间不和谐的关系，属于同一领域两个方面的分离。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。文章第二三段，运用大量例子进一步说明了科学与人文之间的分歧，如Higher Superstition，The Demon-Haunted World和The Flight from Science and Reason都是作者给出的例子。可推断出作者在二三段主要是为了例证科学和人文学科之间的分歧。选项D符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第六段，“But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News & Worm Report last May seemed to suggest.”，可知这当然并不意味着担心工业发展失控的环保主义者是反科学的，正如去年五月份美国新闻与世界报道上的一篇文章所言。可判断出在一篇文章中，环保主义者被指责反科学。选项A符合题意。4.作者态度题。作者在文中提到科学与文化之间存在分歧，并对此进行了例证。作者认为科学家对于分歧的抨击要合理分析，不能一直持反对意见，如果理由充分恰当就是可取的。可判断出作者的态度是不偏袒的，公正的。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题This week in Japan, some 10, 000（1） from across the globe will meet to examine what, for many of the worlds poorest people, are issues of life and death. At sessions in Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, the 3rd World Water Forum will （2）a crisis that currently forces more than one billion people to （3） sources contaminated with human waste, and leaves countless millions more with insufficient supplies to （4） their crops, or to spur industrial development. The meeting is the culmination of the International Year of Freshwater 2003, declared by the United Nations to （5） awareness of the worsening state of the worlds water resources.（6）that goal, the forum could hardly have been held at a less opportune moment. Events in Iraq may limit media（7） of the 3rd World Water Forum to mere footnote status. “Our discussions will have far more effect on humankind in the twenty-first century than the current crisis in the Middle East,” claims William Cosgrove, vice-president of the World Water Council, a think-tank dedicated to （8） water resources. But the forums organizers must know that there is little hope of gaining firm（9） from nations that are （10） war.问题1选项A.delegatesB.dedicatesC.dictatorsD.decision-makers问题2选项A.spotlightB.highlightC.brightenD.show问题3选项A.make use ofB.eat withC.drink fromD.grope for问题4选项A.plantB.cultivateC.transplantD.water问题5选项A.realizeB.achieveC.gainD.raise问题6选项A.ForB.But forC.GivenD.Giving问题7选项A.coverB.coveringC.coverageD.discover问题8选项A.improveB.improvingC.promoteD.promoting问题9选项A.commitmentsB.commitmentC.promisesD.promise问题10选项A.focusing withB.focused withC.focusing onD.focused on【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:C第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。delegate “代表”；dedicate “致力，动词”；dictator “独裁者”；decision-makers “决策者”。根据句子结构，可知空格填入一个名词，选项B可排除。句意：本周在日本，来自世界各地的约一万名代表将齐聚一堂，探讨对世界上许多最贫穷的人来说，什么是生死攸关的问题。选项A符合题意。（2）动词词义辨析。spotlight “聚焦”；highlight “突出，强调”；brighten “使明亮”；show “展示，出示”。句意：在京都、志贺和大阪的会议上，第三节水资源大会将强调一场危机。选项B符合题意。（3）词汇辨析。make use of “使用，利用”；drink from “从喝”；grope for “探索”；eat with “用吃”。句意：目前迫使超过10亿人饮用被人类废弃物污染的水源。选项C符合题意。（4）动词词义辨析。Plant “种植”；cultivate “培养，培育”；transplant “移植，迁移”；water “浇水”。句意：这使得数以百万计的人没有足够的水来灌溉他们的庄稼，或者刺激工业发展。选项D符合题意。（5）动词词义辨析。realize “意识到，认识到”；achieve “实现，达到”；gain “获得，增加”；raise “提高，提升”。句意：提高对世界水资源日益恶化状况的认识。选项D符合题意。（6）语法题。Given引导条件状语从句，表鉴于、出于。句意：鉴于这一目标，本会议几乎不可能在不合时宜的时候举行。选项C符合题意。（7）固定搭配。Media coverage “媒体报道”。句意：伊拉克事件可能会将媒体对第三届世界水资源会议的报道限制在脚注地位。选项C符合题意。（8）语法题。Dedicate to后接名词或动名词形式，因为to为介词。选项A和C可排除。Improve “改善”；promote “促进，提升”。句意：致力于改善水资源。选项B符合题意。（9）词汇辨析。Promise和commitment都有承诺的意思，但promise用于口语中，随意一些，commitment用于正式语中，更加正式。选项C和D可排除。又因为空格后的nations为复数，所以commitment也应该保持一致。选项A符合题意。（10）固定搭配。Be focused on “集中注意力”，没有be focused with搭配，选项A和B可排除。句意：但是，该论坛的组织者必须知道，从关注战争的国家那里获得坚定承诺的希望微乎其微。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题Family disruption has been suggested as a central cause of many troublesome social problems. More than half of the dramatic increase in child poverty in the 1980s （ ） to it.问题1选项A.are contributedB.are contributableC.is attributingD.is attributable【答案】D【解析】语法题。contribute “贡献，出力”；attribute “归因于”。词组attribute to通常用于一般现在时态，选项C可排除。句意：有人认为家庭破裂是许多棘手的社会问题的主要原因。上世纪80年代，儿童贫困的急剧增加，有一半以上的问题要归因于贫困。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic（官僚主义的）management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, Nell-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee age anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interesting life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary hut even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again- - by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellowcompetitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system form a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and foil development of his potentialities those of all love and of reasonare the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.1.By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to deliver the idea that man is （ ）.2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that （ ）.3.From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those （ ）.4.To solve the present social problems the author puts forward a suggestion that we should （ ）.5.The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of （ ）.问题1选项A.a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB.working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the societyD.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly问题2选项A.they are likely to lose their jobsB.they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC.they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD.they are deprived of their individuality and independence问题3选项A.who are at the bottom of the societyB.who are higher up in their social statusC.who prove better than their fellow - competitorsD.who could dip far away from this competitive world问题4选项A.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realities for granted问题5选项A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.susceptibility【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery.”，可知总的来说，我们的社会正在变成一个由官僚主义管理下的大型企业，在这种管理下，人成了机器上一个小小的、润滑的机械化齿轮。可判断出作者认为与社会其他部分相比，人是一个不重要的部分。选项C符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.”，可知他们从生到死从来没有面对过人类作为情感和智力独立和有生产力的人存在的基本现实。可判断出工人和雇员焦虑的真正原因是他们被剥夺了个性和独立性。选项D符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.”，可知社会地位较高的人也同样焦虑。他们的生活和他们的下属一样空虚。可判断地位高的人和地位低的人都同样焦虑，选项A和B可排除。根据文章第二段，“This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellowcompetitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.”，可知这种不断地证明自己与竞争对手一样优秀或比对手更好的需要，造成了不断的焦虑和压力，而这些正是不快乐和疾病的根源。选项C可排除。选项D符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“I suggest transforming our social systeminto a humanist industrialism in which man and foil development of his potentialities those of all love and of reasonare the aims of social arrangements.”，可知作者建议把社会变成一种以人为本的工业主义，人与潜能的发展，即所有的爱和理性的潜能，是社会发展的目标。可判断出作者建议使人能成分发挥他的潜能。选项C符合题意。5.作者态度题。文章一开始提到了在工业化社会中，人们变得渺小，成为这个社会大型企业的一个机械齿轮，工人和雇主都变得焦虑。上层人士和底层的工人在工业化的社会中都感到焦虑和不安，没有任何幸福感可言。可判断出作者用大量的篇幅阐述了工业化社会带来的消极影响，所以作者的态度应该是不满的。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题Watch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will （ ） the basic concept of geometry being learned.问题1选项A.makeB.believeC.u