2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试题库及模拟押密卷86（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题On her graduation from college, Helen was married to a clergyman, the priest of a neighboring（ ）.问题1选项A.divisionB.districtC.parishD.region【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项division“除法，部门，分配”；B选项district“ 区域，地方，行政区（尤指官方指定范围的区域）”；C选项parish“教区”；D选项region“地区，范围，部位（只指比较大的一片区域）”。句意：大学毕业后，海伦嫁给了邻近（ ）的一位牧师。根据后面的“牧师”一词，可以得出她应该是嫁给了临近教区的一位牧师，因此C选项符合题意。2. 写作题Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled Pros Cons of Buying a Car in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines.有人赞成买私家车有人反对买私家车我的看法【答案】略3. 单选题With all its advantages, the computer is by no means without its（ ）.问题1选项A.boundariesB.restraintsC.confinementsD.limitations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项boundaries“边界，界限”；B选项restraints“限制，禁止”；C选项confinements“监禁”；D选项limitations“局限性，（限制）因素”。句意：尽管计算机有许多优点，但它决不是没有（ ）。通过题干可以看出这里表达的意思是“计算机虽然优点很多，但是也会有局限性”，因此D选项符合题意。4. 单选题Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.问题1选项A.intriguingB.exasperatingC.demonstrativeD.unprovoked【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“有趣的，迷人的”；B选项“使人恼怒的，惹人生气的”；C选项“指示的，证明的”；D选项“无缘无故的，未受挑衅的”；题干中wanton“无节制的，荒唐的”，句意：尽管他们的生活方式是斯巴达式的、孤立的，但在该地区没有妇女被强奸或对平民恣意暴力的故事。根据题干原意可知，D选项与原文意思最接近，符合题意。5. 单选题Parents often faced the（ ）between doing what they felt was good for the development, of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.问题1选项A.junctionB.paradoxC.premiseD.dilemma【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项junction“连接，接合，枢纽”；B选项paradox“自相矛盾的说法”；C选项premise“前提”；D选项dilemma“进退两难的局面”。句意：父母总是_的选择：到底是该做他们自己认为对孩子发展有益的事，还是该容忍孩子任性的吵闹和破坏。这里表达的意思是父母面临两难的抉择，因此D选项符合题意。6. 单选题It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the（ ） of their cities.问题1选项A.paradisesB.omissionsC.orchardsD.outskirts【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradises“天堂，至福境地”；B选项omissions“疏忽，遗漏”；C选项orchards“果园，果树林”；D选项outskirts“郊区，市郊”。句意：这一切都始于1950年，那时人们开始在他们城市的（ ）盖房子。本句表示“在城市的郊区盖房子”，因此D选项符合题意。7. 翻译题现在西方国家的有志之士都认识到，不同文明之间应学会共存，而不应因文化上的不同而走向冲突以致战争。他们认为，不同民族和国家可以通过文化交往与对话取得某种“共识”，也即有一个从“不同”到某种意义上相互“认同”的过程。这种相互“认同”是在两种不同文化中寻找交汇点，并在此基础上推动双方文化的发展，这正是“和”在不同文化中所起的作用。【答案】Aspirants in Western countries have realized that peaceful coexistence among all civilizations should be upheld, while conflicts or even wars caused by cultural diversities should be avoided. They think different nations and countries can reach an agreement by cultural communication and interaction, which represents a process from “difference” to “agreement”. Reaching an agreement is the process of searching for the common point in different culture and it is the coexistence that promotes the development of different culture.8. 单选题What, can rigid, cold calculating mathematics possibly have in common with subtle, creative, lofty, imaginative art? This question faithfully mirrors the state of mind of most people, even of most educated people, when they regard the numbers and symbols that populate the world of mathematics. But the great leaders of mathematics thought have frequently and repeatedly asserted that the object of their pursuit is just as much an art as it is a science, and perhaps even a fine art. Maxime Bocher, and eminent mathematician living at the beginning of this century, wrote: “I like to look at mathematics almost more as an art than as a science; for the activity of the mathematician, constantly creating as he is, guided although not controlled by the external world of the senses, bears a resemblance, not fanciful, I believe, but real, to the activities of the artistof a painter, let us say. Rigorous deductive reasoning on the part of the mathematician may be likened here to the technical skill in drawing on the part of the painter. Just as one cannot become a painter without a certain amount of skill, so no one can become a mathematician without the power to reason accurately up to a certain point. ” Yet these qualities, fundamental though they are, do not make a painter or a mathematician worthy of the name, nor indeed are they the most important factors in the case. Other qualities of a far more subtle sort, chief among which in both cases is imagination, go into the making of a good artist or a good mathematician.If mathematics wants to lay claim to being an art, however, it most show that it possesses and makes use of at least some of the elements that go to make up the things of beauty. Is not imagination, creative imagination, the most essential elements of an art? Let us take a geometric object, such as the circle. To the ordinary man, this is the rim of a wheel, perhaps with spokes in it. Elementary geometry has crowded this simple figure with radii, chords, sectors, tangents, diameters, inscribed and circumscribed polygons, and so on.Here you have already an entire geometrical world created from a very rudimentary beginning. These and other miracles are undeniable proof of the creative power of the mathematician; and, as if this were not enough, the mathematician allows the whole circle to “vanish”, declares it to be imaginary, then keeps on toying with his new creation in much the same way and with much the same gusto as he did with the innocent little thing you allowed him to start out with. And all this, remember please, is just elementary plane geometry. Truly, the creative imagination displayed by the mathematician has nowhere been exceeded, not even paralleled, and, I would make bold to say, now even closely approached anywhere else, n many ways mathematics exhibits the same elements of beauty that are generally acknowledged to be the essence of poetry. First let us consider a minor point: the poet arranges his writings on the page in verses. His poem first appeals to the eye before it reaches the ear or the mind; and similarly, the mathematician lines up his formulas and equations so that their form may make an aesthetic impression. Some mathematicians are given to this love of arranging and exhibiting their equations to a degree that borders on a fault. Trigonometry, a branch of elementary mathematics particularly rich in formulas, offers some curious groups of them, curious in their symmetry and their arrangement.The superiority of poetry over other forms of verbal expression lies first in the symbolism used in poetry, and secondly in its extreme condensation and economy of words. Take a poem of universally acknowledged merit, say, Shelleys poem “To Night”. Here is the second stanza: Wrap thy form in a mantle gray, star-inwrought! Blind with thine hair the eyes of Day; Kiss her until she be wearied out; Then wander oer city, and sea, and land. Touching all with thine opiate wandCome, long-sought!Taken literally, all this is, of course, sheer nonsense and nothing else. Night has no hair, night does not wear any clothes, and night is not an illicit peddler of narcotics. But is there anybody balmy enough to take the words of the poet literally? The words here are only comparisons, only symbols. For the sake of condensation the poet doesnt bother stating that his symbols mean such and such, but goes on to treat them as if they were realities.The mathematician does these things precisely as the poet does. Take numbers for example, the very idea of which is an abstraction, or symbol. When you write the figure 3, you have created a symbol for a symbol, and when you say in algebra that is a number, you have condensed all the symbols for all the numbers into one all-embracing symbol. These, like other mathematical symbols, and like the poets symbols, are a condensed, concentrated way of stating a long and rather complicated chain of simple geometrical, algebraic, or numerical relations. Now, is mathematics an art?1.The similarity between the activities of mathematicians and those of artists is（ ）.2.In Maxime Bochers opinion, what is the fundamental element that makes a good artist or mathematician?3.In what way do mathematicians exhibit the same elements of beauty as poet?4.Poetry is superior to other forms of expression for its（ ）.5.Just like poets, mathematicians may（ ）.问题1选项A.both are controlled by the external worldB.both remember the senses of the worldC.both are not fanciful but realD.both involve constant creating问题2选项A.Numerical skills.B.Imagination.C.Creation.D.Sense of beauty.问题3选项A.Mathematicians would like to spare no effort to make their proofs elegant.B.Mathematicians love to arrange their formulas and equations so that they take a beautiful form.C.Mathematicians seldom arrange their formulas and equations in symmetry.D.Mathematicians like to arrange their formulas in verses.问题4选项A.unusual dictionB.imaginative expressionC.symbolism, condensation and economy of wordsD.condensation and imaginative diction问题5选项A.use symbols for the sake of condensation and concentrationB.use symbols for the sake of comparisonC.use poems as a kind of symbolsD.use numbers to signify beauty【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段for the activity of the mathematician, constantly creating as he is, guided although not controlled by the external world of the senses, bears a resemblance, not fanciful, I believe, but real, to the activities of the artistof a painter, let us say.（因为数学家的活动，不断地创造，尽管不受感官的外部世界的控制，但与艺术家的活动，比如说画家的活动，有着相似之处，我相信不是空想，而是真实的。）因此D选项“两者都涉及不断创造”正确。A选项“两者都受外部世界的控制”；B选项“两者都记得世界的感觉”；C选项“两者都不是幻想，而是真实的”，这三项都是文章中未体现的。2.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段最后一句Other qualities of a far more subtle sort, chief among which in both cases is imagination, go into the making of a good artist or a good mathematician.（一个好的艺术家或好的数学家还具有其他更微妙的品质，其中最主要的是想象力。）因此B选项“想象力”正确。A选项“数值技巧”；C选项“创造”；D选项“审美”都不是文章所说明的。3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段His poem first appeals to the eye before it reaches the ear or the mind; and similarly, the mathematician lines up his formulas and equations so that their form may make an aesthetic impression.（他的诗在到达耳朵或心灵之前首先吸引了人们的目光；同样地，数学家把他的公式和方程式排列起来，以便它们的形式能给人留下美感。）因此B选项“数学家们喜欢把他们的公式和方程式排列得很漂亮”正确。A选项“数学家们愿意不遗余力地使他们的证明优雅”；C选项“数学家很少用对称的方式排列他们的公式和方程”；D选项“数学家喜欢用诗句来排列他们的公式”，都不是文章中给出的信息。4.事实细节题。根据题干信息位到倒数第三段The superiority of poetry over other forms of verbal expression lies first in the symbolism used in poetry, and secondly in its extreme condensation and economy of words.（诗歌相对于其他语言表达形式的优越性首先在于诗歌中使用的象征手法，其次在于其词的极端浓缩和简洁。）因此C选项“词语的象征、浓缩和简洁”正确。A选项“不寻常的措辞”；B选项“富有想象力的表达”；D选项“缩合和想象的措辞”，不符合文意。5.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段These, like other mathematical symbols, and like the poets symbols, are a condensed, concentrated way of stating a long and rather complicated chain of simple geometrical, algebraic, or numerical relations.（这些符号，像其他的数学符号，也像诗人的符号一样，是一种浓缩的方式，用来表述由简单的几何、代数或数字关系构成的长而复杂的链条。）因此A选项“使用符号是为了浓缩和集中”正确。B选项“使用符号是为了比较”，不正确；C选项“把诗歌作为一种象征”不符合文章；D选项“用数字来表示美”，文章是说将数字变成符号，而不是表示美。9. 单选题Im pleased to hear of your job offer-all that hard work at school has obviously（ ）.问题1选项A.paid offB.taken its tollC.made a differenceD.shown up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项paid off“付清，见成效”；B选项taken its toll“造成损失”；C选项made a difference“有影响，有关系，起作用”；D选项shown up“露面，露出”。句意：我很高兴听到你有工作机会很明显，你在学校的努力工作（ ）。而这里表达的意思是“在学校的努力起了作用”，因此A选项符合题意。10. 单选题The tutor tells the undergraduate that one can acquire（ ）in a foreign language through more practice.问题1选项A.proficiencyB.efficiencyC.efficacyD.frequency【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项proficiency“精通，熟练”；B选项efficiency“效率，效能，功效”；C选项efficacy“功效，效力”；D选项frequency“频率，频繁”。句意：导师告诉本科生，通过多练习，可以_一门外语。这里表达的意思是“熟练地掌握一门外语”，因此A选项符合题意。11. 单选题He told a story about his sister who was in a sad（ ） when she was ill and had no money.问题1选项A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项plight“困境，境况”；B选项polarization“极化，偏振”；C选项plague“瘟疫，鼠疫”；D选项pigment“色素，颜料”。句意：他讲了一个关于他妹妹的故事，她生病了，没有钱，（ ）非常悲惨。本句意为“妹妹的处境非常悲惨”，因此A选项符合题意。12. 单选题Peering through the darkness, the traveler could（ ）lights in the distance and then he doubled his pace.问题1选项A.perceiveB.discernC.recognizeD.visualize【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项perceive“理解，认知，感觉”；B选项discern“隐约可见，觉察出，识别”；C选项recognize“认出，识别”；D选项visualize“形象，形象化”。句意：透过黑暗，旅行者可以（ ）远处有灯光，于是他加快了脚步。这里因为是透过黑暗，所以应该是“隐约可见灯光”，因此B选项符合题意。13. 单选题The long-term fortunes of the modern economy depend in part on the strength and sustainability of the family, both in relation to fertility trends and to marriage trends. This basic, but often overlooked, principle is now at work in the current global economic crisis.The decline of marriage and fertility is one factor in the global economic crisis. That is, one reason that some of the, worlds leading economiesfrom Japan to Italy to Spain to the Euro zone as a wholeare facing fiscal challenges is that their fertility rates have been below replacement levels (2.1 children per woman) for decades. Persistent sub-replacement fertility eventually translates into fewer workers relative to retirees, which puts tremendous strains on public offers and the economy as a whole. Indeed, one recent study finds that almost half the recent run-up in public debt in the West can be attributed to rapid aging over the last decades.Even China may see its sky-high growth “come down to earth in the next few decades as its work force shrinks” because of its one-child policy, as Carlos Cavalle and I argues in a recent reportThe Sustainable Demographic Dividend. By contrast, a recent Rand study suggests that India will have more favorable demographics than China over the next few decades, insofar as its work force is poised to grow. In fact, the Rand study suggests that India may be able to use this demographic advantage to outpace Chinas economic growth rates by the end of the century. Finally, its not just fertility that matters, its also marriage. At least in the west, children are more likely to acquire the human and social capital they need to thrive in the modern economy when they are raised in an intact, married family. In the U.S., for instance, children are more likely to graduate from high school, complete college and be gainfully employed as young adults if they were raised in an intact, married family.And around the globe, men are more likely to give their work their fullest effort and attention when they are married; this is one reason men worldwide enjoy “marriage premium” in their income, ranging from about 14 percent (Mexico) to 19 percent (United States) to 35 percent (Russia). So, at least when it comes to men research suggests that marriage has important implications for worker productivity.The bottom-line message is that what happens in the home does not stay at home rather, the size of families, and their stability and quality, has important implication for the health of the global economy.1.The main idea of this passage is that（ ）.2.One reason that the worlds leading economies are facing fiscal challenges is that（ ）.3.“.its work force is poised to grow” (Para. 3) probably means（ ）.4.From the passage we know that（ ）.5.According to the passage, all the following can affect economy EXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.暂缺B.both marriage and fertility affect a countrys economyC.marriage has important implications for worker productivityD.India will outpace Chinas economic growth rate by the end of the century问题2选项A.there is a global economic crisis in recent yearsB.there are fewer babies, and consequently, people spend less on many commoditiesC.people in these countries have fewer children than needed to replace the population for many yearsD.there are tremendous strains on public coffers and the economy as a whole问题3选项A.its work force pauses to growB.its work force continues to grow fastC.its work force continues to grow steadilyD.its work force grows slowly问题4选项A.children from an intact, married family are more likely to have a better lifeB.the more people a country has, the stronger economy it will haveC.the health of the global economy depends entirely on individual familiesD.men are likely to work harder when they are going to have children问题5选项A.the size of familiesB.the stability of familiesC.the quality of familiesD.men and women ratio within the families【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。在第二段的第一句话The decline of marriage and fertility is one factor in the global economic crisis.（婚姻和生育率的下降是全球经济危机的一个因素。）之后的段落也是就这一点进行了具体阐释，因此B选项“婚姻和生育都会影响一个国家的经济”正确。C选项“婚姻对工人的生产力有重要的影响”，与原文不符；D选项“到本世纪末，印度的经济增长率将超过中国”，在原文的第三段In fact, the Rand study suggests that India may be able to use this demographic advantage to outpace Chinas economic growth rates by the end of the century. （事实上，兰德公司的研究表明，到本世纪末，印度可能会利用这一人口优势超过中国的经济增长速度。）确实有提到，但是并不是文章的主旨。2.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段That is, one reason that some of the, worlds leading economiesfrom Japan to Italy to Spain to the Euro zone as a wholeare facing fiscal challenges is that their fertility rates have been below replacement levels (2.1 children per woman) for decades. （世界主要经济体从日本到意大利，西班牙对欧元区作为一个整体所面临的财政挑战的是，他们的生育率已经低于人口更替水平（平均每个妇女生育2.1个孩子）几十年了。）因此C选项“这些国家的人生育的孩子比替换人口所需的要少的事情持续了多年”正确。A选项“近年来，全球出现了经济危机”，文章没有说这是原因之一；B选项“婴儿越来越少，因此，人们在许多商品上花的钱越来越少”，文章没有提出这个观点；D选项“国库和整个经济都承受着巨大的压力”这也不是财政面临问题的原因。3.语义推测题。首先定位到句子后面说By contrast, a recent Rand study suggests that India will have more favorable demographics than China over the next few decades, insofar as its work force is poised to grow.（相比之下，兰德公司（Rand）最近的一项研究表明，在未来几十年里，印度的人口结构将比中国更有利，因为它的劳动力将继续增长。）根据句子说印度的人口结构更加有利，可以知道他们的劳动力将会继续稳步上升，因此C选项“劳动力持续稳定增长”正确。A选项“它的劳动力暂停增长”不合题意；B选项“它的劳动力继续快速增长”快速是没有提到的；D选项“它的劳动力增长缓慢”与原文不符。4.判断推理题。定位到倒数第三段In the U.S., for instance, children are more likely to graduate from high school, complete college and be gainfully employed as young adults if they were raised in an intact, married family.（例如，在美国，如果孩子在一个完整的已婚家庭中长大，他们更有可能从高中毕业，完成大学学业，并在年轻时获得有收入的工作。）因此A选项“来自完整的已婚家庭的孩子更有可能拥有更好的生活”正确。B选项“一个国家的人口越多，它的经济就会越强”，不符合题意，是要人口结构更好，才会经济发展更快；C选项“全球经济的健康完全取决于单个家庭”，绝对化表达，并且不符合题意；D选项“男人在要孩子的时候可能会更努力工作”，与原文不符，原文是说的“婚后”，并不是“要孩子的时候”。5.判断推理题。根据题干和选项定位到最后一段The bottom-line message is that what happens in the home does not stay at home rather, the size of families, and their stability and quality, has important implication for the health of the global economy.（最重要的信息是，家庭的规模、家庭的稳定性和质量对全球经济的健康有着重要的影响。）因此只有D选项“家庭中的男女比例”是没有提及的。A选项“家庭的规模”；B选项“家庭的稳定性”；C选项“家庭的质量”都是原文提到了的。14. 单选题Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight.问题1选项A.mercurialB.gallantC.ardentD.frugal【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“水银的，多变的”；B选项“英勇的，勇敢的”；C选项“热情的，热心的”；D选项“节俭的，朴素的”；题干中avid“渴望的，热心的”，句意：虽然有时她太懒，不像她的姐妹们那样努力工作，但她更渴望引人注目。因此C选项符合题意。15. 单选题Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical（ ）.问题1选项A.obligationsB.regulationsC.observationsD.considerations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项obligations“义务，债务”；B选项regulations“条例，规程”；C选项observations“观察，观察值”；D选项considerations“考虑，注意事项”。句意：虽然建筑具有艺术性，但它也必须满足一些重要的实际_。本句表达的意思是，虽然具有艺术性，但是还是要满足一些重要的实际注意事项。因此D选项符合题意。16. 单选题If this kind of fish becomes（ ）, future generations may never taste it at all.问题1选项A.minimumB.shortC.seldomD.scarce【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项minimum“最小化（一般指数据之类的）”，B选项short“短的；短小的”，C选项seldom“很少；不常（一般指频率）”，D选项scarce“稀少的，稀缺的”；原句意思是说如果这种鱼变得稀缺，其余选项代入均不符合题意，因此D选项符合题意。句意为：如果这种鱼变得稀缺，未来的几代人可能再也吃不到它了。17. 单选题I was supposed to go to a concert with your sister the other night, but your sister didnt turn up. I cant believe I have been（ ）.问题1选项A.given upB.stood upC.left upD.ta