2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前模拟强化练习题32（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Harnessing the wind to（ ）electricity dates back to 1890.问题1选项A.manufactureB.yieldC.growD.generate【答案】D【解析】句意:利用风来发电可追溯到1890年。考查动词辨析。Manufacture 制造,加工; yield 出产(作物),产生(收益、效益等),提供,放弃; grow扩大,增加,增强; generate产生,引起,发(电)。故D符合句意。2. 单选题It is imperative that the government（ ）more investment into the shipbuilding industry.问题1选项A.attractsB.shall attractC.attractD.has to【答案】C【解析】句意:政府有必要吸引更多投资到造船业。语法题。考查虚拟语气。It is imperative（essential/necessary/desirable/important/vital.等）+that引导的主语从句中谓语动词应该用虚拟语气:动词原形或should+动词原形。故选C。3. 单选题Please（ ）yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them.问题1选项A.restrainB.hinderC.restrictD.prohibit【答案】A【解析】句意:请不要在公共场所吸烟以及随地吐痰！这可是违法的！考查动词辨析。restrain制止，阻止，管制，忍住，后可接反身代词和from,构成restrain oneself from.表示戒掉习惯，符合题意。hinder 妨碍，阻止，后不接from,故排除。restrict 限制，后接介词 to,构成restrict to表示仅限于，不符合句意，故排除。prohibit 禁止，可以直接接宾语，后面不接from，也排除。因此选A。4. 单选题The reason that the city attracts lots of inhabitants lies in that its a city of（ ）.问题1选项A.intensityB.diversityC.adversityD.necessity【答案】B【解析】句意:这个城市吸引很多居民的原因在于它是一个多元化的城市。考查名词辨析。Intensity 强度,强烈;diversity 不同(点),多样性,多样化; adversity困境,逆境; necessity 必然,必要,需要。因此B符合句意。5. 单选题As a start toward better policy making, the administration should put forward a detailed analysis（ ）each major proposed policy change.问题1选项A.justifyingB.criticizingC.designingD.prohibiting【答案】A【解析】句意:作为更好政策制定的开始，行政机构应提出一个详细的分析来证明每个被提议的主要政策变化都是有道理的。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。Justify 证明 正当（或有道理、合理），替辩护；criticize 批评，评论;design 设计，计划，构思; prohibit 阻止，禁止。因此A符合句意。6. 单选题The boy cycling in the street was knocked down by a minibus and received（ ）injuries.问题1选项A.fatalB.excessiveC.disastrousD.exaggerated【答案】A【解析】句意:在街上，骑车的男孩被一辆小型客车撞倒，生命垂危。考查形容词辨析。fatal 致命的，灾难性的，重大的，决定性的。 excessive极度的，过分的;disastrous灾难性的，损失惨重的;exaggerate 夸大的，言过其实的。就前面句意“骑车的男孩被一辆小型客车撞倒”可知A正确。7. 单选题She has always（ ）her neighbors for the past twenty years.问题1选项A.been fed up withB.been on good terms withC.gotten around toD.gone along with【答案】B【解析】句意:在最近二十年里，她一直与自己的邻居保持着良好的关系。语法题。考查现在完成时。由题干关键词“for the past twenty years.在最近的二十年里”与“has always 直”可知此处表示延续状态,所以用现在完成时(has been),故排除C，D。be fed up with表示“厌烦”,不是持续状态。Be on good terms with 同某人关系好,是持续状态。故选B。8. 单选题Over the last fifteen years, jogging has become a popular（ ）for 30 million participants of all ages.问题1选项A.fantasyB.pastimeC.symposiumD.penalty【答案】B【解析】句意:在最近的十五年里，慢跑己成为三千万所有年龄层参与者所喜欢的一种消遣。考查名词辨析。fantasy幻想，想象，想象产物;；pastime消遣，休闲活动; symposium 讨论会，座谈会;penalty 罚款，处罚。因此B符合句意。9. 单选题The ideal companion machinethe computer would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the users life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computers own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.1. Which of the following is not a feature of the ideal companion machine?2. The computer would develop friendships with humans in a (an)（ ）way.3. Which of the following aspects is not mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?4. Throughout the passage, the author is（ ）in his attitude toward the computer.5. Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?问题1选项A.Active in communicationB.Attractive in personalityC.Enjoyable in perfomianceD.unpredictable in behavior问题2选项A.quickB.unpredictableC.productiveD.inconspicuous问题3选项A.Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.B.Being sensitive to earlier contact.C.Being ready to learn about the persons life.D.Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.问题4选项A.favorableB.criticalC.vagueD.hesitant问题5选项A.Artificial RelationshipsB.How to Form Intimate RelationshipsC.The Affectionate MachineD.Humans and Computers【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。A:在交流上是生动的,第一段指出: The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions (这个机械将不是被动的参与者，而将会增加自己的建议、信息和意见),由此可知A项属于理想伴侣机械的特点。B:在个性上有吸引力, 由最后一段中“The computers own personality would be lively and impressive.( 这个电脑自己的个性将是充满生气且令人印象深刻)可知B项属于理想伴侣机械的特点。C:在表现上令人愉快,第一段指出: The ideal companion machinethe computer would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner (想的伴侣机械（即电脑）将不仅仅在外表、感觉和声音上是友好的，且还会被编程去以令人愉快的方式来表现),因此C属于理想伴侣机械的特点。D:在行为上无法预测,由第一段中 “yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable(但是这个机械（即电脑）也仍然稍微有些不可预测)”可知D不符合原文所述。因此选D。2.细节事实题。第二段指出: The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation (这整个过程（即人与电脑之间友谊形成的过程）将会以一种微妙的方式来实现，以便避免去给出一个将可能引起恼怒的过度亲密的印象),因此D项“难以察觉的”正确。3.细节事实题。A:能发起一段有趣的对话,第一段指出: it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic (它有时会主动提出或改变互动的活题),因此A项符合原文所述。B: 受先前的交流影响,文章并未提及。C: 准备去了解人的生活,由第一段中“in its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style (在电脑首次与人进行互动时，它可能有些迟疑，但随着对使用者的了解，在互动吋它会变得更放松且亲密)”可知C项符合原文所述。D: 有一个令人喜欢且能随机应变的个性,最后一段指出: it would develop in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner (它会相应使川者的性格来形成固己的性格。带着如这些样的性格，这个机械可能的确变成一个非常有吸引力的社会伙伴)。因此D符合原文所述。因此本题选B。4.观点态度题。从末段中“With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner(因为这些特征,这个机械可能的确变成一个非常有吸引力的社会伙伴)”可以看出作者持赞成的态度。故选A。5.主旨大意题。作者在第一段提出“有感情的机械”这个 话题及随后段落“阐述有感情的机械与人在友谊形成方式及这种人造友谊带来的好处,因此C项“有感情的机械”比较适合做文章标题。10. 单选题Please do not be（ ）by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.问题1选项A.disregardedB.distortedC.irritatedD.intervened【答案】C【解析】句意:他只是想引起注意，所以请不要因为他的不礼貌而生气。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。Disregard 不顾，不理。Distort 歪曲，曲解。irritate激怒，发怒。Intervene 介入，干涉，阻挠，一般作不及物动词，不可用于被动语态。根据空格后的his bad manners(他的不礼貌)可判断，C项正确。11. 单选题For several days I saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighborhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, Do you think Im handsome. Miss Eyre?The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: “No, sir.”Ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.Sir, Im sorry. I should have said that beauty doesnt matter, or something likes that.No, you shouldnt! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance your few good points”I thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly, “Yes, youre right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been very different. I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasnt my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this? Because youre the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because youre sympathetic and give them hope.It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didnt seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time.Dont be afraid of me, Miss Eyre. He continued. You dont relax or laugh very much, perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. Youre like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, youll fly very high. Good night.1.At the beginning Miss Eyres impressions of Mr. Rochester were all except（ ）.2.In “.and all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house the word“about” means（ ）.3. Why did Mr. Rochester say “.and then you stab me in the back!” in the 7th paragraph?4. From what Mr. Rochester told Miss Eyre, we can conclude that he wanted to（ ）.5. Al the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester sounded（ ）.问题1选项A.busyB.sociableC.friendlyD.changeable问题2选项A.aroundB.onC.outsideD.concerning.问题3选项A.Because Miss Eyre had intended to kill him with a knife.B.Because Miss Eyre had intended to be more critical.C.Because Miss Eyre had regretted having talked to him.D.Because Miss Eyre had said something else to correct herself.问题4选项A.Tell her all his troublesB.tell her his life experience.C.change her opinion of himD.change his circumstances问题5选项A.rudeB.coldC.friendlyD.encouraging.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。A:忙碌的,B:好交际的, 由第一段中“In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighborhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him (早上，他忙于生意，在下午有附近的绅士会拜访他，并且有时会留下来与他用餐)”可知A和B属埃雷女士对罗彻斯特的印象。C:友好的,D:易变的,由第二段“.he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile (他有时会冷淡地从我身边走过，而有吋会鞠躬且微笑)”可知C不属于埃雷女士对罗彻斯特的印象,D属于。因此答案选C。2.词义题。在句子“.and all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the House”中, all my knowledge of him是主语, was limited to是谓语,句子结构已经完整。因此about the House是介词短语。about有“在周围”的意思,因此选A。3.判断推理题。由题干定位至句子: No, you shouldnt! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back!( 不，你不应该这样（说），你批评我的外貌 , 你在背后捅我一刀)”,由此可知B项 “因为埃雷女士本打算变得更多批评”正确。4.判断推理题。倒数第三段说到: Why do I tell you all this? Because youre the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because youre sympathetic and give them hope (为何我要告诉你所有这些？因为你是人们问题和秘密的倾诉对象，因为你富有同情心且让人充满希望),由此可知B项 “告诉她他的生活经历”正确。5.判断推理题。最后一段指出: But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. Youre like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, youll fly very high. Good night (但是经过一段吋间后，你将会和我更自然地相处的，自由地说笑。就如在笼子里的鸟。当你走出笼子后，你将飞得很高。晚安),由此看出D项“鼓励的”正确。12. 单选题The sense of smell controls our behavior in ways we may be aware of only on an intuitive subconscious level. Generally, it is often（1）and taken for granted. But as one research observed, “Of all the senses, none surely is so（2）as that of smell, its effects（3）the psychology are both wide and deep, at once（4）and subtle.”In Europe, and in France（5）, the ancient and arcane semi-science of aroma therapy is widely accepted as almost a（6）discipline. Not so in the United States, where the use of essential oils（7）from herbs, fruits, flowers or other plant life has been（8）mainly to cosmetics, massage oils and skincare emollients.Thats changing, thanks to a number of serious scientific studies coupled with a new technology that is exploding in Japan and is beginning to make significant inroads in the American market. Environmental fragrancing,（9）it is known, involves dispensing computer-controlled fragrances in the home or workplace at（10）times of the day for specific purposes to stimulate energy, to enhance creativity or to soothe frayed nerves.问题1选项A.overwhelmedB.overlookedC.overemphasizedD.overworked问题2选项A.trivialB.mysteriousC.secretD.delicate问题3选项A.uponB.withC.intoD.about问题4选项A.influentialB.vitalC.enormousD.obvious问题5选项A.in particularB.without exceptionC.in essenceD.beyond doubt问题6选项A.chemicalB.psychologicalC.medicalD.physical问题7选项A.extractedB.exploredC.extendedD.expanded问题8选项A.usedB.limitedC.madeD.charged问题9选项A.whatB.whichC.thatD.as问题10选项A.importantB.hardC.differentD.changeable【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:D第10题:C【解析】1.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式,与is表被动。overwhelm淹没，压倒，受打击；overlook 忽略，俯瞰，检查；overemphasize过分强调；overwork工作过度。空前句意为:我们可能只在直觉的潜意识层而所知晓,因此推测此处应表示 “被忽视”,故选B。2.形容词辨析。Trivial 不重要的，琐碎的，琐细的；mysterious 祌秘的，不可思议的；难解的；secret 秘密的，机密的；delicate 微妙的，精美的，易碎的。此处句意为:在所有感官中,嗅觉是最神秘的。3.固定搭配。effect upon 在方面的影响。4.形容词辨析。influential 有影响的，有势力的；vital至关重要的，生死攸关的，有活力的;enormous 庞大的，巨大的；obvious 明显的，显著的。此处句意为:它对心理学的影响既广泛又深刻，既又微妙。故D符合句意。5.短语辨析。in particular 尤其，特别;without exception 无例外地;in essence本质上，其实；beyond doubt 无容置疑，确实地。空格前“Europe欧洲”与“France法国”为包含关系,所以这里表示“在欧洲,尤其是法国”,故选A。6.形容词辨析。chemical 化学的；psychological 心理的，心理学的，精神上的;medical 医学的，药的，内科的；physical 物理的，身体的，物质的。此处句意为:香熏疗法在法国几乎被广泛地认为是一种学科,因此C符合句意。7.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。extract 提取，取出，摘录，榨取；explore 探索，探测，探险；extend 延仲，仲出；expand 扩张，使膨胀。此处句意为:精油是从草本、水果、花或其他植物中而来的。因此A符合句意。8.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。use使用，运用;limit 限制，限定;make 使得，制造，形成，安排，构成；charge使充电，指责，索费。空格前表示: 在美国却不是如此（即香熏疗法在美国不被认为是一种医学学科）,因此这里句意应为: 精油的使用主要限制于化妆品等。故选B。9.固定搭配。as it is known 众所周知。10.形容词辨析。important 重要的，有地位的；hard 努力的，坚硬的，困难的，辛苦的，严厉的，猛烈的；different 不同的，个别的，与众不同的;changeable 无常的，可改变的，易变的。空格前为:在家里或工作场所施与电脑控制的芳香剂，空格后为:去激发能量、提升创造力或安抚紧张的祌经,由此可知空格处应为“在白天的不同吋间”,故选C。13. 单选题The reason that his property was confiscated by the country, it（ ）, was that lie was involved in a lot of fraudulent activities during the war.问题1选项A.was turned outB.turned outC.being turned outD.was being turned out【答案】B【解析】句意:后来证明他的财产被国家没收的原因是，战争期间他参与了欺诈活动。语法题。分析句子可知应用一般过去时, 固定搭配turn out“结果（证明）是”用主动语态即可。14. 单选题Many functions available from modern software are quite（ ）and have a number of options.问题1选项A.flexibleB.sustainableC.accessibleD.applicable【答案】A【解析】句意:现代软件提供的许多功能非常灵活且有多种选择。考查形容词辨析。Flexible能适应新情况的,灵活的,可变动的,柔韧的;sustainable,足可支撑的, 养得起的,可持续的,;accessible ,易接近的,可进入的,可理解的,;applicable ,可适用的,可应用的。根据and后面的关键信息“have a number of options (有多种选择)”可知A符合句意。15. 单选题After the disaster, the truth（ ）us that a healthy habit of living can keep us away from some terrible diseases.问题1选项A.focused onB.imposed onC.dawned onD.leaned on【答案】C【解析】句意:在这场灾难后，我们渐渐明白一个事实:一个健康的生活习惯能让我们远离一些可怕的疾病。考查短语辨析。选项均为对应短语的过去式。focus on 集中注意力于，聚焦于；impose on 利用，欺骗，施加影响于； dawn on被理解，渐渐明白；lean on 依赖，靠在上。故选C。16. 单选题I told my friend Graham that I often cycle the two miles from my house to the town centre blit unfortunately there is a big hill on the route. He replied, “You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided.My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to (1) as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to lose (2) and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. Finally as I wind my way up the incline, I (3) myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationery exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for (4). I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill.Problems (5) be faced and overcome. We cannot achieve anything with an easy life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree. Her activism and writing proved inspirational. She wrote, “ (6) cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experiences of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.”One of the main (7) of success in life is our attitude towards adversity. From time to time, we all face hardships, problems, accidents, afflictions and difficulties. Some are of our (8) but many confront us through no fault of our own. While we cannot choose the adversity we can choose our attitude towards it.How can you change your attitude towards the adversity that you face? Try these steps: Confront the problem. Do not avoid it. Deliberately take a (9) attitude and write down some benefits or advantages of the situation. Visualize how you will feel when you overcome this obstacle. Develop an action plan for how to tackle it. Smile and get cracking.The biographies of great people are littered with examples of how they took these kinds of steps to overcome the difficulties they faced. The common thread is that they did not become defeatist or depressed. They chose their attitude. They (10) to be positive.They took on the challenge. They won.问题1选项A.grumbleB.fearC.give upD.stop问题2选项A.temperB.controlC.weightD.sight问题3选项A.provideB.converseC.dealD.console问题4选项A.goodB.freeC.everD.return问题5选项A.are there toB.which canC.will notD.we have问题6选项A.EducationB.InterestC.CharacterD.Friendship问题7选项A.causesB.determinantsC.symptomsD.components问题8选项A.makingB.doingC.takingD.thinking问题9选项A.specialB.strongC.negativeD.positive问题10选项A.seemedB.optedC.hadD.used【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B【解析】1.动词辨析。grumble 抱怨,嘟囔;fear 害怕,敬畏,为担心;give up 放弃,交出；stop 停止,逗留。此处句意为:我对这座山的态度现在改变了,过去我看到它总是。因此A符合句意。2.名词辨析。temper 脾气，(钢等)回火，性情，倾向；control 控制，管理；weight 重量，体重，负担;sight 视力，景象。And连接空格和get fit (变得健康),因此and前面很可能表示 “减肥,减掉体重”,故选C。3.动词辨析。provide 提供，供应；converse 交谈，谈话；deal处理，交易；console 安慰，慰藉。此处表示“想起这些愚蠢的人去健身房的做法来安慰自己”。故选C。4.短语辨析。For good 永久地，一劳永逸地; for free 免费；ever