2022-2023年考博英语-武汉理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第10期

2022-2023年考博英语-武汉理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor. By age three, kids with professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers. They know twice as many words as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests. By age 10, the gap is three years. By then, some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math skills, and many never will: his is the age at which failure starts to become irreversible.A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps. Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard. One Finnish district official, asked about the number of children who dont complete school in her city, replied,” I can tell you their names if you want. “In the United States, KIPP charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that most almost every one of them graduates high school80 percent make it to college. Singapore narrowed its achievement gap among ethnic minorities from 17 percent to 5 percent over 20 years.These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality pre-schooling does more for a childs chances in school and life than any other educational intervention. One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality pre-school; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.Second, recognize that the average kid spends about half his waking hours up until the age of 18 outside of schooldont ignore that time. KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American students. They arrive earlier, leave later, attend more regularly, and even go to school every other Saturday. Similarly, in 1996, Chile extended its school day to add the equivalent of more than two more years of schooling.Third, pour lots of effort to train teachers. Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective. Systems such as Singapores are choosy about recruiting; they invest in training and continuing education; they evaluate teachers regularly, and they award bonuses only to the top performers.Finally, recognize the value of individualized attention. In Finland, kids who start to struggle receive one-to-one support from their teachers. Roughly one in three Finnish students also gets extra help from a tutor each year. If we can learn the lesson of what works, we can build on it.1. What can we infer from the Finnish district officials reply in Paragraph 2?2. Why is it important for kids to attend a high-quality pre-school? Which of the following is NOT true?3. The most important educational factor for a child to achieve success in school and life is to _.4. Why does Singapore lay so much emphasis on the role of teachers?5. What does the passage mainly discuss?问题1选项A.She expresses a desire to show off her good memory.B.She is willing to offer the information at any time.C.Her job requires her to remember all the students names.D.The basic education is paid much attention to in Finland.问题2选项A.Kids can learn better and more.B.Kids tend to be psychologically healthy when they grow up.C.Kids can have a brighter future.D.When they grow up, the kids wish to earn more money.问题3选项A.receive a good and early pre-schoolingB.prolong his or her learning time in schoolC.get instruction from more excellent teachersD.get person-to-person help from the teachers问题4选项A.Kids like serious teachers.B.Kids can have better chances to learn more and better.C.Good teachers can create a happy and relaxed environment.D.Kids want to keep a good relationship with teachers.问题5选项A.The importance of family economic conditions to kids success in study and life.B.The achievement gap between children from wealthy families and poorer ones.C.Some countries have achieved success in erasing the gap between children completely.D.How to narrow the achievement gap between kids from different family backgrounds.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干，可以定位到文章第二段第二句Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard.（芬兰确保每个孩子完成基础教育，并达到严格的标准）。D选项“芬兰非常重视基础教育”，根据文章内容，芬兰非常重视基础教育，未接受基础教育的孩子屈指可数，D选项正确。A选项“她想要炫耀她的好记性”， 文章并不是想要表明她的记性好，A选项可排除。B选项“她愿意随时提供信息”，文章没有提到此内容，B选项可排除。C选项“她的工作要求她记住所有学生的名字”，她的工作内容并不是要记住孩子的名字，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干我们可以定位到文章第三段。D选项“当他们长大了，孩子们希望赚更多的钱”，文章第三段提到the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.（上过学前班的孩子收入更高，有更好的工作，入狱或离婚的可能性更小。），可推测上过学前班的孩子挣得更多，有更好的工作，但并不是他们希望能够挣到更多的钱，D选项符合题意，因此选择D。A选项“孩子们可以学得更好、更多”，可以定位到文章第三段High-quality pre-schooling does more for a childs chances in school and life than any other educational intervention.（高质量的学前教育比任何其他教育干预都更有助于孩子在学校和生活中的机会）。A选项可排除。B选项“孩子们长大后心理往往是健康的”，可以定位到文章第三段and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.（孩子们长大后入狱的机会小），因此可推测，接受学前教育的孩子们长大后心理更健康，B选项可排除。C选项“孩子们可以有一个更光明的未来”，文章第三段the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs（孩子们有更好的工作，更高的收入），因此推测，接受高质量学前教育的儿童，可能有一个更光明的未来，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文中第三段第一、二句These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality pre-schooling does more for a childs chances in school and life than any other educational intervention.（这些成功的故事为我们其他人提供了教训。首先，让孩子们早点上学。高质量的学前教育比任何其他教育干预都更有助于孩子在学校和生活中的机会）。A选项“接受良好和早期的学前教育”，符合文章所说的内容，儿童接受早期教育越早，越有助于获得成功，A选项正确。B选项“延长在学校的学习时间”，文章第四段提到KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American students.（KIPP学生在学校的时间比普通美国学生多），这不是孩子成功的主要原因，可排除B选项。C选项“得到更多优秀教师的指导”，文章倒数第二段提到pour lots of effort to train teachers.（只是培训教师），可排除C选项。D选项“从老师那里得到面对面的帮助”，文章最后一段提到kids who start to struggle receive one-to-one support from their teachers.（开始有困难的会获得老师一对一的支持），但这不是孩子获得成功的根本原因，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第五段第二句Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective（美国的研究表明，拥有最高效教师的孩子学到的东西是低效教师的三倍）。B选项“孩子们可以有更好的机会学到更多更好的东西”，符合文章内容，高效教师使孩子学得更多，B选项正确。A选项“孩子们喜欢严肃的老师”，文章没有提到此内容，排除A选项。C选项“好的老师可以创造一个快乐和轻松的环境”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除C选项。D选项“孩子们想要和老师保持良好的关系”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除D选项。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文。A选项“家庭经济条件对孩子学习和生活成功的重要性”，文章第一段提到All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor（在世界各地，你在学校和生活中取得成功的机会更多地取决于你的家庭环境，而不是其他任何因素），因此文章的主要内容，便是家庭环境对孩子成功的重要性，且围绕此观点展开，A选项正确。B选项“富裕家庭和贫困家庭孩子之间的成就差距”，文章只是部分内容提到这个观点，B选项可排除。C选项“一些国家在完全消除儿童之间的差距方面取得了成功”，文章只是说让孩子接受基础教育方面取得较大的进展，并不是完全消除差距，C选项可排除。D选项“如何缩小不同家庭背景的孩子之间的成绩差距”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除D。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题The mouth of the Amazon River has long been a starting place for hunters going to the jungles of Brazil. In recent years it has been, too, the headquarters for a middle-aged American couple who hunt the smallest living things and perhaps the most deadly-viruses. Dr. Causey and his wife have discovered more new types and more old ones in new places than all of the other search teams.Dr. Causey insists that the couples success is due more to the number of viruses in the forests of the Amazon than to the skill he and his wife have developed during their eighteen years of work in Brazil.“We have found the loveliest diseases right in our backyard,” he told me one day as we walked through a light train along a jungle trail.“Oh, these viruses are here all right. There is in the jungle a great pool of disease which is carried in the blood of animals and birds. Some of the diseases can be caught by people. It may be that we shall find that the jungle is a great center of virus disease and that it overflows from here to other parts of the world. It may be that birds carry the viruses to far countries. It may be that some viruses which presently reproduce in man without making him ill, may change and become deadly to him. Viruses waiting for a disease, they are sometimes called. This is just an idea, you understand. We do not know, but it is important that we find out, and the first step in finding out is to learn what viruses there are in the jungles.”There is a Brazilian story about the beginning of the world which goes: When God was making the world he tried to keep everything in balance. When he made a desert, he provided it with some green places. When he made a land that was beautiful, he gave it storms and other terrible things caused by the weather. Where the earth was rich below the surface, it was also made hard to live on. Where the land could be farmed, the weather was made too hot or too cold or too dry. Where there was enough water, God made it so that there should sometimes be too much water.“But in one place God made a land that was rich, where everything grew easily. Where it was not too hot and certainly not too cold, where animals were plentiful and fruit hung from the trees all the year round.”“The angels looked at this loveliness and were jealous of man.” They asked God if this was not too beautiful, too much like heaven, this valley of the Amazon.“And God said, True, this land looks like heaven, but wait until you see what happens to man when he tries to live in it.”1. The Causeys chose the mouth of the Amazon as their headquarters_.2. According to Dr. Causey, the success of his wife and himself was mainly due to _.3. Which of the following is true?4. When Dr. Causey said, “We have found the loveliest diseases right in our backyard”, he meant _.5. The central idea of the Brazilian legend is that _.问题1选项A.in order to hunt animals of the junglesB.because it was the starting point of most huntersC.because they did not want to stay in the jungleD.in order to have easy access to the jungle问题2选项A.their 18 years of work in BrazilB.their rich and incomparable experienceC.a large amount of viruses in the Amazon forestD.their well-chosen headquarters at the mouth of River Amazon问题3选项A.The jungle is the only place where we can find viruses.B.The Causeys went to Brazil to look for viruses and wild animals.C.Viruses are only carried in the blood of animals.D.Not all viruses are, at present, harmful to man.问题4选项A.new viruses have just been discoveredB.his discovery was a bit frighteningC.he and his wife were surrounded by harmful virusesD.his job was uninteresting at all问题5选项A.things in nature tend to be balancedB.the Amazon is the best place God has createdC.even God cannot do everything perfectlyD.there is not such a place as heaven in this world【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句The mouth of the Amazon River has long been a starting place for hunters going to the jungles of Brazil.（长期以来，亚马逊河口一直是猎人前往巴西丛林的起点）。B选项“因为这是大多数猎人的起点”，B选项符合题意，因此B选项正确。A选项“来猎取丛林里的动物”，文章只是说猎捕最小的生物，可排除A选项。C选项“因为他们不想呆在丛林里”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“以便方便地进入丛林”，文章没有提到是为了方便进入丛林，才把总部设在河口，可排除D选项。因此B选项为正确答案。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。我们可以定位到文章第二段Dr. Causey insists that the couples success is due more to the number of viruses in the forests of the Amazon than to the skill he and his wife have developed during their eighteen years of work in Brazil.（Causey博士坚持认为，这对夫妇的成功更多是由于亚马逊森林里的病毒数量，而不是他和妻子在巴西工作的18年所培养的技能。）根据凯西博士的话语推测他们的成功离不开亚马逊森林里的病毒。C选项“亚马逊森林里有大量的病毒”符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“他们在巴西工作了18年”，文章所说他们的成功不是因为18年的工作所培养的技能，A选项排除。B选项“他们丰富而无可比拟的经验”，文章所说，不是由于他们18年所培养的技能，B选项可排除。D选项“他们精心挑选的亚马逊河口总部”，文章第二段没有提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。D选项“目前，并非所有的病毒都对人类有害”，文章所说“有些目前在人体内繁殖而不使人生病的病毒”，D选项正确。A选项“丛林是唯一能找到病毒的地方”，说法过于绝对，可排除。B选项“Causeys去了巴西寻找病毒和野生动物”，他们主要是为了抓捕小动物，B选项可排除。C选项“病毒只在动物的血液中携带”，文章所说，有些疾病会被人类感染，并带到其他地方，因此C选项可排除。因此D选项为正确答案。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。通过题干我们可以定位到文章第三段“We have found the loveliest diseases right in our backyard,” he told me one day as we walked through a light train along a jungle trail.（我们在自家后院发现了最可爱的疾病，一天，当我们走过一条丛林小径的轻轨时，他对我说），因此可推测，凯西夫妇居住周围，都围绕着病毒。C选项“他和他的妻子被有害的病毒包围着”，符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“新病毒刚刚被发现”，确实发现了病毒，但不确定是不是新的病毒，A选项可排除。B选项“他的发现有点吓人”，文章提到发现的病毒是最可爱的，因此可推测，他们愿意发现病毒，B选项可排除。D选项“他的工作一点也不有趣”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D。因此C选项为正确答案。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。通过题干我们可以定位到文章倒数第四段第一句There is a Brazilian story about the beginning of the world which goes: When God was making the world he tried to keep everything in balance.（有一个关于世界起源的巴西故事：当上帝创造世界的时候，他试图让一切保持平衡）。A选项“自然界的事物往往是平衡的”符合文章内容，因此A选项正确。B选项“亚马逊是上帝创造的最好的地方”，文中所说天使们认为亚马逊是很像天堂的地方，但是上帝却说住在这里的人会发生什么事是不确定的，因此B选项可排除。C选项“即使上帝也不能把每件事都做得完美”，选项的意思是贴切的，但不是传说的中心思想，因此C选项可排除。D选项“这个世界上没有天堂这样的地方”，不符合句意，可排除。因此A选项为正确答案。3. 单选题Ideas about “spoiling” children haw always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling. They have always included concepts of a childs nature and concepts of the ideal child and the ideal adults.The many mothers of 1820 who belonged to the early “maternal associations” struggled to uphold the ideas about child raising that had been prevalent in the eighteenth century. They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life (when exposed to all the temptation of the world) and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin.At first, the only approach these mother knew was to “break the will” of the child. This approach, coming initially from the theology of Calvin, the French Protestant reformer, was inherited from the stern outlook of the Puritans. As one mother wrote “No child has ever been known, since the earliest period of the world, destitute of an evil disposition-however sweet it appears.” Infant depravity, by which was meant the childs impulses, could be curbed only by breaking the will so that the child submitted implicitly to parental guidance.In 1834, a mother described this technique: Upon the fathers order, her 16-month-old daughter had refused to say “Dear Mama”, so the toddler was alone in a room where she screamed wildly for ten minutes. After the ten minutes, the child was commanded again, and again she refused, so she was whipped and ordered again. This continued for four hours until the child finally obeyed. Parents commonly reported that after one such trial of “will”, the child became permanently submissive. In passing, we can note that knowledge about a childs “No” period might have moderated the disciplining of little children and the application of the proverb “Spare the rod and spoil the child.”By freeing the child from its evil nature, parents believed they could then guide the child into acquiring the right character traits, such as honesty, industriousness and sobriety. These moral principles fixed in the childs character, were to govern it throughout life, in a society where free enterprise, individual effort, and competition were believed to be the ruling forces.1. When the author talks about ideas considered in “the spoiling of children”, he does not include _.2. According to the article, the mothers of 1820 were determined to _.3. Calvin is mentioned in this article to show _.问题1选项A.the nature of a childB.attitudes of spoiled children when they become adultsC.reasons why spoiling occursD.consequences from spoiling a child问题2选项A.develop independence in their childrenB.avoid exposing their children to spiritual ruinC.broaden the experiences of their childrenD.set good examples of their children问题3选项A.the derivation of the stern outlook of the PuritansB.French influence in the discipline of childrenC.a dissenting view in the spoiling childrenD.how the reformation moderated the severe discipline【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段Ideas about “spoiling” children haw always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling. They have always included concepts of a childs nature and concepts of the ideal child and the ideal adults.（关于“溺爱”孩子的观点总是涉及到什么是被宠坏的孩子，溺爱是如何发生的，溺爱的后果是什么。他们总是包括孩子的本性的概念和理想的孩子和理想的成人的概念）。B选项“被宠坏的孩子长大成人后的态度”，文章所说的是理想的成人的概念，B选项正确。A选项“孩子的天性”，文中提到孩子的天性，A选项可排除。C选项“发生溺爱的原因”，文章有所提到，C选项可排除。D选项“溺爱孩子的后果”，在文章中有所体现，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。我们可以定位到文章第二段最后一句They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin.（他们总是被告知，被宠坏的孩子在以后的生活中会有麻烦，更重要的是，有精神毁灭的危险）。B选项“避免让他们的孩子受到精神的毁灭”，文章所说，被宠坏的孩子会有精神毁灭的危险，可推测1820年的母亲会避免孩子受到精神毁灭，因此B选项正确。A选项“培养孩子的独立性”，文章没有提到这个内容，A选项可排除。C选项“拓宽孩子们的经历”，文章没有提到拓宽孩子的经历，C选项可排除。D选项“为孩子们树立好榜样”，文章没有提到为孩子树立榜样，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第三段第二句This approach, coming initially from the theology of Calvin, the French Protestant reformer, was inherited from the stern outlook of the Puritans.（这种方法最初来自法国新教改革家加尔文的神学，继承了清教徒严厉的观点）。A选项“清教徒严厉观点的由来”，文章所说，加尔文的神学，继承了清教徒严厉观点的由来，因此A选项正确。B选项“法国对儿童管教的影响”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“对溺爱孩子的不同意见”，文章没有提到，加尔文的观点是对溺爱孩子对的不同意见，C选项可排除。D选项“宗教改革是如何缓和严格的纪律的”，文章并没有提到宗教改革，D选项可排除。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题The government and Microsoft plan to sell around the world Britains new system for online transactions between citizens and government after its successful launch in the UK. A key step in the governments $1.4 billion e-government program has been online payment for the Inland Revenues pay-as-you-earn scheme, some Customs and Excise value added tax procedure, and claims for European Union subsidies for farmers all go live in the past month. At a presentation in Seattle today, Bill Gates, Microsofts co-founder and chairman, will demonstrate the British system to 400 government officials from 80 countries to show how citizens and businesses can interact with government over the Internet.“Although some US states are using leading edge technology, Europe in general, and the UK in particular, is well ahead in implementing e-government initiatives. It should put the citizen at the center of the government,” says Davide Vigano, general manager of public sector at the software group, “The projects have been implemented in just 15 weeks using Microsofts net technology,” said Andrew Pinder, the governments e-envoy. “This is a key piece of infrastructure, brought in on time and on budget,” he said.The secure transaction technology is to be rolled out through about 200 central government departments and agencies and 482 local government institutions over the next five years in the drive to have all of the government online by 2005. The successful implementation is a coup for Microsoft which is trying to build up its enterprise software business and has targeted e-government. It has about 1, 000 staff dedicated to government business.“This is a milestone for Microsoft,” said Barry Goffe, group manager, net enterprise solutions at the Redwood, Washington state-based company. “Two years ago, when the technology for successful integration did not exist, we would have walked away.” The hardware was supplied by Dell, and the servers are managed by Cable and Wireless. The technology is based on XML, a new language protocol that allows information to be labeled and then easily exchanged between computers on different platforms. “People want to hang on to their legacy systems which have been massive investments, but integrating these has proven difficult and expensive in the past. Its astonish