考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学模拟考试题含答案6

考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学模拟考试题含答案1. 问答题Less noted but equally significant, the men and women who formed families between 1940 and 1960 alsoreduced the divorce rate after a postwar peak: their marriages remained intact to a A Bgreater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well as later decades. C D【答案】试题答案：C; those【解析】考查代词。由“their marriages”可知此处代词应用相应的复数形式，that的复数形式为those。2. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English.如今北京和纽约的共同之处不仅包括了繁忙的商业中心，寒冷的冬季和拥挤的城铁车厢，根据一项年度排名，北京还在亿万富翁的人数方面赶超纽约。根据这份报告，尽管中国经济放缓，中国制造的财富却超过了全球所有其它地区。大多数人的生活被他们身处的环境所决定。他们不仅接受既定的命运，而且顺从命运的安排。他们就像街上的有轨电车一样，在既定的轨道上行驶，而对于那些敏捷地出没于车 水马龙间，欢快地奔驰在旷野上的汽车却不屑一顾。我尊重他们，他们是好市民、好丈夫和好父亲。当然，总得有人来支付税收，但是，他们并没有令人激动的地方。【答案】Nowadays, what Beijing and New York have in common do not only include busy commercial centers, cold winter time and crowded compartments of commuter trains, but also the former has caught up with and surpass the latter in terms of the number of billionaires according to an annual ranking. According to this report, the wealth created by China has exceeded that produced by all the other regions across the world although Chinas economy development has slowed down.The lives of most people are determined by their living environments. They do not only accept fixed destinies, but also yield to the arrangement of fate. They are just like tramcars in the street running on fixed railways and they scoff at those cars which swiftly appear and disappear among heavy traffic and speed cheerfully in open fields. I respect them; they are good citizens, good husbands, and good fathers. Of course, some people have to pay taxes; but they have nothing to do with any excited thing.3. 翻译题虽然美国总统奥巴马公开号召美国民众购买股票，但是由于投资者信心涣散，市场上难寻买家。3月5日，纽约股市三大股指跌幅全部超过4%，其中道琼斯指数自2日跌破7000点后又跌破6600点，创出自1997年4月以来的新低。导致当天纽约股市受重挫的直接原因是美国最大的汽车制造商通用汽车公司可能破产的消息。通用汽车公司在向美国证券交 易委员会提交的报告中说，审计机构认为按照目前的状况公司很难继续生存下去。通用汽车公司表示，如果重组计划无法通过政府审核，公司将申请破产保护。由于通用汽车公司破产可能引发的连锁反应将严重打击美国经济，本以为奥巴马政府有望解决汽车业巨头困境的投资者纷纷抛售通用汽车公司的股票，导致该公司股票暴跌。【答案】Although the United States President Barack Obama publicly called on Americans to buy shares, its hard to find buyers in stock market because of the shaky confidence of investors. On March 5, the three major stock indexes in New York stock market all fell over 4%, among which the Dow Jones Index again fell below 6600 points after falling below 7000 points on March 2, hitting a new low since April 1997. The direct reason which caused such great setback of the New York stock market on that day is the news which said that General Motors Corporation (GM), the Americas biggest carmaker, could go bankrupt. In a report submitted to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission GM said that the audit institution think it is very difficult to survive according to its current situation. GM said that if the restructuring plan was not approved by government, the company will file for bankruptcy protection. A chain reaction probably resulting from GMs bankruptcy will hit gravely the economy of U.S.，the investors who originally thought that the Obama administration would hopefully rescue the auto giant from difficult position one after another sold the shares of GM, giving rise to slump of its shares.4. 单选题Discontent with the cost and sometimes impersonal delivery of health care has fueled A Bgrowth in alternative medicine, now a $14 billions-a-year industry. C D问题1选项A.sometimesB.has fueledC.alternativeD.$14 billions-a-year【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致。主语为discontent with the cost（对成本的不满）和impersonal delivery of health care（非个人医疗服务的提供）表示的是两件不同的事，因此谓语动词用复数形式。试题答案：B; have fueled5. 单选题The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing problems, formulating options, estimating likelihood of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-to-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition” to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Iscnbergs recent research on senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!” experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to by-pass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking” is indispensable from acting. Since mangers often“know”what right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/action cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great Uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/issue cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just implementing the solution.1. According to the passage, the classical model of decision analysis includes all of the followingEXCEPT（ ）.2. According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPTto（ ）.3. The passage suggests which of the following about “writers on management mentioned in thePara. 2?4. Which of the following best exemplifies “an Aha experience as it is presented in the Para. 2?5. The passage provides support for which of the following statements?问题1选项A.creation of possible solutions to a problemB.establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisionC.comparison of the probable effects of different solutions to a problemD.action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem问题2选项A.identify a problemB.stipulate clear goalsC.evaluate possible solutions to a problemD.speed up the creation of a solution to a problem问题3选项A.They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.B.They have relied in drawing their conclusion on what managers say rather than on what managers do.C.They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.D.They have not acknowledged the role of intuition in managerial practice.问题4选项A.A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.B.A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problem at hand.C.A manager swiftly decides which of several sets of tactics to implement in order to deal with the contingencies suggested by a problem.D.A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.问题5选项A.Managers sometimes cannot justify their intuitive actions.B.Logical analysis of a problem increases the number of possible solutions.C.Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.D.Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing problems, formulating options, estimating likelihood of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. 多数成功的高级管理人员并没有严格遵循经典的决策分析模型，即首先明确目标，评估问题，制定选择，估计成功的可能性，做出决定，然后采取行动执行决定。”可知ABC三项均为经典决策分析法，D项“为发现有关问题的更多信息而采取的行动”属于高级管理人员运用直觉分析的方法。故D项正确。2.推理判断题。由第一段“Rather, in their day-to-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition” to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking. 相反，在他们日常的战术演习中，这些高级管理人员依靠被模糊地称为“直觉”的东西来管理一个相互关联的问题网络，要求他们处理模棱两可、不一致、新奇和惊奇;并将行动融入到思考的过程中。”可知B项“制定清晰的目标”不是高级管理人员运用直觉的目的。”正确。ACD三项在文中都有体现。3.推理判断题。由第二段“Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. 几代管理方面的作家都认识到，一些实践中的管理者严重依赖直觉。然而，总的来说，这些作家对直觉的理解很差。”可知C项“他们误解了管理者在做商业决策时是如何使用直觉的。”正确。4.推理判断题。由第二段“A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!” experience. 直觉的第三个功能是将孤立的数据和实践整合成一个完整的画面，通常是“啊哈!”经验。”可知Aha经验就是将孤立的数据整合成一个完整的画面。故D项“一位经理突然将看似不相关的事实和经历联系起来，从而创造出与手头问题相关的模式。”正确。5.推理判断题。由第二段“First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. 首先，他们直觉地感觉到问题的存在。第二，管理者依靠直觉快速地执行经过良好学习的行为模式。这种直觉不是武断的或非理性的，而是建立在多年艰苦的实践和建立技能的实际经验的基础上。”可知C项“直觉使管理者更有效地运用他们的实践经验。”正确。6. 问答题This competition is good for the overall development of Chinas long-monopolizing banking Aindustry and is expected to intensify by the end of the year or early next year as more private B C Dbanks are established.【答案】试题答案：A; monopolized【解析】考查非谓语动词。banking industry与monopolize的关系是被动的，故用其过去分词做定语修饰。7. 问答题From its origin in Europe as witty sketches, caricature grew through the eighteenth and A Bnineteenth century, becoming enormously popular in the United States early in this century. In C D1920s and 1930s especially, this lively form of illustration appeared in newspapers and magazines throughout the country. The caricaturists in this era drew their portraits of important figures primarily to entertain.【答案】试题答案：C; countries【解析】考查名词单复数。由“the eighteenth and nineteenth（十八世纪和十九世纪）可知此处对应的名词应用复数形式”，country的复数形式为countries。8. 问答题Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laughs. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid（1）humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divide world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter,（2 ） turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor. Certain comic stereotypes have universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplins early films.The little man（3） odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, “Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed（4） the same way.” A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle （5）an earth quaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed（6 ） comedy. So we never get & lop sided view of things.This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often（7） the brink of war, political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense（8） proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gullivers Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they cant agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish.The sense of humor must be singled（9） as mans most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative these are qualities we share（10） other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.Fill in each blank in the article with an appropriate preposition(介词).Read the article carefully and explain the meaning of the words according to the context.devoid (in paragraph 1)plague (in paragraph 1)stereotype (in paragraph 1)fanatic (in paragraph 3)satire (in paragraph 4)somber (in paragraph 4)redress (in paragraph 4)absurd (in paragraph 4)weep (in paragraph 4)initiative (in paragraph 5)【答案】1.考查介词搭配。由文章第一句可知我们与动物的区别在于我们有笑的能力，因此后面要表达的是没有幽默感，与前面相对应。devoid of意为“缺乏，缺少”。试题答案：of2.考查介词搭配。in turn意为“反过来”。试题答案：in3.考查介词搭配。at odds with society意为“与社会格格不入”。试题答案：at4.考查介词搭配。in the same way意为“同样地”。试题答案：in5.考查介词搭配。from.to意为“从到”。此句意为：幽默感有各种表现形式，笑可以是从微笑到狂笑，但它的效果是一样的。试题答案：to6.考查介词搭配。far removed from意为“与相差太远”。此句意为：我们总是被提醒，悲剧并没有真正远离喜剧。试题答案：from7.考查介词搭配。on the brink of意为“濒于，濒临”。试题答案：on8.考查介词搭配。sense of意为“的感觉”试题答案：of9.考查介词搭配。根据后面的“But the sense of humor is uniquely human（但幽默感是人类特有的）”可知此处表示幽默感最为人类最重要的一个品质，应该被单独提出来。be signed out意为“被单独提出来”。试题答案：out10.考查介词搭配。share with意为“与分享，共用”。此句意为：勇气、决心、主动性这些是我们与其他生命形式共同拥有的品质。试题答案：with1.试题答案：缺乏的2.试题答案：给造成困扰，折磨3.试题答案：模式，刻板印象4.试题答案：极端分子，狂热者5.试题答案：讽刺6.试题答案：低沉的，阴暗的7.试题答案：补偿8.试题答案：荒谬的9.试题答案：哭泣10.试题答案：创造性，主动性9. 问答题Artists use caricature to distort the human face or figure for comic affect while at the same time A Bcapturing an identifiable likeness and suggesting the essence of the personality or character Cbeneath the surface. The humor lies in the fact that the caricature is recognizable, and yet exasperated. D【答案】试题答案：B; effect【解析】考查名词辨析。comic为形容词，意为“”喜剧的，后面接名词。affect作动词时，意为“影响”，作名词时，意为“情感”；effect为名词，意为“影响，效果”。10. 问答题Among the principal challenges to sustained growth of international economic relations is the Arisen protectionism, especially in new and virulent forms that threaten the always fragile growth B C Dof trade between countries at all levels of development.【答案】试题答案：B; rising【解析】考查形容词辨析。risen意为“升起的”，rising意为“上升的”，此处表示指上升的保护主义。11. 问答题The ambitious individual, far from (A) identifying himself and his fortunes to the group, wishes to (B) rise above it. The ambitious man or woman (C) sees the world as a battle; rivalrousness is his or her principal emotion: the world has limited prizes to offer,and he or she (D) is determined to get his or hers.【答案】A；改成identifying himself and his fortunes with。identify with认为等同于，与一致。12. 问答题Among the more benign activities of the United Nations is the dedication of various years to specific causes. Mountains, deserts, rice and dialogue have all had their 365 days of fame. There is little evidence that the attention has done mountains, deserts rice and dialogue any harmbut also not much to suggest that they have benefited either.In the next 12 months the spotlight falls on microfinance, the business of lending small amounts of money to the poor, taking deposits from them, transmitting money on their behalf and insuring them. With luck, the UNs effort will turn out to be substantial rather than symbolic. It certainly kicked off in style, with a big party at the UNs New York head quarters that demonstrated how fashionable the subject has become. Among the 700 in attendance were top bankers, politicians and a film star or two. The UN also announced the appointment of an advisory panel to consider what may be impeding the growth and effectiveness of microfinance.The success of the year depends to a great extent on whether the UN can harness its member states and financial institutions to establish some basic facts. Remarkably little is known about how finance operates outside wealthy countries. No good data exist on how many people have access to financial institutions, the breadth and penetration of banks in poor countries, the real cost of a loan and the time it takes to get one, the ease of making a deposit and so forth.Micro finance itself is something of a mystery. There are no authoritative figures on the number and performance of microfinance lending institutions. There is not even convincing information, beyond lots of anecdotes illustrated by photographs of women in rural villages, about whether microfinance makes