2022年考博英语-厦门大学考试题库及模拟押密卷52（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-厦门大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题They are experimenting with phytotherapy, or plant and herb-based_, to ameliorate hot flashes, sleeplessness, and more.问题1选项A.remediesB.renovatesC.embellishesD.modifies【答案】A【解析】remedy补救,治疗法; renovate革新, 修复; embellish修饰; modify修改。句意：他们正在试验“植物疗法”, 即以植物和草药为基础的疗法, 用来缓解潮热、失眠等症状。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题Many agents quit and say they are leaving because they are_and want better pay and more humane working conditions,including less travel.问题1选项A.reverted toB.backed upC.fed upD.thrust in【答案】D【解析】revert to回复, 归还; back up支持, 倒退; feed up供给食物; thrust in闯入；不恰当地插入。句意：许多经纪人辞职后表示，他们之所以离开，是因为他们受到干涉，并且想要更高的报酬和更加人性化的工作环境，包括减少出差旅行。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题The British historian Niall Ferguson speculated that the end of American_might not fuel an orderly shift to a multipolar system.问题1选项A.domainB.hegemonyC.sovereigntyD.preference【答案】B【解析】domain领地,领域; hegemony霸权; sovereignty主权,君主; preference偏爱, 优先权。句意：英国历史学家Niall Ferguson推测, 美国霸权主义的终结可能不会推动美国向多极体系的有序转变。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题What small businesses need to learn from larger competitors is how developing a dynamic learning environment _innovation, strengthens market position, and develops a true competitive advantage.问题1选项A.propelsB.restrainsC.prescribesD.improvises【答案】A【解析】propel推进, 驱使；restrain抑制, 制止；prescribe规定, 开处方; improvise临时准备，即兴创作。句意：小企业需要向大的竞争对手学习的是如何开发一个动态的学习环境来推动改革、巩固市场地位，并发展真正的竞争优势。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题Since the early 1990s, conservationists have_protecting the Amazon in part because of its abundance of plant and animal species.问题1选项A.called forthB.called backC.called upD.called for【答案】D【解析】called forth引起, 唤起; called back召回; called up召集,提出; called for呼吁, 提倡。句意：自从1990年起, 环保人士一直呼吁保护亚马逊, 因为该地区有着丰富的动植物物种。选项D符合句意。6. 单选题When the novelist Jodi Picoult was approached to write a few installments of the Wonder Woman comics series, her first_was to take the character out of her trademark.问题1选项A.conspiracyB.subversionC.impulseD.dissipation【答案】C【解析】conspiracy共谋, 阴谋; subversion颠覆, 破坏; impulse推动, 剌激; dissipation消散, 分散。句意：当小说家Jodi Picoult被邀请为神奇女侠系列漫画写一些情节时, 她的第一个想法就是把这个角色从自己的性格特征中脱离出来。选项C符合句意。7. 案例题Although credit cards are becoming a more acceptable part of the financial scene, they are still regarded with suspicion by many as being a major part of the live now pay later syndrome（综合症）. Along with hire-purchase, rental and leasing schemes, they provide encouragement to spend more money. Of course, it is only the foolhardy who succumb（屈服）to the temptation to the temptation to live, temporarily at least, beyond their means, and such people would no doubt manage to do so even without credit cards. Advertising campaigns have, however, promoted a growing realization of the advantages of these small pieces of plastic. They obviate the need to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies. All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may work out as high as 25 percent a year, yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks interest-free credit. Using the card abroad, where items frequently take a long time to be included on your account, can extend this period even further. It is worthwhile shopping around before deciding on a particular credit card. It is necessary to consider the amount of credit granted; interest rates, which may vary slightly; the number and range of outlets, though most cards cover major garages, hotels, restaurants and department stores, and, of course, what happens if your card is lost or stolen. A credit card thief may be sitting on a potential goldmine particularly if there is a delay in reporting the loss of the card.However, if used wisely, a credit card can cost nothings or at least help to tide you over a period of financial difficulty.1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?2.What can be the title for this passage?3.What else do you mean by judicious purchasing using a card?4. What happens if your card is lost or stolen?5.What does the phrase tide over in the last paragraph mean?Directions: Read the following passage and then give short answers to the five questions.【答案】1.Credit cards are still be suspected by some people.2.The credit cards.3.You obtain up to seven weeks interest-free credit.4.A credit card thief may use your card.5.To support through a difficult period.【解析】1.文章第一段第一句为本段的中心句, 尽管信用卡在金融领域正变得越来越被人们接受, 但许多人仍怀疑它是现用现付综合征的主要组成部分。也就是说, 信用卡现在依然受到部分人的质疑。2.结合全文可知, 本文主要讲了信用卡的用途、如何选择和使用信用卡。所以, 文章主要是介绍信用卡。3.根据关键词judicious purchasing定位到第二段第三句.judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks interest-free credit.明智地使用信用卡购物意味着你可以获得长达7周的无息信贷。4.根据第三段最后一句A credit card thief may be sitting on a potential goldmine particularly if there is a delay in reporting the loss of the card.一旦你的卡丢失且挂失晚了的话, 信用卡窃贼可能会盗用你的卡。5.tide over意为克服, 度过, 度过困难时期。即to support through a difficult period。8. 单选题A completely new situation will_when the new examination system comes into existence.问题1选项A.riseB.raiseC.ariseD.arouse【答案】C【解析】句意：当新的考试制度出现时, 将会出现一个全新的局面。rise提高, 上升; raise筹集, 养育; arise出现, 上升; arouse引起, 唤起。只有选项C有出现, 产生的意思。所以本题选C。9. 单选题You could refuse to_your Social Security number except for Social Security purposes,which is all that the law requires.问题1选项A.expoundB.divulgeC.apprehendD.unriddle【答案】B【解析】expound详细说明, 解释; divulge泄露, 暴露; apprehend领会, 理解; unriddle阐明。句意：你可以拒绝透露你的社会保险号，除非是出于社会保障的目的，这是法律的规定。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题Business is improving but much more hard work and common sense will be_before any substantial profits can be realized.问题1选项A.put up withB.called forC.taken upD.gone through【答案】B【解析】put up with容忍; called for需要, 要求; taken up拿起, 占据, 开始从事; gone through经历。句意：生意正在好转, 但要想获得可观的利润, 还需要做更多的工作和了解更多的常识。选项B符合句意。11. 单选题Perhaps most important,the report could_more light, though it does give some,on how child welfare is changing over time.问题1选项A.glanceB.reckonC.castD.resort【答案】C【解析】glance扫视,匆匆一看; reckon估计,猜想; cast投, 拋,计算; resort求助。cast light on使明白,使真相大白。句意：也许最重要的是, 虽然报告中涉及了一些, 但报告应该让我们明白, 随着时间的推移儿童福利正在发生怎样的变化。选项C符合句意。12. 单选题Theres one girl at my school who everybody_because she doesnt wear what everybody else wears; they are horrible to her.问题1选项A.picks outB.picks overC.picks onD.picks off【答案】C【解析】pick out挑选； pick over仔细检查以便选出优品（或剔除劣品）； pick on作弄，挑剔；pick off摘掉。句意：我们学校有一个女孩，每个人都欺负她，因为她穿的和大家不一样；大家都讨厌她。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题The UN official said aid programs will be _until there is adequate protection for relief personnel.问题1选项A.multipliedB.arrestedC.spannedD.suspended【答案】D【解析】multiplied增加, 繁殖; arrested逮捕, 遏止; spanned跨越, 持续; suspended延缓, 推迟。句意：这位联合国官员说, 援助项目将推迟直到救援人员得到充分保护。选项D符合句意。14. 单选题He fears this months increased violence may harm Kenyas vital tourist industry,much of which centers on _to see its exotic animals.问题1选项A.sahibB.shambleC.severityD.safaris【答案】D【解析】sahib先生, 阁下, 大人; shamble蹒跚, 摇晃的脚步; severity严肃,严重; safari旅行, 狩猎远征, 旅行队。句意：他担心这个月暴力事件的增加可能会损害肯尼亚至关重要的旅游业, 肯尼亚的旅游业主要是以在旅行中观赏野生动物为主。选项D符合句意。15. 单选题Since its inception,Pakistan has strived desperately to_India,cultivating ties with any state willing to help it.问题1选项A.counteractB.counterfeitedC.counterchangeD.counterbalance【答案】A【解析】counteract对抗, 阻碍, 中和; counterfeit伪造, 假冒; counterchange交换, 调换; counterbalance 抵消, 平衡。句意：从一开始, 巴基斯坦就拼命对抗印度, 与任何愿意帮助它的国家建立联系。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird_a set of actions to protect its offspring.问题1选项A.hastensB.releasesC.devisesD.initiates【答案】D【解析】hastens加速, 催促; releases释放, 放松; devises设计, 想出; initiates发起, 开始。句意：如果一只猫离知更鸟的巢太近, 它就会采取一系列行动来保护它的后代。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题For the longest time, I couldnt get worked up about privacy: my right to it; how its dying; how were headed for an even more wired, underregulated, overintrusive, privacy-deprived planet.I should also point out that as news director for Pathfinder, Time Inc.s mega info mall, and a guy who on the Web, I know better than most people that were hurtling toward an even more intrusive world. Were all being watched by computers whenever we visit Websites; by the mere act of browsing(it sounds so passive! ) were going public in a way that was unimaginable a decade ago. I know this because Im a watcher too. When people come to my Website,without ever knowing their names, I can peer over their shoulders,recording what they look at,timing how long they stay on a particular page,following them around Pathfinders sprawling offerings.None of this would bother me in the least, I suspect, if a few years ago, my phone, like Marleys ghost, hadnt given me a glimpse of the nightmares to come. On Thanksgiving weekend in 1995, someone (presumably a critic of a book my wife and I had just written about computer hackers) forwarded my home telephone number to an out-of-state answering machine,where unsuspecting callers trying to reach me heard a male voice identify himself as me and say some extremely rude things. Then,with typical hacker aplomb,the prankster asked people to leave their messages (which to my surprise many callers,including my mother,did). This went on for several days until my wife and I figured out that something was wrong (Hey.why hasnt the phone rung since Wednesday? ) and got our phone service restored.It seemed funny at first,and it gave us a swell story to tell on our book tour. But the interloper who seized our telephone line continued to hit us even after the tour ended. And hit us again and again for the next six months. The phone company seemed powerless. Its security folks moved us to one unlisted number after another,half a dozen times. They put special pin codes in place. They put traces on the line. But the troublemaker kept breaking through.If our hacker had been truly evil and omnipotent as only fictional movie hackers are, there would probably have been even worse ways he could have threatened my privacy. He could have sabotaged my credit rating. He could have eavesdropped on my telephone conversations or siphoned off my E-mail. He could have called in my mortgage, discontinued my health insurance or obliterated my Social Security number. Like Sandra Bullock in The Net J could have been a digital untouchable, wandering the planet without a connection to the rest of humanity. (Although if I didnt have to pay back school loans,it might be worth it. Just a thought.)Still,I remember feeling violated at the time and as powerless as a minnow in a flash flood. Someone was invading my private spacemy familys private spaceand there was nothing I or the authorities could do. It was as close to a technological epiphany as I have ever been. And as I watched my personal digital hell unfold, it struck me that our privacymine and yourshas already disappeared, not in one Big Brotherly blitzkrieg but in Little Brotherly moments, bit by bit.Losing control of your telephone, of course, is the least of it. After all, most of us voluntarily give out our phone number and address when we allow ourselves to be listed in the White Pages. Most of us go a lot further than that. We register our whereabouts whenever we put a bank card in an ATM machine or drive through an E-Z Pass lane on the highway. We submit to being photographed every day20 times a day on average if you live or work in New York City一by surveillance cameras. We make public our interests and our purchasing habits every time we shop by mail order or visit a commercial Website. 1.What information do you learn about the author that establishes him as an authority on this topic?2.Which of the following problems has the author experienced?3.According to the passage,the hackers in the movie would conduct following thing EXCEPT（） .4.The writer cited his experience to show that（） .5.Because of advances in todays technology,the right to privacy could be compromised in the following areas EXCEPT（） .问题1选项A.He has suffered a lot in losing his privacy.B.He makes his living off of the Web.C.He knows how to monitor his account.D.He and his wife published a book concerning computer hackers.问题2选项A.Someone got information from his medical files and sent him brochures on health products he may want to buy.B.Someone used the motor-vehicle registration records on his car to find his home address.C.Someone rerouted his telephone calls to another number without his knowledge.D.Someone sent an e-mail message that destroyed the files on his computer.问题3选项A.eavesdroppingB.damaging a Social Security numberC.threatening in a flash floodD.making a person information disappear in the date base问题4选项A.the authorized organization could solve the problem by offering timely helpB.the interloper would be kept back sooner or laterC.the government took personal privacy bit by bitD.he would lose his privacy gradually问题5选项A.purchasingB.bankingC.telephone useD.recruitment【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.根据第二段的第一句“I should also point out that as news director for Pathfinder,Time Inc.s mega info mall, and a guy who on the Web,.”作为时代公司旗下大型信息商城开创者的新闻总监和一个在网上谋生的人, 我应该指出.所以选项B正确。2.根据第三段的第二句“someone forwarded my home telephone number to an out-of-state answering machine,.”可知, 有人将作者的住宅电话号码转到了州外的答录机上, 选项C符合原文。3.根据第五段的内容可知, 科幻电影中的黑客会破坏被害人的信誉评价, 窃听电话, 截取邮件, 收回抵押, 停止健康保险或者删除社会保险号, 甚至断绝被害人与其他人的联系, 使其信息消失在数据库中。所以选项A, B, D均有提及, 只有选项C是作者打的一个比喻, 形容被侵犯的感觉, 所以本题选C。4.根据倒数第二段的最后一句“And as I watched my personal digital hell unfold, it struck me that our privacymine and yourshas already disappeared,not in one Big Brotherly blitzkrieg but in Little Brotherly moments,bit by bit.”作者引用自己的经历意在说明他的隐私, 包括大家的隐私, 都在逐渐消失, 选项D符合原文。5.根据最后一段的内容可知, 我们在购物、取款和使用电话时隐私权都会受到侵犯, 只有选项D在文中没有提及, 所以本题选D。18. 单选题A 1994 World Bank report concluded that_girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.问题1选项A.enrollingB.assigningC.involvingD.consenting【答案】A【解析】enrolling招收, 参加; assigning指派, 分配; involving牵涉, 使参与; consenting允许, 赞成。句意：世界银行1994年的一份报告得出结论：招收女童入学可能是当今发展中世界最有效的反贫困政策。选项A符合句意。19. 单选题I personally am offended by what they have tried to do in a very misleading way with,what Ive said about two of my personal_, President Kennedy and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.问题1选项A.resemblanceB.statuesC.iconsD.parable【答案】C【解析】resemblance相似之处; statue雕像; icon偶像, 崇拜对象; parable寓意,比喻。句意：就我个人而言, 我对他们试图以一种非常具有误导性的方式对待肯尼迪总统和马丁路德金博士的事感到很愤怒, 而我讲过这两个人是我的偶像。选项C符合句意。20. 单选题.Any Democratic president will try to_the United States from the mess in Iraq,yet all would face rigid constraints.问题1选项A.knockoutB.distinguishC.overtureD.extricate【答案】D【解析】knockout击倒; distinguish区别,辨别; overture作动词意为建议; extricate使摆脱,解救。句意：任何一位民主党总统都将试图把美国从伊拉克的混乱中解救出来, 但所有人都将面临严格的约束。选项D符合句意。