2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解11

2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题English literature and Linguistics are （ ）courses for English majors.问题1选项A.constrainedB.compulsoryC.conditionalD.conventional【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项constrained“拘泥的，被强迫的”；B选项compulsory “义务的，必修的”；C选项conditional“条件语气的”；D选项conventional“符合习俗的，传统的”。主语是“English literature and Linguistics英国文学和语言学”，空格后面“courses课程”是句子的表语。由此判断空格部分意思为“compulsory courses必修课程”，句意为：英国文学和语言学是英语专业的必修课程。选项B为正确答案。2. 单选题He drove to the nearest drug store to have the （ ）filled.问题1选项A.descriptionsB.prescriptionsC.transcriptionD.subscriptions【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项description“描述”；B选项prescriptions“处方”；C选项transcription“抄写，抄本”；D选项subscription“订阅，捐献”。句意为：他开车到最近的药店给病人抓药。故正确答案选B。3. 单选题（ ） is his own decision.问题1选项A.When leavingB.When does he leaveC.When he leavesD.He leaves【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。由空格后“is his own decision”的对应知这里缺少主语，故能充当主语的C项“When he leaves”正确。A项“When leaving”属于时间状语；B项“When does he leave”属于疑问句，不能充当主语；D项“He leaves”中谓语动词“leaves”与空格后系动词“is”重复，在语法结构上不正确。选项C正确。4. 单选题Many immigrants were prepared to work hard in appalling conditions for the （ ）of their descendants.问题1选项A.benefitB.healthC.propertyD.entertainment【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项benefit“利益、好处”；B选项health“健康、健康状况”；C选项property“属性、财产权”；D选项entertainment“娱乐、消遣”，根据句中关键词“descendants后辈、晚辈”可联想到留给后辈的东西，benefit“利益、好处”符合语境，句意为：许多移民愿意在恶劣的条件下辛勤工作，只为自己的后代谋得利益。故正确答案选A。5. 单选题The footballer scored with such （ ）that the goalkeeper didnt stand the chance of saving the goal.问题1选项A.veinB.veilC.vicinityD.velocity【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项vein“血管”；B选项veil“面纱，面罩”；C选项vicinity“临近，附近”；D选项velocity“速度”。根据关键词“footballer足球运动员”和that后面的句子意思“以至于守门员没有机会挽救进球”，可知空格部分意思为“速度”，句意为：这个足球运动员进球如此快，以至于对方守门员没有机会挽救进球。正确答案选D。6. 单选题The boy was so（ ） in the game that he didnt notice her mother standing behind him.问题1选项A.attractedB.suffocatedC.immersedD.submerged【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项attracted“被吸引的”；B选项suffocated“感到压制；感到束缚”；C选项immersed“专心于，沉浸在”；D选项submerged“浸没在水下的”。填入形容词做表语，由so.that.句型中that引导的结果状语从句的信息可知immersed (in)“专心于，沉浸在”符合题意，句意为：这个男孩专心看比赛，没有注意到她的母亲站在他身后。故答案选C。7. 单选题The official claimed that the government had only changed the law in order to （ ）America.问题1选项A.applaudB.apprehendC.appealD.appease【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项applaud“赞同，称赞”；B选项apprehend“理解”；C选项appeal“将上诉”；D选项appease“安抚，对做出让步”。由“the government had only changed the law 政府改变法律”，后面是in order to表示目的的介词短语，可知空格部分意思为“安抚，平息”，句意为：有官员称政府改变法律仅仅是为了对美国做出让步。选项D与之意思接近。8. 单选题Our army succeeded in （ ）the advancing enemy.问题1选项A.retrievingB.revengingC.resentingD.repelling【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retrieve“检索，恢复”；B选项revenge“报复，替复仇”；C选项resent“怨恨，愤恨”；D选项repel“击退，抵制”。由关键词“our army”和“the advancing enemy前进的敌军”，可知空格部分意思可能为“击退，打退”，句意为：我军成功击退前进的敌军。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题He uses color, light and form quite differently from the conventional style of his（ ） .问题1选项A.descendantsB.predecessorsC.successorsD.ancestors【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项descendant“子孙，后裔”；B选项predecessor“前任，前辈”；C选项successor“后继者，继承人”；D选项ancestor“祖宗，祖先”，分析空格前后的句子成分，是一个所有格短语，充当介词from的宾语，意思可以理解为“前辈的传统表达方式”，句意为：他在色彩、光线和形式方面，做法完全不同于他前辈的传统方式。故正确答案选B。10. 单选题He came all the way to China for promoting friendship （ ）for making money.问题1选项A.other thanB.better thanC.more thanD.rather than【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词组搭配。A选项other than“除了，不同于”；B选项better than“比更好”；C选项more than“比多”；D选项rather than“而不是，宁可”。空格部分要填入一个短语连接前后短语形成对比，前面的意思是“for promoting friendship为了增进友谊”和后面“for making money为了赚钱”表示不同的目的，句意为：他一路跋涉来到中国是为了友谊而不是赚钱。故这里选项D符合题意。11. 单选题After so many weeks without rain, the ground quickly （ ）the little rain that fell last night.问题1选项A.skippedB.soakedC.retrievedD.absorbed【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项skip“跳跃、遗漏”；B选项soak“浸湿”；C选项retrieve“检索、恢复”；D选项absorb“吸收、承受”，由题干可推测地面快速“吸收”雨水，句意为：这么多星期没有下雨，地面很快吸收了昨晚的少量雨水。故正确答案选D。12. 单选题（ ） is CORRECT in grammar.问题1选项A.Britain does not agree and neither do Denmark, Portugal and IrelandB.Britain does not agree and either do Denmark. Portugal and IrelandC.Britain does not agree. So do Denmark. Portugal and IrelandD.Britain does not agree. Neither Denmark, Portugal and Ireland do.【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。CORRECT in grammar“语法上正确的”是 Britain does not agree and neither do Denmark, Portugal and Ireland，句意为：英国不同意，丹麦，葡萄牙和爱尔兰也不同意。故答案选 A。13. 单选题Life is a candle （ ）to burn even brighter.问题1选项A.being meantB.meaningC.to meanD.meant【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。根据句中关键词“burn even brighter越燃越亮”的对应知这里指代“人们希望蜡烛（或蜡烛应该）越燃越亮”；再由“mean”一词在表示“主观希望”时一般用被动语态知D项“meant（其完整形式应该为which is meant）”正确。故正确答案选D。14. 翻译题 My dictionary defines happy as “lucky” or “fortunate”, but I think a better definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment.” The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. Its easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, even good health. I added up my little moments of pleasure yesterday. First there was sheer bliss when I shut the last lunchbox and had the house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, which I love. When the kids came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quirt of the day. Later, peace descended again, and my husband and I enjoyed another pleasureintimacy. Sometimes just the knowledge that he wants me can bring me joy.【答案】 我的字典把幸福定义为“幸运”或“好运”。但是我想幸福更好的定义是“享受的能力”。 我们越能享受所拥有的一切，我们就越快乐。我们很容易忽视从爱与被爱、朋友的陪伴、住在想住的地方的自由，甚至健康的身体中获得的快乐。 我总结一下我昨天的幸福时刻：首先是我合上最后一个午餐饭盒，独自在家时，我感到无比幸福；然后过了一个写作不受干扰的上午，这令我愉快；等到孩子们回家，我享受安静的一天过后他们吵闹的声音。不久，宁静再次降临，我和丈夫享受另一种快乐亲密。有时候，只要想到他需要我，就能给我带来快乐。15. 单选题He （ ）his head, wondering how to solve the problem.问题1选项A.scratchedB.screwedC.scrapedD.scrapped【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项scratch“（用手）挠头”；B选项screw“用（螺丝钉）钉住”；C选项scrape“刮，擦”；D选项scrap“抛弃，废弃”，根据空格后面作宾语的关键词“head头”，可知这里填入的单词要符合句子语境意思“想着怎么解决这个问题”，故空格单词意思应该为“（用手）挠头”，句意为：他抓了抓头，想着怎么解决这个问题。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题 Until recently, women in advertisements were one of three things an apron, a glamorous dress or a frown. Although that is now changing, many women still feel angry enough to deface offending advertisements with stickers protesting, “This ad degrades women.” Why does this sort of advertising exist? How can advertisers and ad agencies still produce, sometimes, after months of research, advertising that offends the consumer? The Advertising Standards Authority (the body which deals with complaints about print media) is carrying out a research into how women feel about the way they are portrayed in advertisements. Its conclusions are likely to be what the advertising industry already knows: although women are often irritated by the way they are seen in ads, few feel strongly enough to complain. Women are not the only victims of poor and boring stereotypes in many TV commercials men are seen either as useless, childish oafs (笨蛋) who are unable to perform the simplest household tasks, or as inconsiderate boors, permanently on the lookout for an escape to the pub. But it is women who seem to bear the brunt of the industrys apparent inability to put people into an authentic present-day context. Yet according to Emma Bennett, executive creative director of a London advertising agency, women are not infuriated by stereotypes and sexist advertising. It tends to wash over them, they are not militant or angrythey just find it annoying or tiresome. They reluctantly accept outdated stereotypes, but heave a sigh of relief when an advertisement really gets it right. She says that it is not advertisings use of the housewife role that bothers women, but the way in which it is handled. “Researchers have often asked the wrong questions. The most important thing is the advertisements tone of voice. Women hate being patronized, flattered or given desperately down-to-earth commonsense advice.” In the end, the responsibility for good advertising must be shared between the advertiser, the advertising agency and the consumer. Advertising does not set trends but it reflects them. It is up to the consumer to tell advertisers where they fail, and until people on the receiving end take the business seriously and make their feelings known, the process of change will remain laboriously slow.1. Despite recent changes in attitudes, some advertisements still fail to（ ） .2. According to the writer, the commonest fault of present-day advertising is to（ ） .3. Emma Bennett suggests that advertisement ought to（ ） .4. Ultimately the advertising industry should（ ） .5. The author seems to suggest that in order to improve advertising the customer should （ ）.问题1选项A.change womens opinions of themselvesB.meet the needs of the advertising industryC.persuade the public to buy certain productsD.show any understanding of womens feelings问题2选项A.present a misleading image of womenB.ignore protests against advertisementsC.misrepresent the activities of menD.condemn the role of the housewife问题3选项A.use male images instead of female onesB.give further emphasis to practical adviceC.change their style rather than their contentD.pay more compliments to women than before问题4选项A.take its job more earnestlyB.do more pioneering workC.take notice of the public opinionD.concentrate on the products advertised问题5选项A.take no notice of what is reflected in adsB.remind advertisers of what have been overlookedC.take over the management of advertising agenciesD.refuse to buy products misrepresented by some ads【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“How can advertisers and ad agencies still produce, sometimes, after months of research, advertising that offends the consumer？广告商和广告公司怎么能在经过数月的研究之后，还能生产出冒犯消费者的广告呢？”可推知一些广告仍然没有对消费者的感受表示出任何理解的迹象，故答案选D。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“But it is women who seem to bear the brunt of the industrys apparent inability to put people into an authentic present-day context. 但是，女性似乎首当其冲地承受着这个行业明显的无能，无法将人们置于真实的当今环境中。”可推知作者认为当前的广告最普遍的错误就是没有把女性放在真实的处境中，呈现出不真实的女性形象，答案选A。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段第一句“She says that it is not advertisings use of the housewife role that bothers women, but the way in which it is handled. 她说，困扰女性的并不是广告对家庭主妇角色的使用，而是在于处理它的方式。”由此可推断她建议广告应该改变方式，而不是内容，故答案选C。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一段可知优秀的广告应该由广告商、广告机构和消费者共同完成，由此可推断广告业应该注重民意。答案选C。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“It is up to the consumer to tell advertisers where they fail, and until people on the receiving end take the business seriously and make their feelings known, the process of change will remain laboriously slow. 消费者应该告诉广告商他们失败的地方；而改变的过程将会非常缓慢，直到作为接受方的消费者认真对待这件事，并让他们的感觉被广告商知道。”由此可知答案选B。17. 单选题With scholars from 24 countries （ ）the conference, the committee had a great deal of work to do.问题1选项A.attendB.attendedC.attendingD.to attend【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是非谓语动词。with+名词+分词，表示原因或者伴随条件，scholars和动词attend是主动关系，故正确答案选C。句意为：有来自24个国家的学者参加了会议，组委会有很多工作要做。18. 单选题 The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may be objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soulthe quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate. There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly. When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class. Biographers may claim that their account is the “authentic” one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject, this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Unauthorized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the “unauthorized” characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several “authentic” ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell the story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.1. In this passage, the author focuses on （ ）.2. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?3. The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that（ ）.4. An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because（ ） .5. According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who（ ）.问题1选项A.the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his jobB.the characteristics of different kinds of biographiesC.the techniques required of a biographer to write a food biographyD.the secret of a biographer to win more readers问题2选项A.An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.B.An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject.C.No one can write a perfect biography.D.Authorized biographies have a wider readership.问题3选项A.the best biographies are the ones of heroes and famous figuresB.biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects livesC.the best biographies are meant to transform their readersD.biographies can serve different purpose问题4选项A.it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subjects characterB.it contains interesting information about the subjects private lifeC.it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersD.it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividly问题5选项A.knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from himB.possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subjectC.is independent and treats the subject with fairness and objectivityD.is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writing【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章首先讲述传记作家碰到的各种问题，包括传记作家写作时在两种立场之间摇摆不定。接着详细阐述了传记作家写作创作的难点。最后提到了传记作家“授权问题”。所以由此可知，选项A“传记作者很难找到合适的角度来进行写作”最符合题意。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段第一句“There is no ideal position for such a task.对于传记写作这一工作来说，没有理想的角度。”和第三句“Every position has strengths and weaknesses每一种角度都有其优势和劣势。”可知每位传记作家都面对写作角度中的优势和劣势，所以没有人能够写出完美无缺的传记。故正确答案选C。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“biographies of Jesus”定位到文章第三段最后一句“The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class.”，第三段主要是讲传记作者会根据描述对象做出有目的选择，然后进行写作。所以，对于英雄和人物的传记和神的传记写作的目的是不同的，属于有目的的类型写作。故正确答案选D。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。关键词定位到文章第四段第四句“the unauthorized characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. 这种未经授权的描述通常暗示了当事人原本希望压制流言蜚语的前景。”可知，选项B“它包含了关于描述对象私人生活的有趣信息”更符合题干意思，为正确答案。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject.传记作者必须站在被描述对象同一个世界的同一位置上，必要时需要调整位置来进行描述。”和文章最后一段“In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is authorized by the subject, this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. 在推进这一主张时，他们得到帮助，如果传记被主题授权，这可能允许传记作者的私人信息的特殊访问。”由此可知，理想的传记作家一方面要充分了解被描写的对象，另外一方面也要和他保持一定的距离。故正确答案选A。19. 翻译题 The idea that a quick recession would purge the world of past excesses is ludicrous. The danger is, instead, of a slump, as a mountain of private debt in the US, equal to three times GDP topples over into mass bankruptcy. The downward spiral would begin with further decay of financial systems and proceed via pervasive mistrust, the vanishing of credit, closure of vast numbers of businesses, soaring unemployment, tumbling commodity prices, cascading declines in asset prices and soaring repossessions. Globalization would spread the catastrophe everywhere.【答案】 一个快速的经济衰退将会消除世界的无节制的想法是荒谬的。相反，随着大量私人债务（如在美国大量的私人债务等于美国国内生产总值的3倍）坍塌为大规模破产，这种危险就是衰退。随着金融体系进一步衰退，螺旋式下跌将会开始，然后通过遍布的不信任、信誉的消失、大量企业的倒闭、不断上升的失业率、大宗商品价格暴跌、资产价格狂跌和飙升的收回资产继续进行。全球化将会将这个大灾难扩散到全球所有地方。20. 单选题Finally, Emily （ ）divorce, saying that her husband abused her physically and psychologically.问题1选项A.filled in forB.filed forC.sued forD.applied for【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项fill in for“代替，占据别人位置”；B选项file for“申请”，主要用于申请事业单位工作；C选项sue for“控告”，表示就某事提出诉讼；D选项apply for“申请，提出申请”。由关键词“divorce离婚”，可知空格部分意思可能为“提出控告，控诉”，句意为：最后艾米丽提出离婚诉讼，称她的丈夫对她在身体上和心理上实施家庭暴力。选项C与其意思接近。