2022-2023年考博英语-中国政法大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第10期

2022-2023年考博英语-中国政法大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题改革开放是国家发展进步的根本动力。我国改革已进入攻坚阶段，必须进一步解放思想，全面推进经济、政治、文化、社会等领域的改革，不断把改革引向深入。要进一步完善社会主义市场经济体制。毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展，形成各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。深化国有企业改革以及重点行业改革。【答案】参考译文：Reform and opening up are the fundamental force that drives Chinas development and progress. China has entered a crucial stage of reform, and we must further emancipate our minds; carry out all-around economic, political, cultural and social reforms; and constantly deepen them. We need to improve the socialist market economy. We should unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy and encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector, so as to foster a structural environment in which economic entities under different forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production in accordance with the law, compete on a level playing field and enjoy equal legal protection. We should deepen reform of state-owned enterprises and key industries.2. 单选题To preserve ones dignity, the equilibrium between widely divergent impulses has to be maintained.问题1选项A.equalityB.confusionC.distinctionD.poise【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。equilibrium表示“平衡，均衡”。A项equality“平等，相等”，B项confusion“混淆，混乱”，C项distinction“区别，差别”，D项poise“平衡，姿势”；句意：为了维护一个人的尊严，必须保持迥然不同的冲动之间的平衡。根据句意该题选D。3. 单选题It is easy to understand that the thicker the seam is, _ to get the coal out of the ground.问题1选项A.it is cheaperB.the cheaperC.it is more cheapD.the cheaper it is【答案】D【解析】考查比较级的用法。“The +比较级，the+比较级”表示“越越”。Cheap的比较级形式是cheaper，所以排除C项；B项缺少主语和谓语，所以B项排除；A项不符合语法。句意：很容易理解的是，煤层越厚，将煤从地下开采出来的成本就越低。因此D项正确。4. 单选题The wrapper itself _ the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately.问题1选项A.is not an interest toB.is of no interest toC.is not interested toD.is uninteresting to【答案】B【解析】考查interest的意义和用法，固定搭配be of (no) interest to sb.“（不）会引起的兴趣”；区别interested“感兴趣”，interesting“有趣的”，interest“兴趣，爱好”。A项语义不符，C项表示“包装纸对顾客不感兴趣”不符合句子逻辑，D项也不符合逻辑；本句句意是：对于顾客来说，包装纸本身不会引起其兴趣，通常，他们立即就将其扔掉了。根据语义，B项最符合。5. 单选题Books do as much harm as good and spread falsehood and error _ knowledge of truth.问题1选项A.no less thanB.no more thanC.no less asD.no more as【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A项no less than“不少于”，B项no more than“只是，仅仅”，C项no less as与D项no more as没有这种用法。句意：书籍所带来的利弊是均衡的，它们所传播的谎言和错误不少于知识与真理。故正确答案为A。6. 单选题The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree _ which the students potentiality is developed.问题1选项A.toB.ofC.withD.in【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A项to“对”，B项of“的”，C项with“和”，D项in“在里”。To degree表示“在程度上，到的程度”，the students potentiality is developed修饰the degree，degree后面如果要用从句的话，在用which的同时还要加上介词to。句意：教学质量应以学生潜能开发的程度来衡量。因此A项正确。7. 单选题I wont have a whisky, thank you. Its not that I dont drink, _ that I dont drink and drive.问题1选项A.but ratherB.but alsoC.exceptD.otherwise【答案】C【解析】考查句子逻辑。前面和后面构成转折关系。A项but rather“而是，相反地”表示对比；B项but also“并且”表示强调；C项except“除了”，except that“只可惜，除了之外”表示转折；D项otherwise“否则”，一般是作为副词来使用，连接并列分句。句意：我不要威士忌，谢谢。不是我不喝，只可惜我不能喝，要开车。根据句意，正确答案为C。8. 单选题Owing to the unpredictable weather, the arrangements are subject to change.问题1选项A.supposedB.aboutC.liableD.bound【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。Be subject to表示“有倾向，受支配”；A项be supposed to“被期望，应该”，B项be about to“即将，刚要”，C项be liable to“有倾向，易于”，D项be bound to“必然，一定要”。句意：由于天气变化莫测，安排可能会有所改变。因此C项正确。9. 单选题In the Osage tribe of Oklahoma, beaded belts _ who held a high social status.问题1选项A.only by women were fashionedB.by women were fashioned onlyC.were fashioned only by womenD.were by women fashioned only【答案】C【解析】考查被动语态的用法。一般来说被动句式中的主语后面应该紧跟发生的动词，即被怎么样了，然后才是发出动作的人、物，即被谁怎么样，所以在这个顺序中，只有C是符合的。句意：在俄克拉何马州的奥赛治族印第安部落里，镶嵌串珠的腰带只能由社会地位较高的女性来制作。因此，该题正确答案为C。10. 单选题_, many operations once performed by hand have come to be performed by machine.问题1选项A.New technology is introduced forB.Introducing new technology andC.With the introduction of new technologyD.The introduction of new technology【答案】C【解析】考查句子结构。后半句句子结构完整，所以前半句应该是做修饰的成分或者并列句。A选项做句子for后面缺少成分；B项and应该连接两个完整的句子，但是前面句子成分不全；C项with的复合结构，做伴随状语，符合题意；D项逗号前后构不成逻辑关系。句意：随着新技术的引进，许多曾经由手工完成的操作现在都由机器来完成。故正确答案为C。11. 单选题The venerable media format has become one of the most ubiquitous ways to package content on the Web.问题1选项A.uniqueB.omnipresentC.effectiveD.predictive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。ubiquitous在句中是“普遍存在的，无处不在的”，A选项unique“独特的”；B选项omnipresent“无处不在的”；C选项effective“有效的”；D选项predictive“预言性的”。句意：庄严的媒体格式已经成为网上承载内容最普遍的方式。根据句意B项正确。12. 翻译题On average, kids fare better in two-parent families. But a sizable percentage of children in single-parent families thrive, and many in two-parent families do not. What matters mostregardless of family structureis what happens within the family.Particularly important is the familys ability to support and nurture, minimize conflict, practice democratic decision making, set and enforce boundaries, provide consistent and positive forms of discipline and model, and encourage values of caring and responsibility.Families should also provide access to structured activities (e.g., clubs, organizations, lessons) and a stimulating environment for learning (including parental involvement in schooling).While it is somewhat easier to deliver these in two-parent families, some single-parent families do succeed by drawing on informal and formal support systems from neighborhoods, schools, and churches. Our challenge is to discover ways to maximize the number of strong two-parent families and support all family efforts to raise healthy children, including efforts by single-parent families.【答案】参考译文：一般来说，在双亲家庭长大的孩子成长得更好。但是也有相当大的一部分单亲家庭的孩子得到健康成长，而许多双亲家庭的孩子却没有。不管家庭结构如何，最重要的是家庭内部所发生的事情。家庭的这些能力是极为重要的：抚养、避免冲突、践行家庭民主抉择、制定和实施家法、树立典范以及鼓励富有爱心和责任心。每个家庭还应该组织结构性活动（如参加俱乐部、社团以及辅导班）并且营造良好的学习环境（包括父母参与学校教育）。双亲家庭做到这些显得更加容易，但是单亲家庭却得靠邻居、学校和教堂的正式和非正式的帮助。我们现在面临的挑战是如何尽量增加幸福家庭的数量，帮助所有单亲和双亲家庭的孩子健康成长。13. 单选题As cultures are merged and traditions lost, immigrants will come to be assimilated.问题1选项A.eliminatedB.revokedC.modifiedD.blended【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。merge表示“合并，融合”。A项eliminate“消除”，B项revoke“撤回，取消”，C项modify“修饰”，D项blend“混合，协调”；句意：随着文化的融合和传统的丧失，移民将会被同化。根据句意该题选D。14. 单选题“More haste, less speed” is saying two opposite things.问题1选项A.an eppeB.a questC.a paradoxD.a clue【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。opposite things表示“相反的事情”；A项eppe“击剑运动用的重剑”，B项quest“追求”，C项paradox“悖论，反论”，D项clue“线索”。句意：“欲速则不达”是两种截然相反的说法。因此C项正确。15. 单选题I shall explain the rules _ we have received many objections.问题1选项A.to whichB.to whereC.to whoD.to whom【答案】A【解析】考查语法。空格处需要选择一个定语从句的引导词，而先行词是物，所以只能用which或者that，但是先行词在从句中充当的宾语，objection to表示“反对”，因此前面引导词要用to which。句意：我将解释一下之前收到许多反对意见的条例。因此A项正确。16. 单选题The copper pot has become tarnished after many years of neglect.问题1选项A.lost its lusterB.become glossyC.been removedD.been buffed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。become tarnished表示“变得晦暗的，失去光泽的”；A项lost its luster“失去光泽”，B项become glossy“变得光滑”，C项been removed“被移除”，D项been buffed“被抛光”。句意：这只铜壶多年没管了，已经失去了光泽。因此A项正确。17. 单选题The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as _.问题1选项A.possibly little nourishmentB.nourishment possibly littleC.little as possible nourishmentD.little nourishment as possible【答案】D【解析】考查语法。空格处需要填入动词have的宾语，同时包含asas句式。asas possible固定搭配表示“尽可能”。A、B都缺少与as搭配的结构，C语序有误，均可排除。句意：控制老鼠的最好方法就是务必让他们得到尽可能少的营养。因此D项正确。18. 单选题The senators came to a deadlock in their effort to find a solution.问题1选项A.an impasseB.a raidC.a hamletD.a breakthrough【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。deadlock表示“僵局，停顿”；A项impasse“僵局，死路”，B项raid“袭击，突袭”，C项hamlet“小村庄”，D项breakthrough“突破，突破性进展”。句意：参议员们在寻求解决办法的努力中陷入了僵局。因此A项正确。19. 单选题Invasive species arent speciesthey can also be pathogens. Such is the case with the West Nile virus. An inosquito-bome virus identified in the West Nile subregion in Uganda in 1937hence the name West Nile wasnt much of a concern to people elsewhere until it broke out of Africa in 1999. The first U.S cases were confirmed in New York City in 1999, and it has now spread throughout much of the world. Though 80% of infections are subclinical, those who do get sick can get very sick. The virus can led to encephalitisinflammation of the brain and nervous systemand even death, with 286 people dying from West Nile in the U.S in 2012. There were more than 5,500 cases reported that year, and the scary thing is that as the climate warms. West Nile will continue to spread.Thats the conclusion of a new study from a team of researchers in the U.S, Britain and Germany, including those at the Center for Tropical Research at UCLAs Institute of the Environment and Sustainability. In a study published in the journal Global Change Biology, the researchers took climate and species distribution data, and created models that try to project the spread of the virus as the globe warms. West Nile virus is carried by mosquitoes, and infected insects transmit the virus to human beings with a bite. But birds play a role tooif bitten by an infected mosquito, birds can generate high levels of the virus in their bloodstream, and can then transmit it to uninfected mosquitoes, which in turn can infect people. The biggest indicator of whether West Nile virus will occur is the maximum temperature of the wannest month of the year, which is why the virus has caused the most damage in hot southern states like Texas.The UCLA model looks only at climate data, and doesnt take into account the kind of control methods that can be used to combat West Nile on the ground, including pesticide spraying and land-use changes that deny mosquitoes the pools of stagnant water they use as breeding sites. Thats important to remember while climate change can raise the risk of typically tropical diseases like West Nile or malaria, smart control efforts can offset at least some of that danger. But the UCLA study underscores the fact that climate change operated as a threat multiplier for tropical diseases, one that will allow pathogens to invade new territoryand ultimately, us.61. What is the meaning of the underlined part of the sentence in the first paragraph?62. The living conditions of bees will be improved with respect to the following aspects except _.63. According to the passage, the critical factor for the virus being spread is _.64. According to the passage, the research of UCLA imposes emphasis on _.65. The title of the passage would probably be “_”.问题1选项A.They are not serious.B.They are unexpected.C.They are subject to clinics.D.They yield no symptoms.问题2选项A.the plantsB.the grasslandC.the quality of beesD.the disease treatment问题3选项A.the temperatureB.the infected birdsC.the mosquitoesD.The hygiene问题4选项A.spraying pesticideB.mosquito controlC.climate changeD.change the land use问题5选项A.Danger of VirusB.Climate change and VirusC.Invaded SpeciesD.Introduction of Virus Control【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】61.【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“第一段的划线部分是什么意思？”。从第一段Though 80% of infections are subclinical, those who do get sick can get very sick.（尽管80%的感染是亚临床的，但是那些确实症状明显的人就会病得很严重）可以看出划线部分的意思是“临床症状不明显的”，所以可以推断出是不严重的。B项“不被期望的”和C项“会变成临床”没有提到；D项“没有症状”错误，亚临床是症状不明显，不代表没有。因此A选项正确。62.【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“蜜蜂的生活条件将得到改善是关于以下原因，除了？”。文章第二段讲到蚊子携带病毒通过叮咬传染给鸟类及人类，蚊子会携带病毒与它的生活条件息息相关。通过这些分析同样可以推理，只有和蜜蜂的生活条件相关的事物才能对其产生影响；A项“植物”，B项“草地”，C项“蜜蜂的质量”，D项“病害处治”；只有B项与蜜蜂生活条件无关，所以该题B项正确。63.【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“病毒传播的关键因素是什么？”。第一段最后一句There were more than 5,500 cases reported that year, and the scary thing is that as the climate warms. West Nile will continue to spread.（那一年报告的病例超过了5500例，可怕的是随着气候变暖，西尼罗河病毒将继续蔓延）和第二段第四行the researchers took climate and species distribution data, and created models that try to project the spread of the virus as the globe warms（研究人员获取了气候和物种分布数据，并创建了模型，试图预测随着全球变暖病毒的传播方向），可以推断病毒传播和温度有关；B选项“被感染的鸟类”和C选项“蚊子”只是传播的一个途径，D选项“卫生”文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。64.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“UCLA的研究重点是什么？”。最后一段提到The UCLA model looks only at climate data, and doesnt take into account the kind of control methods that can be used to combat West Nile on the ground, including pesticide spraying and land-use changes that deny mosquitoes the pools of stagnant water they use as breeding sites.（UCLA的模型只考虑了气候数据，并没有考虑到可以在地面上对抗西尼罗河病毒的控制方法，包括喷洒杀虫剂和改变土地使用，阻止蚊子进入它们作为繁殖地点的积水池），可以推断，UCLA的研究是把重点放在了气候变化。A选项“喷洒农药”、B选项“控制蚊子”和D选项“改变土地使用”都不是UCLA团队的研究重点，因此C选项正确。65.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章的标题可能是什么？”。这篇文章主要围绕病毒的产生扩散和气候温度的关系来展开叙述和讨论；A项“病毒的危险”，文章只是通过病毒的危害来引出后面研究人员对病毒的研究，不符合题意；C选项“入侵的物种”，文章只是引用入侵的物种来引出话题；D选项“病毒控制的介绍”，文章的着重点是在病毒和气候变化的关系，因此B选项“病毒与气候”最符合题意。20. 单选题Want a glimpse of the future of health care? Take a look at the way the various networks of people involved in patient care are being connected to one another: and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patientno matter where he or she may be.Online doctors offering advice based on standardized symptoms are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis (telemedicine) will be based on real physiological data from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using an off-the-shelf PDA (personal data assistance) such as a Palm Pilot plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly feasible to transmit a patients vital signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment in a first-aid kit, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past.Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster responseespecially after earthquakes. Overall, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and expertise.But there is one problem. Bandwidth is the limiting factor for transmitting complex medical images around the world CT scans being one of the biggest bandwidth consumers. Communications satellites may be able to cope with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes, wars or famines. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of distributed medical intelligence.Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should usher in an era when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, expert opinion and diagnosis are common.46. The basis of remote diagnosis will be _.47. The Sentence “the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past” means _.48. All the following statements are true except that _.49. The word “problem” in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that _.50. A proper title for the passage may be _.问题1选项A.standardized symptoms of a patientB.personal data assistanceC.transmitted complex medical imagesD.real physiological data from a patient问题2选项A.now people probably would not ask if there is a doctor in the houseB.patients used to cry and ask if there was a doctor in the houseC.in the past people often cried and asked if there was a doctor in the houseD.patients are now still asking if there is a doctor in the house问题3选项A.it is now feasible to transmit a patients vital signs over telephoneB.flood is not among the disasters mentioned in the passageC.the trend in applying telemedicine is toward providing global access to medical dataD.telemedicine is being used by many medical teams as a tool for disaster response问题4选项A.there are not enough mobile phones for distributing medical intelligenceB.CT scans are one of the biggest bandwidth consumersC.bandwidth is not adequate to transmit complex medical images around the worldD.communications satellites can only cope with the short-term needs during disasters问题5选项A.Improvement in CommunicationsB.The Inline Doctor Is InC.Application of TelemedicineD.How to Make Remote Diagnosis【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C【解析】46.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“远程诊断的基础将是”。第二段的第二句话提到Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis (telemedicine) will be based on real physiological data from the actual patient.（然而，越来越多的远程诊断（远程医疗）将基于实际患者的真实生理数据），由此可知，远程诊断的基础是患者的真实生理数据，因此D项“病人真实的生理数据”正确；A项“病人的标准化症状”，第二段第一句话提到Online doctors offering advice based on standardized symptoms are the most obvious example.（网上医生根据标准化症状提供建议就是最明显的例子），由此可知根据病人标准化症状诊断的是网上医生，而不是远程医疗；B项“个人数据辅助设备”，第二段第三句提到A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using an off-the-shelf PDA (personal data assistance) such as a Palm Pilot plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly feasible to transmit a patients vital signs over the telephone（肯塔基大学的一个研究小组已经证明，通过使用现成的PDA（个人数据辅助设备），如掌上电脑和移动电话，通过电话传输病人的生命体征是完全可行的），由此可知，个人数据辅助设备是用来传输病人生命体征，只是一种传输途径而已，这与题干的问题没有干系；C项“传输复杂的医学图像”，倒数第二段第二句提到Bandwidth is the limiting factor for transmitting complex medical images around the world CT scans being one of the biggest bandwidth consumers.（带宽是在世界各地传输复杂医学图像的限制因素，CT扫描是最大的带宽消耗之一），这里只是提到了带宽限制了传输复杂医学图像，没有提到传输复杂医学图是远程医疗的基础，所以不选。故该题选D。47.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past这句话的意思是”。根据题干定位到文章第二段A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using an off-the-shelf PDA (personal data assistance) such as a Palm Pilot plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly feasible to transmit a patients vital signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment in a first-aid kit, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past.（肯塔基大学的一个研究小组已经证明，通过使用现成的PDA（个人数据辅助设备），如掌上电脑和移动电话，通过电话传输病人的生命体征是完全可行的。由于急救箱里有这样的设备，家里是否有医生的要求可能已经成为过去。），由此可知，随着远程医药的应用，医生和病人不需要在同一个地方才能进行医学救治，因此要求医生在现场已经成为了过去式；我们这里的cry表示“需求，要求”。A项“现在人们可能不会问家里有没有医生”符合题意；B项“病人常常哭着问家里有没有医生”和C项“在过去，人们经常哭着问家里有没有医生”中，cry理解错误；D项“病人现在还在问房子里是否有医生”，原文已经提到要求医生在场是过去式了，所以该项错误。故该题选A。48.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下面所有的陈述都是正确的，除了”。A项“现在通过电话传送病人的生命体征是可行的”，文中第二段第三句提到it is perfectly feasible to transmit a patients vital signs over the telephone（通过电话传输病人的生命体征是完全可行的），因此A项正确。B项“洪水不在文中提到的灾难之列”，第四段第三句提到Communications satellites may be able to cope with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes, wars or famines.（通信卫星可能能够应付诸如地震、战争或饥荒等灾害期间的短期需求），由此可知，文中只是提及了震后，战争和灾荒的应急，确实没有发洪水，因此B项正确。C项“应用远程医疗的趋势是提供医疗数据的全球访问”，第三段最后一句提到Overall, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and expertise.（总的来说，趋势是向全球提供医疗数据和专业知识），由此可知C项也正确。D项“许多医疗小组正在使用远程医疗作为灾害应对的一种工具”，根据第三段第二句And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster responseespecially after earthquakes.（至少有一个团队希望将远程医疗作为一种灾难应对工具尤其是在地震之后）可知，文中只是说有医学小组在尝试这一举动，而非成熟到可以被应用，所以该项错误。故该题选D。49.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“第四段中的problem指的是一个事实”。根据题干定位到第四段前两句But there is one problem. Bandwidth is the limiting factor for transmitting complex medical images around the world CT scans being one of the biggest bandwidth consumers.（但有一个问题。带宽是在世界各地传输复杂医学图像的限制因素，CT扫描是最大的带宽消耗之一），由此可知这个问题指的是带宽限制了传输复杂医学图像；所以C项“带宽不足以在全世界传输复杂的医学图像”符合题意；A项“没有足够的移动电话来分发医疗情报”没有提到；B项“CT扫描是最大的带宽消耗之一”，这只是带宽的限制性因素之一，不够全面，所以B项不选；D项“通信卫星只能应付灾害期间的短期需求”，这只是讲述现在的实际情况，而不是问题，所以该项不选。故该题选C。50.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章恰当的标题会是”。全文讲述的主要是远程医疗将取代过去医生和病人必须同时在场的方式成为新的保健医疗的方式，并介绍了远程