2022-2023年考博英语-中国地质大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第33期

2022-2023年考博英语-中国地质大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 填空题Thank you for （1）my questions. I hope I havent taken up too much of your（2）【答案】1.answering2.time【解析】1.语义题。句意: 谢谢你回答我的问题。2.语义题。句意:希望没有占用你太多时间。2. 填空题Sometimes I wonder if its（ ） it to own a car. Nowadays parking is such a nightmare!【答案】worth。【解析】固定搭配。be worth it 值得。3. 单选题Although there has been a great deal of construction at the university in the last few years, but the campus still feels fairly open and uncluttered.问题1选项A.there has beenB.at the university in the lastC.but theD.feels fairly open and unclutteredE.没有问题【答案】C【解析】连词多余。去掉but。句子中已经有了从属连词although，故并列连词but多余。4. 单选题The students, arriving at the usual time for breakfast, were extremely fhrious when they discovered that the prices of almost the food items had doubled overnight.问题1选项A.students, arrivingB.were extremely fhriousC.almost the food itemsD.had doubledE.没有问题【答案】B【解析】副词多余。去除extremely。由 furious 的英文释义“marked by extreme and violent energy or extreme anger”知它已经含有extremely“极其；非常”的意思，故B项这里的“extremely” 属于重复，应该去除。5. 填空题Look at the time! Its already 5:10, and we have to be at the station by 5:45! If we dont （1）up, well （2）our train.句意: 你看看时间吧！现在已经五点十分了，而我们必须在五点四十五分赶到火 车站！如果我们不快点，就会错过火车。【答案】1.hurry2.miss【解析】1.固定搭配。Hurry up 快点。2.语义题。句意:我们就会错过火车。6. 填空题Chongqing（1） to be part of Sichuan, but it was（2） from the province in 1997 and made （3）self-governing municipality. The new political unit has a population （4）about 33 million people, but only 7.5 million of them live in the urban area. The （5）of them live in the nearby districts that are part of the municipality.【答案】1.used2.separated3.a4.of5.rest【解析】1.固定搭配。used to be 曾经是。2.固定搭配。be separated from 与分离3.语法分析。此处填不定冠词a, 表示 “一个”。4.语义题。Has a population of后面接具体人数表示 “有人”。5.语义题。Rest 其余的。7. 填空题John used to drink heavily at business gatherings. His friends and （1）warned him not to drive when he had been drinking, but he always（2） their warnings and drove anyway. The （3）never stopped him while he was on the road, so he concluded that he was an excellent driver（4） when he was drunk. This,（5） , was false, as he proved one evening on his （6）back from a dinner with clients. Very drunk, he drove through a red light and crashed into an oncoming car with five passengers. Two were （7）instantly, two were injured and one, the driver, escaped unharmed. John survived, but he spent two and a half months in the hospital（8） from his many injuries. After his trial he was sent to（9） for three years. He was released last month. Now he is（10） to rebuild his life.【答案】1.colleagues2.ignored3.police4.even5.however6.way7.killed8.recovering9.jail10.trying【解析】1.语义题。由前一句中的“business gatherings(商业聚会)”及本句的 “friends(朋友)”推测此处应填 “colleagues(同事)”。2.逻辑分析。由关键词“but但是”及drove anyway不管怎样还是开车”知这里表示“忽视他们的警告”。3.语义题。由关键词 “stop him让他停下了”及“on the road在路上”可推知第三个空应填“police警察”。4.逻辑分析。这里用even表示让步: 即使喝醉了。5.逻辑分析。However表示转折 “然而”。6.固定搭配。on ones way 在路上。7.语义题。句意: 两人当场死亡，两人受伤，一名司机毫发无伤地逃跑。8.固定搭配。recover from恢复,痊愈。而前面是spend time in (花费时间做某事) , 后面应接动词的ing形式。所以这里填recovering。9.语义题。后面句子说: He was released last month (他上个月被释放), 所以前面说 “被判入狱”。10.语义题。句意: 现在他正在尝试重建他的生活。8. 单选题Later on, in the bar our European acquaintance commented that we were indeed considerably better off than the local people - though perhaps not three times as well off, which is what the difference in room prices suggested.问题1选项A.Later onB.considerably better offC.not three times as wellD.difference in room prices suggested.E.没有错误【答案】D【解析】语法题。时态错误。Suggested改为Suggests。Which is what the difference in room prices suggested,这是一个定语从句,其中又有一个表语从句。定语从句中的系动词is是一般现在时,因此表语从句中的谓语动词也应该为现在时,即suggests。9. 单选题The woman, 69 years old and still active as a professor at Harvard University, told a research team that she had begun to find it hard to recall the names of ever faculty members. Not long ago she had forgotten her classroom number when asking for a slide projector to be sent up. She had one anxious question for the research team, assembled to study the normal course of mental aging: “Am I losing my ability to remember, and perhaps even to think clearly?”That question is the principal focus of a new wave of scientific inquiry on the decline in mental ability with age. The findings are challenging some basic assumptions, like the belief that such decline is a natural part of the aging process, irrespective of general health.From 20 to 30 percent of people in their 80s who volunteer for cognitive testing perform as well as volunteers in their 30s and 40s, who are presumably in their mental prime. The intellectual and creative productivity in later life of certain artists and intellectuals may represent not so much an exception as an ideal, some experts now say.Dr KW Schaie, a psychologist at Pennsylvania State University, is the director of a major study of normal mental decline in the elderly. For over 35 years, his study has been following more than 5000 men and women who have been tested regularly. Dr Schaies investigations seek to fill a gap in gerontological research, which, according to Dr Jack Rowe, president of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine and a leading expert in the field, has focused on disease and disability, and neglected the prospects of maintaining high functioning in old age. Dr Rowe heads a research network on successful aging sponsored by the MacArthur Foundation. In an interview he pointed out that gerontologists have focused on the 6 to 15 percent of the elderly who are frail and then lumped everyone else together as normal. But there is a huge variation from person to person among older people: the older a group gets, the less like each other people in it become.”Dr Schaies most recent findings were reported this month in The American Psychologist. Although the studys results show abilities begin to decline gradually in the middle to late 60s and accelerate in the late 70s. The rate of decline differs for various mental faculties and differs in men and women. The sharpest declines are seen in basic mathematics. By their late 80s, both men and women were only about half as adept in basic math as they had been in their 50s. For men, the least decline shown is in spatial orientation, for example, in reading a map correctly. By the late 80s, it had dropped by only about one-eighth on average.For women, the most enduring mental skill is inductive reasoning, assessing the information in a timetable, for instance. As women reached their late 80s, it had dropped just over one-eighth from its height in middle age. One of the drastic declines for women proved to be in verbal comprehension, while that ability dropped relatively little into the 70s, it plummeted by about one-quarter during the 80s. For men, the decline was slight in those years.Another study, this one by Dr Richard Mons, a psychologist at Mount Sinai Medical School who is the acting director of a research consortium on normal memory loss and aging sponsored by the Charles A. Dana Foundation, has found that different kinds of memory differ in their vulnerability to aging. “Crystallized” memory, ie, vocabulary or other knowledge accumulated over the years holds up very well into old age. “Fluid” memory, on the other hand, the ability to add new information to memory or to recall something that happened recently is more prone to decline, beginning in the 60s. He found little decline in very short-term memory, like remembering a telephone number just looked up.A pair of Harvard psychologists, Douglas Powell and Kean Whitla, have designed a computerized test of mental skills like long-term and short-term memory, attention, reasoning and calculation; they reported the test in the February issue of Current Directions in Psychological Science. They are the researchers whom the 69-year-old professor spoke with. Their test compares a persons score with norms for others of the same age, for people who are still in middle age and for others in their own professional group.Dr Schaies study has found certain predictors for good mental function in old age. These include a high level of ability in reading comprehension and verbal fluency, a successful career or some other involvement through life and continuing keen mental interests after retirement. Having a flexible attitude in middle age was also a promising indicator. “There is less mental decline in people who adapt easily to change, who like learning new things and enjoy going to new places,” Dr Schaie observed. The study also found that simply living with someone with these characteristics is beneficial. “It helps to have a high-functioning spouse, since this is your major immediate social environment and support.” Dr Schaie stated.1.The 69-year-old woman mentioned at the beginning of the passage is finding it increasingly（ ） .2.Some artists and intellectuals remain productive to the very end of long lives. The writer of the passage states that some experts .3.Dr Schaies findings reveal that（ ） .4.Dr Schaie tells us that the average 85-year-old woman is likely to have lost a good deal of her ability to（ ） .5.Dr Jack Rowe, in addition to serving as director of a well-known medical school,6.Dr Rowe says, there is a huge variation from person to person among older people: the older a group gets, the less like each other the people in it become.” This can best be paraphrased (re-stated) as .7.Which of these items would Dr Mohs not classify as part of your crystallized memory?8.What Powell and Whitla have created（ ） .9.If you were a young man thinking of getting married and you asked Dr Schaie for advice he would probably tell you to（ ） .10.This article （ ）.11.Given that the average person is unlikely to know that geronto- is the Greek root meaning “old person” (see line 22), we may reasonably conclude that this article is intended for（ ） .12.The word challenging in line 7 means（ ） .13.The word cognitive in line 9 is（ ） .14.The opposite of flexible in line 52 is（ ） .15.The word promising in line 52 means（ ） .问题1选项A.difficult to remember who her colleagues are.B.difficult to recall some of her colleagues facesC.difficult to remember what some of her colleagues are calledD.easy to forget the name of her facultyE.easy to forget what some of her younger colleagues do in the faculty问题2选项A.believe that such examples are more common than gerontologists formerly supposedB.are certain that such late productivity is impossible for ordinary people in other walks of lifeC.are almost certain that in the future such late productivity will become quite ordinaryD.suspect that it is wrong to regard such late productivity as abnormal rather than simply uncommonE.reject the idea that such people can be taken as models for normal human beings问题3选项A.the pattern of mental decline among men and women is virtually identicalB.loss of the ability to calculate is severe in women, but much less so in menC.among older women, inductive reasoning is just as impaired by aging as is basic mathD.damage to inductive reasoning among the elderly is about equal for men and womenE.loss of the ability to calculate is severe in both men and women问题4选项A.use numbers and understand languageB.use numbers and read timetablesC.read timetables and use mapsD.understand language and read timetablesE.learn new facts and use numbers问题5选项A.is the head of a foundation that gives money for research on the problems of the elderlyB.is one of Americas top gerontologists studying old people with abnormally severe memory lossC.is the leader of a tightly coordinated research association studying how to remain healthy in old ageD.is responsible for deciding which experts on successful aging will get research grants from the MacArthur FoundationE.is the leader of a loosely coordinated group of research teams studying how to remain healthy in old age问题6选项A.The older the people in a group get, the more characteristics they share Differences between individuals in a group diminish as age increasesB.As people age, certain similarities increase, while others become less markedC.Human individuals are very dissimilar at any age; this is no less true as people grow olderD.Overall resemblances between members of a human group decrease as the years go by问题7选项A.A headline in last weeks newspaperB.The date of your eldest childs birthC.Your mothers nameD.The meaning of the English word “geology”E.The formula for finding the area of a triangle问题8选项A.constitutes a great advance in computer softwareB.compares someone like the 69-year-old woman with other women and with other people of various ages, but not with other university instructorsC.will probably confirm many of Dr Schaies findings and invalidate those of Dr MohsD.should make it easier to determine the relative mental skills of large numbers of peopleE.will be of little use to Dr Schaie but very valuable for Dr Mohs问题9选项A.marry someone quiet and dependableB.seek unity and stability in your marriageC.marry someone lively and curiousD.avoid women who are always trying to change their situationsE.choose someone who would rather read than travel问题10选项A.is limited to a discussion of Dr Schaies recent researchB.surveys recent developments in the study of aging and the elderlyC.gives an overview of recent advances in the understanding of the relation between old age and mental activitiesD.is primarily a criticism of the excessive concentration among earlier gerontologists on severe memory loss by the elderlyE.explains recent advances in scientific understanding of the physical mechanisms of mental decline among the aged问题11选项A.gerontologists interested in recent developments in their fieldB.school children being taught how to deal with difficult old peopleC.doctors who need a technical summary of recent advances in mental researchD.university-educated readers curious about recent work in gerontologyE.adults with secondary-school educations or less who want to know what will happen to their memories as they grow older问题12选项A.supportingB.supplying evidence forC.disprovingD.bringing into doubtE.suspicious问题13选项A.an adjective pertaining to the act of knowing and judgingB.a verb meaning to invent by suing the power of ones brainC.a noun related to the word recognizeD.an adjective referring to the process of agingE.a noun meaning a mental action, especially one involving recognition问题14选项A.easyB.bendingC.difficultD.strongE.rigid问题15选项A.indicating a definite resultB.productiveC.strongly suggesting possible resultsD.guaranteeing certain resultsE.guaranteed by the evidence【答案】第1题:A第2题:E第3题:E第4题:A第5题:C第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:C第11题:D第12题:D第13题:A第14题:E第15题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第一段: find it hard to recall the names of ever faculty members（发现自己很难记起曾经的同事的名字）。干扰项为C: 很难记起一些自己的同事的名字。此处 “一些”与原文不符。因此A项 “很难记起自己的同事是谁”正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干关键词Some artists and intellectuals remain productive定位至第三段: The intellectual and creative productivity in later life of certain artists and intellectuals may represent not so much an exception as an ideal, some experts now say(一些专家说,某些艺术家和知识分子晚年的智力和创造性生产力，与其说是一种理想，不如说是一种例外)。由此可知E项“不认为这类人可以被当成普通人的模范”正确。3.细节事实题。题干问的是Dr Schaie的研究发现,据此定位至第五段第四、五句: The sharpest declines are seen in basic mathematics. By their late 80s, both men and women were only about half as adept in basic math as they had been in their 50s(最大的下降体现在基本的数学运算能力上。到80岁末的时候，男女的基本数学运算能力仅大约是其50岁时的一半)。故E项“男女计算能力的丧失都很严重”正确。B 项“在计算能力丧失方面，女人比男人更严重”与第四、五句的句意不符。第五段第三句: Therate of decline differs for various mental faculties and differs in men and women(不同智力水平的下降程度不同，男女的下降程度也不同), 可知知A项“男女智力下降的模式几乎是一致的”及D项“在归纳推理能力丧失方面，男女老年人大约是一致的”不正确。C项“在老年妇女中，归纳推理与基本数学能力因年龄增长而丧失的程度是一样”, 文中没有提及。4.细节事实题。第六段第三句: One of the drastic declines for women proved to be in verbal comprehension, while that ability dropped relatively little into the 70s, it plummeted by about one-quarter during the 80s(女人遭受的最严重智力下降之一被证明 是在语言理解能力上，它在女人迈入70岁时下降的相对较少，但等他们到80岁的时，它就会很快下降差不多25%)及第三题的分析“85岁女人的数学运算能力也会大大降低”得知正确答案为A “使用数字及理解语言”。5.细节事实题。第四段第三句说Dr Jack Rowe是 “a leading expert in the field”(老年学研究领域的前沿专家)。第四句说: Dr Rowe heads a research network on successful aging sponsored by the MacArthur Foundation (Dr Rowe 领导一个受 MacArthur 基金赞助的有关成功老龄化的研究网络)。由此可知C项 “是一个协调紧密的研究协会的领导，该协会研究如何保持老年健康”正确。6.语义题。题干意思为: 在老年人中，人与人之间的差异都很大：一组人的年龄越大，组员之间的差异就更大。因此E项“人类群体中成员间的整体相似性随年龄的増加而减少”正确。7.推理判断题。第七段: “Crystallized” memory, ie, vocabulary or other knowledge accumulated over the years holds up very well into old age (固态记忆指经年累积的词汇或其它知识，其能很好地保持到年老时)。因此A项“上周报纸的一个标题”不属于固态记忆。8.推理判断题。Dr Schaie的研究发现: The rate of decline differs for various mental faculties and differs in men and women(不同智力水平的下降率不同，男女的下降率也不同)。Dr Richard Mons的研究发现: different kinds of memory differ in their vulnerability to aging (不同类型的记忆在其易老化性上有所不同)。Douglas Powell and Kean Whitla的研究方式: designed a computerized test of mental skills like long-term and short-term memory, attention, reasoning and calculation (设计了一个关于长期和短期记忆、注意力、推理和计算等心理技能的计算机测试); compares a persons score with norms for others of the same age, for people who are still in middle age and for others in their own professional group (将一个人的分数与其他同龄人、中年人和其他专业人士的标准进行比较)。因此可知这些人的研究方向是有重叠的，故C项“将有可能证实DrSchaie的一些发现，却会让Dr Mons的发现失效”正确。9.推理判断题。第九段:a successful career or some other involvement through life and continuing keen mental interests after retirement（一份成功的事业或生活中的其它活动，退休后保持强烈的精神情趣）及who adapt easily to change, who like learning new things and enjoy going to new places （容易适应变化，喜欢学习新东西与去新的地方）,这些都被Dr Schaie认为是在年老时精神功能良好的预示，研究也发现仅仅与具有这些特点的人生活都是受益的（The study also found that simply living with someone with these characteristics is beneficial）,并且Dr Schaie 说 “It helps to have a high-functioning spouse（有一个高功能的配偶是有帮助的）。因此如果向Dr Schaie征求关于寻找伴侣的意见,他更会建议 “与一个充满活力与好奇心的人结婚”。10.主旨大意题。文章主要讲老年人的智力变化与其年龄增长的关系知C项 “概述了在了解年龄增长与智力活动之间的关系方面取得的最新进展”正确。11.主旨大意题。题干意思是: 假如一般人不太可能知道geron是希腊语的词根，意思是“老人”（见第22行），我们可以合理地推断这篇文章针对的人群是 。该文章主要讲老年人的智力变化与其年龄增长的关系,而且专业性不是很强。因此D项“接受过大学教育并对老年学研究进展感兴趣的的读者”正确。12.词义题。Challenging所在句: The findings are challenging some basic assumptions, like the belief that such decline is a natural part of the aging process, irrespective of general health (这些发现对一些基本假设提出了挑战，比如认为这种下降是衰老过程的自然组成部分，与一般健康状况无关), 因此这里的challenging为动词,因此D项 “质疑”正确。13.词义题。cognitive（认知的，认识的）本身是形容词，可以直接排除B项(动词,表示), C项与E项(名词,表示)。Cognitive所在句: From 20 to 30 percent of people in their 80s who volunteer for cognitive testing perform as well as volunteers in their 30s and 40s, who are presumably in their mental prime(在80多岁自愿参加认知测试的人中，有20%到30%的人表现出色，30多岁和40多岁的人也表现出色，他们大概处于精神发育的最佳时期)。因此A项“与认识与判断行为相关的一个形容词”正确。14.词义题。对a flexible attitude的解释为: adapt easily to change, who like learning new things and enjoy going to new places(容易适应变化，喜欢学习新东西与去新的地方)。故flexible的意思为 “灵活多变”。其反义词为E项“僵硬的，死板的”。15.词义题。Promising所在句: Having a flexible attitude in middle age was also a promising indicator(中年时态度灵活也是一个很有前途的指标)。因此Promising表示”有希望的，有前途的”。故选 C “有力地暗示可能结果”。10. 单选题We got into a taxi with John to send him to the train station, but we had only gone about half a kilometer when we were involved in an accident.问题1选项A.to send him toB.we had only goneC.whenD.were involved inE.没有问题【答案】A【解析】动词误用。send改为take。send的意思为“