2022年考博英语-河北工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第175期

2022年考博英语-河北工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The announcement will _ the rumors of a takeover that have plagued the company for the past 18 months.问题1选项A.appendB.scotchC.exhortD.exhale【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. append附加，贴上；盖章 B. scotch阻止，平息；终止C. exhort忠告；劝诫 D. exhale呼气；发出，发散【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据空格后的句子意思“过去18个月来困扰该公司的收购传言”，由情态动词will可知，The announcement will _表示的是“这一声明将消除”，B项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】这一声明将消除过去18个月来困扰该公司的收购传言。2. 单选题His remarks were so _ that we could not decide which of the possible meanings was correct.问题1选项A.facetiousB.ambiguousC.cogentD.impalpable【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. facetious乱引人发笑的 B. ambiguous模棱两可的，含混不清的C. cogent有说服力的 D. impalpable触摸不到的，感觉不着的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据后半句句意“我们无法断定那一种可能的意思是正确的”可知，His remarks were so _表示“他的话含糊其辞”符合前后句意。因此，该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】他的话含糊其辞，我们无法断定那一种可能的意思是正确的。3. 单选题The referee _ the goal, ruling that a players hand had touched the ball.问题1选项A.nullifiedB.accostedC.coheredD.detested【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. nullified使无效，作废；取消 B. accosted勾引，引诱；对说话C. cohered凝聚；连贯，一致 D. detested厌恶；憎恨【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据后面的句子“判定球员的手碰到了球”可知，The referee _ the goal表达的意思是“裁判认定这一个进球是无效的”，因此A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句子意思。【句意】裁判判定一名球员的手触到了球，认为该进球无效。4. 翻译题Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledgebut desperately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more frenzied, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believedand I believe even more strongly todayin the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.【答案】科学技术的进步使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲，物质最基本的组成部分，以及生命的奇迹。与此同时，今天，人类所做的事情及没能做到的事情，不仅危害地球上的生命，而且危害地球自身的生命。全球化使世界变得更小、更快、更富有。然而，9/11、禽流感和伊朗问题提醒我们，更小、更快的世界不一定是一个更安全的世界。我们正处在一个知识爆炸的世界之中，但却迫切需要智慧。如今，在（新闻采访的）原声摘要播出变得愈来愈短，即时信息排挤了散杂文，个人生活变得更加疯狂，这个世界需要的正是具有深刻反思能力的大学毕业生。基于所有这些原因，我相信，而且今天我更加坚信大学的独特和不可替代的使命。5. 单选题Pundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizing. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economics plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had something in common.In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story.) In each case investors mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans all tried to pull their money out at the same lime. The result was a combined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panicked investors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to convert baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and companies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support their currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bust from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries split the difference and paid a heavy price regardless.Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most clichs, the catchphrase “crony capitalism” has prospered because it gets at something real: excessively cozy relationships between government and business really did lead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asian business also made the economics peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence. But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investments that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainly on the fight track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia seemed to be going wrong: now there is a race to claim credit when some things have started to go right. The international Monetary Fund points to Koreas recoveryand more generally to the fact that the sky didnt fall after allas proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF clients have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia, which refused IMF help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls, also scents to be on the mend. Malaysias prime Minister, by contrast claims full credit for any good newseven though neighboring economies also seem to have bottomed out.The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably conclude that none of the policies adopted cither on or in defiance of the IMFs advice made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, ban king reform, whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no mere money to run, the natural recuperative powers of the economics finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who purported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were like medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.Will the patients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you mean by “full”. South Koreas industrial production is already above its pre-crisis level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korea n industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsayer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the regions performance back to something like what people used to regard us the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writers opinion?2. The writer thinks that those Asian countries _.3. It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations _.4. All of the following terms might refer to the same group of people EXCEPT _.5. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full recovery of the Asian economy is _.问题1选项A.Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.B.Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.C.Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.D.Most governments chose one of the two options.问题2选项A.well-deserved the punishmentB.invested in a senseless way at the timeC.were unduly punished in the crisisD.had bad relationships between government and business问题3选项A.were far from a panacea in all casesB.were feasible in their recipient countriesC.failed to work in their recipient countriesD.were rejected unanimously by Asian countries问题4选项A.IMF advisorsB.money doctorsC.economic punditsD.medieval physicians问题5选项A.dueB.remoteC.imaginativeD.unpredictable【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writers opinion? 1. 根据文章，下列哪个选项不是作者的观点？A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken. A. 无论采取何种措施，各国都付出了沉重代价。B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma. B. 各国都发现自己陷入了经济困境。C. Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis. C. 外国资本的撤出导致了危机。D. Most governments chose one of the two options. D. 大多数政府选择了这两种选择之一。【答案】D【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段第四句“面对恐慌，各国政府没有好的选择（governments had no good options）”可知，政府并没有好的选择，D项“大多数政府选择了这两种选择之一”表述与原文不符合，但符合题干。因此，该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项“无论采取何种措施，各国都付出了沉重代价”和B项“各国都发现自己陷入了经济困境”，根据第二段最后一句“在实践中，各国都做了妥协，并为此付出了沉重的代价（countries split the difference and paid a heavy price regardless）”可知，无论政府采取什么措施，它们都要付出沉重的代价，而这个代价就是货币危机，所以这两项符合原文，属于反向干扰；C项“外国资本的撤出导致了危机”定位至第二段第二三句“在每一个案例中，提供短期贷款的外国银行都试图在同一时间将资金撤出。其结果是银行业和货币危机并存”可知，该项符合原文，也属于反向干扰。2.【选项释义】2. The writer thinks that those Asian countries _. 2. 作者认为这些亚洲国家_。A. well-deserved the punishment A. 罪有应得B. invested in a senseless way at the time B. 当时的投资方式是毫无意义的C. were unduly punished in the crisis C. 在危机中受到了过度的惩罚D. had bad relationships between government and business D. 政商关系不好【答案】C【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段最后两句“亚洲企业仍然原始的金融结构，也使经济在信心丧失时特别脆弱。但惩罚显然与罪行不成比例（disproportionate），许多事后看起来愚蠢的投资在当时似乎是明智的。”可知，作者认为亚洲国家在危机中受到的惩罚过度了。因此，该题选择C项“在危机中受到了过度的惩罚”。【干扰项排除】A项“罪有应得”由解题思路可知，该项属于曲解原文；B项“当时的投资方式是毫无意义的”从解题思路可知，看来愚蠢的投资在当时其实是明智的，所以当时的投资方式是有意义的，该项属于反向干扰；D项“政商关系不好”，根据第三段第二句中的“政府和企业之间过度亲密的关系确实导致了大量糟糕的投资”可知，政商关系很亲密，该项属于反向干扰。3.【选项释义】3. It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations _. 3. 从文章中可以推断，国际货币基金组织的政策建议_。A. were far from a panacea in all cases A. 不是万灵药B. were feasible in their recipient countries B. 在受援国是可行的C. failed to work in their recipient countries C. 在受援国并没有奏效D. were rejected unanimously by Asian countries D. 被亚洲国家一致否决【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第四段第二三句“国际货币基金组织指出，韩国的经济复苏更广泛地说，天空终究没有塌下来证明其政策建议是正确的。尽管IMF其他客户的表现要差得多，拒绝了国际货币基金组织援助的马来西亚也通过实施资本管制震惊了相当大的舆论，马来西亚的经济也在好转。”可知，从韩国的经济复苏可以看出国际货币基金组织的政策建议还是可行的，但是IMF其他客户的表现要差得多，马来西亚拒绝了国际货币基金组织的政策建议，经济也在好转，说明国际货币基金组织的政策建议并不是在所有情况下都可行，这与A项“不是万灵药”表述相符。【干扰项排除】B项“在受援国是可行的”和C项“被亚洲国家一致否决”根据解题思路可知，这两项表述太片面，属于以偏概全；D项“被亚洲国家一致否决”由解题思路可知，虽然马来西亚拒绝了国际货币基金组织的政策建议，但是韩国是接受了国际货币基金组织的政策建议，所以该项与原文不符，属于曲解原文。4.【选项释义】4. All of the following terms might refer to the same group of people EXCEPT _. 4. 除了_，其他选项都属于同一范畴。A. IMF advisors A. 国际货币基金组织的顾问B. money doctors B. 金钱医生C. economic pundits C. 经济专家D. medieval physicians D. 中世纪的医生【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第五段最后一句“最好的情况是，声称提供治疗的金钱医生提供了一种有益的床边态度；在最坏的情况下，他们就像中世纪的医生一样，把出血作为治疗所有疾病的良方。”可知，原文中只是把“金钱医生”的职责比喻为“中世纪的医生”；而根据该段第二句提到“预算政策，利率政策，禁止国王改革，无论国家做了什么，几乎所有可以逃离的资本都做了”可推测，“金钱医生”指的是经济方面的管理，只有D项“中世纪的医生”不属于经济方面的范畴。因此，该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项“国际货币基金组织的顾问”、B项“金钱医生”和C项“经济专家”都同属于经济范畴，属于反向干扰。5.【选项释义】5. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full recovery of the Asian economy is _. 5. 在文章的最后，作者似乎认为亚洲经济的全面复苏是_。A. due A. 已经到来B. remote B. 遥远的C. imaginative C. 富有想象力的D. unpredictable D. 不可预测的【答案】B【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】原文最后一段第一句提出问句“亚洲金融危机是否会全面恢复？”接着分析了各国的经济现状，随后提到“因此，如果你所说的复苏不仅仅是指恢复增长，而是指使该地区的表现恢复到人们过去认为我们是亚洲标准的水平，那么他们还有很长的路要走”，可知，作者认为亚洲经济的完全复苏还有很长一段路要走，所以B选项“遥远的”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A项“已经到来”、C项“富有想象力的”和D项“不可预测的”根据解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。6. 翻译题雨落无声，记忆搁浅。用心触摸着那丝丝微雨的柔美，透过时空的壁垒，苍老的故地，深沉的脚印，朦胧的身影，和那被岁月侵蚀的满怀柔情，在脑海里徘徊得太过杂乱无章，每当想要细细品味时，却不知从何道来。于是只能介乎在半梦半醒之间，任沧桑褪尽昔日芳华，孑然一身，谱写出风花雪月的篇章。人生若只如初见，那冥冥中注定的惊鸿一瞥，定格一瞬间，却又转瞬即逝，带走了无限的想象和无尽的回忆。【答案】Rain falls silently, and memory is stranded. The softness of the gentle rain is touched by the heart through the barriers of time and space, the old hometown, the deep footprints, the hazy figure, and the tender feelings that have been eroded by the years. Wandering in the messy mind, whenever I want to ponder it, I do not know where I should start. Then I can only let the youth fade with vicissitudes of life between dreams and awakenings. With being all alone in the world, I write a romantic theme. If life is only as it was at the first sight, the destined glance becomes a frozen moment, and then it passes away in a flash, taking away the infinite imagination and endless memories.7. 单选题The foremost concern of the American young people in 1960s A was with B training and finding a job that could support C them in those under D times.问题1选项A.wasB.trainingC.themD.times【答案】D【解析】【答案】D【考查点】名词的用法。【解题思路】按照句意，in those under times应表示“在这个时期”，但time如果表示“时间，时期”时为不可数名词，不能使用复数，因此这里应当将times改为time。【句意】二十世纪六十年代，美国年轻人最关心的是培训和找到一份工作，以支持他们那个时期的生活。8. 单选题The meter needs to be carefully _ before any measurements are made.问题1选项A.derogatedB.forebodedC.tampedD.calibrated【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. derogated减损，贬损；诽谤 B. foreboded预示，预感，预兆C. tamped夯实；砸实；填塞 D. calibrated校准；使标准化【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息before any measurements are made（在进行任何测量之前）和关键词meter（计量表）可知，在进行测量之前，测量表要仔细的校准。因此，该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】在进行任何测量之前，仪表需要仔细校准。9. 翻译题Everyone wishes to build up a charismatic and charming personality, but it is by no means an easy job. First of all, he ought to know one of the greatest truths that life is difficult, for once he truly understands and accepts the truth, then life is no longer difficult. Why? Once he accepts the fact that life is difficult, he no longer moans about, complains of and fears his problems, burdens and difficulties in life. Secondly, he ought to pay sufficient heed to self-discipline, for self-discipline is the basic set of tools to solve lifes problems, which includes a strong sense of responsibility, dedication to reality, openness to challenge, balancing, etc. Thirdly, he ought to cherish love. He knows that self-love and love of others go hand in hand. He is willing to go beyond the confines of self-love to embrace love of others. Fourthly, he ought to understand that the essence of life is change. So he does not try his utmost to avoid change or stay comfortable with the sameness. Fifthly, he ought to attach much value to honour. The winning of honour will reveal a mans virtue and worth. To win honour, he will improve and perfect himself and score remarkable achievements.【答案】每个人都希望建立有魅力、迷人的人格，但这不是一件容易的事。首先，他需要明白一个伟大的真理：生活是困难的。因为一旦他真正理解并且接受这个真理，就会意识到生活不再困难。为什么？一旦他接受了生活困难这一事实，对于生活中的问题、负担和困难，他都不再发牢骚和抱怨，也不再害怕。其次，他应该充分重视自我修养，因为自我修养是解决生活问题的基本工具，包括强烈的责任感、致力于现实、敢于挑战、平衡制约等。第三，他要有爱。他需要知道自爱和爱别人是密不可分的，愿意超越自爱的局限去接纳他人的爱。第四，他要懂得生命的本质是变化。所以他不会尽全力去避免改变，也不会舒适的待在一成不变的环境里。第五，他应该重视荣誉。获得荣誉能体现一个人的美德和价值。为了赢得荣誉，他将会提高和完善自己，获得显著成就。10. 单选题Richard, King of England from 1189 to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould, is one of the most fascinating medieval figures. He has been described as the creature and embodiment of the age of chivalry. In those days the lion was much admired in heraldry, and more than one king sought to link himself with its repute. When Richards contemporaries called him “Coeur de Lion” (The Lion heart), they paid a lasting compliment to the king of beasts. Little did the English people owe him for his services, and heavily did they pay for his adventures. He was in England only twice for a few short months in his ten years reign; yet his memory has always English hearts, and seems to present throughout the centuries the pattern of the fighting man. In all deeds of prowess as well as in large schemes of war Richard shone. He was tall and delicately shaped strong in nerve and sinew, and most dexterous in arms. He rejoiced in personal combat, and regarded his opponents without malice as necessary agents in his fame He loved war, not so much for the sake of glory or political ends, but as other men love science or poetry, for the excitement of the struggle and the glow of victory. By this his whole temperament was toned; and united with the highest qualities of the military commander, love of war called forth all the powers of his mind and body.Although a man of blood and violence, Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous or habitually cruel. He was as ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was open-handed and munificent to profusion; in war circumspect in design and skillful in execution; in political a child, lacking in subtlety and experience. His political alliances were formed upon his likes and dislikes; his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose. The advantages gained for him by military geoids were flung away through diplomatic ineptitude. When, on the journey to the East, Messina in Sicily was won by his arms he was easily persuaded to share with his polished, faithless ally, Philip Augustus, fruits of a victory which more wisely used might have foiled the French Kings artful schemes. The rich and tenable acquisition of Cyprus was cast away even more easily than it was won. His life was one magnificent parade, which, when ended, left only an empty plain.In 1199, when the difficulties of raising revenue for the endless war were at their height, good news was brought to King Richard. It was said there had been dug up near the castle of Chaluz, on the lands of one of his French vassals, a treasure of wonderful quality; a group of golden images of an emperor, his wife, sons and daughters, seated round a table, also of gold, had been unearthed. The King claimed this treasure as lord paramount. The lord of Chaluz resisted the demand, and the King laid siege to his small, weak castle. On the third day, as he rode daringly, near the wall, confident in his hard-tried luck, a bolt from a crossbow struck him in the left shoulder by the neck. The wound, already deep, was aggravated by the necessary cutting out of the arrow-head. Gangrene set in, and Coeur de Lion knew that he must pay a soldiers debt. He prepared for death with fortitude and calm, and in accordance with the principles he had followed. He arranged his affairs, he divided his personal belongings among his friends or bequeathed them to charity. He declared John to be his heir, and made all present swear fealty to him. He ordered the archer who had shot the fatal bolt, and who was now a prisoner, to be brought before him. He pardoned him, and made him a gift of money. For seven years he had not confessed for fear of being compelled to be reconciled to Philip, but now he received the offices of the Church with sincere and exemplary piety, and died in the forty-second year of his age on April 6, 1199, worthy, by the consent of all men, to sit with King Arthur and Roland and other heroes of martial romance at some Eternal round Table, which we trust the Creator of the Universe in His comprehension will not have forgotten to provide. The archer was flayed alive.30. “Little did the English people own him for his service” (paragraph One) means that the English _.31. To say that his life was a “magnificent parade” (paragraph Two) implies that it was to some extent _.32. Richards behavior as death approached showed _.33. The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard was _.34. Which of the following phrase best describes Richard as seen by the author?35. The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is that _.问题1选项A.paid few taxes to himB.gave him little respectC.received little protection from himD.had no real cause to feel grateful to him问题2选项A.spent chiefly at warB.impressive and admirableC.lived too pompouslyD.an empty show问题3选项A.bravery and self-controlB.wisdom and correctnessC.devotion and romanceD.chivalry and charity问题4选项A.cheated by his own successorsB.determined to take revenge on his enemiesC.more generous to his enemies than his successorsD.unable to influence the behavior of his successors问题5选项A.An aggressive king, too fond of war.B.A brave king with minor faults.C.A competent but cunning soldier.D.A kind with great political skills.问题6选项A.each presents one side of the pictureB.the first generalizes the second gives examplesC.the second is the logical result of the firstD.both present Richards virtues and faults【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】1. “Little did