2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第100期

2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Im sure your research has _ this disease.问题1选项A.contributed to understanding ofB.contributed to understand ofC.been contributed to understand ofD.been contributed to understanding of【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我相信你的研究有助于了解这种疾病。Im sure (that)+宾语从句，根据contribute的动作发生在过去、对现在有影响，确定用现在完成时；根据contribute的动作是主动发生，确定用主动语态；根据of所属结构确定用名词性的understanding，A选项contributed to understanding of符合题意。B选项understand是动词词性，C选项和D选项中has been done是被动语态。因此A选项正确。2. 翻译题除了干旱时期，人们从不把水看成宝贵的自然资源。诚然，水不是世界上的稀有之物。如果天不下雨，农民会抱怨，但在有可靠供水系统的城区，很少有人感到缺水。我们想当然地以为水与空气一样不值钱，到处都有。然而，部分因为人口增加，部分因为可怕的浪费，在当今世界许多地方，供水已成为一大挑战。这是一个不可忽视的严重问题。如果不降低需求，减少浪费，人类在不久的将来就会面临灾难。【答案】In addition to the dry period, people have never regarded water as a valuable natural resource. It is true that water is not a rare thing in the world. If it does not rain, the farmers will complain, but in the city with reliable water supply system, few people feel water shortage. We take it for granted that water is no more valuable than air. However, in part because of the increase in population, partly because of the terrible waste, water supply has become a big challenge in many parts of the world. This is a serious problem that cant be ignored. If we do not reduce blood cells, reduce waste, mankind will face disaster in the near future.3. 单选题He is a very _ performer: he can sing, dance, and play the piano.问题1选项A.goodB.experiencedC.honestD.versatile【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项good“优秀的”；B选项experienced“有经验的”；C选项honest“诚实的”；D选项versatile“多才多艺的”。句意：他是一个非常_的表演者：他会唱歌，跳舞和弹钢琴。根据语境，他会各种才艺，D选项versatile“多才多艺的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题_ a bomb on the road, the car was stopped.问题1选项A.Having seenB.The driver seeingC.SeeingD.After seeing【答案】B【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：司机看到炸弹之后，把车停了下来。根据句子主语是car，结合独立主格部分有动词see，确定前面一部分有driver，根据司机看是主动，确定用主动形式，所以B选项The driver seeing符合题意。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题As modern science moves faster, two forces are _ on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach.问题1选项A.exertedB.expiredC.exiledD.exempted【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项exerted“外露的”；B选项expired“过期的；失效的”；C选项exiled“被流放的；流亡的”；D选项exempted“被免除的”。句意：随着现代科学的快速发展，有两种力量_教授身上：一是继续从事这一职业所需的时间；另一个是教学所需的时间。根据语境，这里指教授受两个方面的因素的影响，这两个方面同时显现出来，A选项exerted“外露的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Groups of police were _ all along the street where the Queen was to pass.问题1选项A.dispersedB.displacedC.dispensedD.discounted【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dispersed“分散”；B选项displaced“取代；移动位置”；C选项dispensed“分发”；D选项discounted“打折；不理会”。句意：成群的警察被_在女王要经过的街道上。这里A选项dispersed“分散”比较符合语境，指警察在街道上保护女王，符合题意。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题Earthquakes rank _ forest fires, flood and tornadoes _ major calamities.问题1选项A.with, asB.like, inC.in, asD.for, in【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项rank with“与并列”，rank as“列为；看作”；B选项rank like非词组，rank in非词组；C选项rank in非词组，rank as“列为；看作”；D选项rank for非词组，rank in非词组。句意：地震和森林火灾排名_，洪水和龙卷风_重大灾害。综合四个选项，只有A选项都可组成有意义的词组，并且符合地震和森林火灾等级相同，洪水和龙卷风为重大灾害的生活场景。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题They _ the boat up onto the shore.问题1选项A.hauledB.handedC.heldD.heightened【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：他们把船_岸。A选项hauled“（用力）拖，拉”；B选项handed“递交；搀扶”；C选项held“抓住”；D选项heightened“提高；增加”。根据语境，这里是指他们把船拖到岸上，所以A选项hauled“（用力）拖；拉”符合题意。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题His family had almost forgotten _ like.问题1选项A.how his face wasB.which was his faceC.what his face wasD.that his face was【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他的家人几乎已经忘记了他长的什么样子。根据句型it is like，得出C选项what his face was符合题意。因此C选项正确。10. 单选题Did you know that you could be sting on a fortune without even realizing it? If youre like most people, you have no idea that you probably have items of value put away that could put dollars in your pocket.Thats exactly why Tony Hyman, Ed.D., one of Americans top ten authorities on collectibles (收藏品) and the host of the #1 radio antiques and collectibles call-in Q & A show, wrote his book Trash or Treasure. “This book has only one purpose: to make money for its readers,” says Hyman, who has authored 11 other books on selling collectibles, and has appeared on every major TV talk show.“Trash or Treasure can make you rich,” says Anita Gold, one of the countrys foremost columnists on collectibles. “Its better than buying a lottery ticketyou cant lose with this book.”Elsie Gordon, from Florida, made $250 by going through the trash after her husband had cleaned out the garage. She originally thought that the old car parts and oily manuals shed rescued might be worth $10.Theres only one way to know you if what you have is trash or treasure. You have to ask a qualified expert. Thats why Dr. Hymans book is invaluable: It leads you straight to 1,200 specialty buyers who are actively looking for your dust-gatherers.Trash or Treasure, which has sold nearly 250,000 copies, is the only book of its kind. For it not only tells you what you have that could be of value, it tells you who to sell it to, where theyre located, and how to handle the transaction. All you have to do is fill out Sell-A-Gram included with the book.Trash or Treasure gives you all the information you need to trade in your trash for cash. Lets face it. You cant afford to pass up that opportunity.1. What does “authored” (Par. 2, last sentence) mean?2. From what Anta Gold said we can infer that _.3. What does “dust-gatherers” (Par.5, last sentence) mean?4. Which of the following is NOT included in the book?5. This text is likely to be _.问题1选项A.Been an authority on.B.Authorized.C.Given up the right to.D.Written.问题2选项A.you may lose a lottery ticket but you wont lose this bookB.you may spend money and get nothing back when you buy a lottery ticker but you can always get something back when you buy this bookC.you may be late for getting money from a lottery ticket but you cant when you buy this bookD.you may not do as well as others when you buy a lottery ticket but you will be as good as anybody else when you buy this book问题3选项A.Things on which dust gathers.B.People hired to help clear away the trash.C.People employed to empty the dustbin.D.Things one collects when gathering up trash.问题4选项A.Where the specialty buyers are located.B.What might be of value.C.When the specialty buyers handle transaction.D.Who would buy valuable collectibles.问题5选项A.a preface to a bookB.a book reviewC.advice provided by the social servicesD.an advertisement【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.语义推测题。authored意思为“写作；编写”。根据第二段最后一句who has authored 11 other books on selling collectibles（写了另外11本关于出售收藏品的书），这里authored搭配books，D选项“写”比较符合语境，也和authored词义相近。A选项“是某方面的权威”，B选项“批准，授权”和C选项“放弃权利”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据第三段“Trash or Treasure can make you rich,”“Its better than buying a lottery ticketyou cant lose with this book.”（“垃圾还是宝藏可以让你变得富有，”“这比买彩票好你不会因为拥有这本书而失去什么。”），文章写的是卖废品为财富，运用这本书的内容会让人增加财富，更不会因为这本书失去什么，所以B选项“你可能花了很多钱买彩票，却什么也得不到，但是如果你买这本书，总会得到些什么”正确。A选项“你可能会失去一张彩票，但不会失去这本书”，C选项“可能买彩票你来晚了，但是买这本书不会晚”和D选项“如果你买彩票，可能不会像他人一样优秀，但是如果你买这本书，就会和其他人一样优秀”不符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第五段最后一句Thats why Dr. Hymans book is invaluable: It leads you straight to 1,200specialty buyers who are actively looking for your dust-gatherers.（这就是为什么海曼博士的书是无价的：它直接把你带到1200个专业买家面前，而他们正在积极地寻找你的灰尘收集器。），这些专家专门收购垃圾，所以D选项“收集垃圾的东西”符合题意。A选项“积灰尘的东西”，B选项“受雇帮助清理垃圾的人”和C选项“被雇佣来清空垃圾箱的人”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第六段第二句For it not only tells you what you have that could be of value, it tells you who to sell it to, where theyre located, and how to handle the transaction.（因为它不仅告诉你你拥有什么可能有价值的东西，还告诉你把它卖给谁，他们在哪里，以及如何处理交易。），可知这本书的内容有A选项“专业买家的所在地”，B选项“可能有价值的东西”和D选项“谁会买有价值的收藏品”，C选项“专业买家什么时候处理交易”不包含在内。因此C选项正确。5.主旨大意题。这篇文章介绍了Trash or Treasure这本书，也介绍了这本书的作者和内容，而没有对这本书的评价，所以A选项“书的序言”正确。B选项“书评”、C选项“社会服务机构给的意见”和D选项“广告”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。11. 单选题_ nature means all living plants and animals.问题1选项A.ScientificB.AnimateC.GoodD.Large【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项Scientific“科学的”；B选项Animate“有生命的”；C选项Good“良好的”；D选项Large“大量的；广泛的”。句意：_的物种是指所有有生命的动植物。根据语境，B选项Animate“有生命的”比较符合语境，这里是在解释有生命的物种是什么，符合题意。因此B选项正确。12. 单选题Stress is a state of imbalance between demands made on us from outside sources and our capabilities to meet those demands. Often, it precedes and occurs concurrently with conflict. Stress, as you have seen, can be brought on by physical events, other peoples behavior, social situations, our own behavior, feelings, thoughts, or anything that results in heightened bodily awareness. In many cases, when you experience pain, anger, fear, or depression, these emotions are a response to a stressful situation like conflict.Sometimes, in highly stressful conflict situations, we must cope with the stress before we cope with the conflict. Relieving some of the intensity of the immediate emotional response will allow us to become more logical and tolerant in resolving the conflict.People respond differently to conflict just as they respond differently to stress. Some people handle both better than others do. Individual differences are not as important as learning how to manage the stress we feel. The goal in stress management is self-control, particularly in the face of stressful events.Controlling physical symptoms of stress requires relaxation. Sit in a comfortable position in a quiet place where there are no distractions. Close your eyes and pay no attention to the outside world. Concentrate only on your breathing. Slowly inhale and exhale. Now, with each exhaled breath say “relax” gently and passively. Make it a relaxing experience. If you use this method to help you in conflict situations over a period of time, the word “relax” will become associated with a sense of physical calm; saying it in a stressful situation will help induce a sense of peace.Controlling your thoughts is the second major element in stress management. Managing stress successfully requires flexibility in thinking. That is, you must consider alternative views. Your current view is causing the stress! You must also keep from attaching exaggerated importance to events.Everything seems life-threatening in a moment of panic; things dim in importance when viewed in retrospect.1. The main point of this reading is that _.2. Controlling your thoughts always involves _.3. Human response to stress is _.4. The authors primary purpose in writing the selection is to _.5. Which of the following statements included in the selection most directly supports the writers view that stress is controllable?问题1选项A.Stress is an imbalance of internal and external demandsB.Controlling physical reactions and thoughts is an effective means of managing stressC.Relaxation is the key to successful stress managementD.Stress management requires a problem-solving approach问题2选项A.considering the situation in alternative viewpointsB.visualizing yourself managing the stressfulC.relaxation techniques to eliminate physical symptomsD.a sense of being overwhelmed by the situation问题3选项A.universalB.variable according to sexC.unchangingD.individual问题4选项A.explain the relationship between stress and conflictB.instruct the reader how to control stressC.describe relaxation techniquesD.persuade the reader to reduce stress through breathing问题5选项A.Things dim in importance when viewed in retrospect.B.Stress is an imbalance between demands.C.People respond differently to conflict, just as they respond differently to stress.D.Managing stress successfully requires flexibility in thinking.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.观点态度题。文章第一二段对压力这个话题进行引入后，第三段最后一句The goal in stress management is self-control（压力管理的目标是自我控制）交代下文主要内容，第四段讲述Controlling physical symptoms of stress requires relaxation.（可以控制压力的身体症状需要放松。），第五段讲述Controlling your thoughts is the second major element in stress management.（控制思想是压力管理的第二个主要因素），第六段对文章进行结尾，文章用了一半多的篇幅讲述如何管理压力，综上可知，本文的主要观点是B选项“控制身体的反应和思想是管理压力的有效方法”。A选项“压力是内在和外在需求的不平衡”：仅在第一段提到作为引入，没有贯穿全文，故错误。C选项“放松是成功管理压力的关键”：仅仅是主要观点的一个方面，故错误。D选项“压力管理需要一种解决问题的方法”：文章没有提到在解决问题的层面缓解压力，故错误。因此B选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第五段第三句That is, you must consider alternative views.（也就是说，你必须考虑不同的观点。），可知控制思想需要考虑不同观点，所以A选项“用不同的观点来考虑情况”正确。B选项“想象自己管理压力”文章没有提到，故错误。C选项“消除身体症状的放松技巧”：属于身体范畴，不是思想范畴，故错误。D选项“被形势压倒的感觉”：根据第五段最后一句You must also keep from attaching exaggerated importance to events.（你也必须避免夸大事件的重要性），表明要避免被形势压倒的感觉，故错误。因此A选项正确。3.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句People respond differently to conflict just as they respond differently to stress.（人们对冲突的反应和对压力的反应是不同的。），可知人们对压力的反应因人而异，所以D选项“个人的”正确，A选项“普遍的”错误。B选项“根据性别变化”：文章没有提到男女在面对压力的不同。C选项“不变的”：文章主要内容讲如何调节压力，可知对压力的反应可以改变，故错误。因此D选项正确。4.作者意图题。根据第一段stress is a state of imbalance（压力是一种失衡的状态）讲述压力是什么，通过Often, it precedes and occurs concurrently with conflict.（它通常伴随冲突出现，并出现在冲突之前。）讲述为什么产生压力，根据第二段Relieving some of the intensity of the immediate emotional response will allow us to become more logical and tolerant in resolving the conflict.（减轻一些强烈的即时情绪反应将使我们在解决冲突时变得更有逻辑性和宽容）讲为什么要管理压力，在第三到第五段讲怎样管理压力，综上分析，可知作者的主要目的是让读者认识压力和学习管理压力，所以B选项“指导读者如何控制压力”正确。A选项“解释压力和冲突之间的关系”：属于为什么产生压力，不全面，故错误。C选项“描述放松技巧”和D选项“说服读者通过呼吸来减轻压力”：属于怎样管理压力，不全面，故错误。因此B选项正确。5.推理判断题。A选项“回想起来，事情就不那么重要了”：事情重要与否和压力能否控制不是一回事，不能相提并论，故错误。B选项“压力是需求之间的不平衡”：这里点出为什么会有压力，却没有表示需求和控制压力的关系，故错误。C选项“人们对冲突的反应不同，就像他们对压力的反应不同一样”：只是点出压力因人而异，没有提到能否控制，故错误。D选项“成功地管理压力需要思维上的灵活性”：这里点出了成功地管理压力，表示压力可以通过管理而得到控制，因此D选项正确。13. 单选题I would prefer to spend the weekend at home _.问题1选项A.rather than drive outB.than to drive outC.rather than drove outD.to driving out【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。prefer to do rather than do“宁可做而不做”，A选项rather than drive out符合题意。其余选项用法错误。句意：我宁愿在家度周末也不愿开车出去。因此A选项正确。14. 单选题Nobody is able to explain the _ of this commonly-used expression.问题1选项A.beginningB.starting-pointC.foundationD.origin【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项beginning“（事情或过程的）的开始”；B选项starting-point“（讨论或过程的）起点；（旅行的)出发点”；C选项foundation“基础”；D选项origin“起源”。句意：没有人能解释这个常用表达的_。根据语境，这里指没有人能解释这个常用表达是哪里来的，所以origin“起源”符合题意。因此D选项正确。15. 单选题These isolated elephant populations are _ to extinction.问题1选项A.fragileB.primitiveC.vulnerableD.susceptible【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项fragile“易碎的；不牢固的；虚弱的”；B选项primitive “原始的；落后的；（感觉或欲望）原始本能的”；C选项vulnerable“（身体上或感情上）脆弱的；易受伤害的”，侧重指（由于有夹缝或弱点而）易受责难或攻击；D选项susceptible“易受（伤）的；易患（病）的”，侧重指易受影响。句意：这些_的大象种群很容易灭绝。根据语境，容易灭绝是因为容易受伤害，C选项vulnerable“（身体上或感情上）脆弱的；易受伤害的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。16. 单选题The question _ tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.问题1选项A.to be debatedB.to debateC.debatedD.that it will be debated【答案】A【解析】考查后置定语。句意：明天要讨论的问题是是否应该提高所得税。根据question被debate确定用被动语态，不定式表目的可以用作定语成分，A选项to be debated正确。D选项that it will be debated中it作从句主语多余。因此A选项正确。17. 单选题He thought that he might be able to avoid paying some of his taxes by taking advantages of the _ in the law.问题1选项A.circleB.misunderstandingC.exceptionD.loop holes【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项circle“周期”；B选项misunderstanding“误解”；C选项exception“例外；异议”；D选项loop holes“漏洞”。句意：他认为他也许可以利用法律上的_来逃避缴纳一些税款。根据语境，这里是指钻法律的空子避税，D选项loop holes“漏洞”符合题意。因此D选项正确。18. 单选题Weve tested ten types of material, _is completely waterproof.问题1选项A.no of whichB.none of whichC.some of thatD.neither of which【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。B项none of which指“三者或三者以上都不”，符合题意；A项no of which没有这种说法；C项，引导定语从句时that不能用在介词后。D项neither of which指“两者都不”。句意：我们已经测试了十种材料，没有一种是完全防水的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。19. 单选题Allow children the space to voice their opinions_they are different from your own.问题1选项A.untilB.even ifC.unlessD.as though【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。A项“直到”；B项“尽管”；C项“除非”；D项“似乎”；句意：允许孩子有发言的空间，尽管他们的意见和你自己的有所不同。因此选B。20. 单选题Here _ you want to see.问题1选项A.comes the girlB.come does the girlC.the girl comesD.coming the girl is【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句。句意：你想见的女孩来了。here位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式，倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，所以A选项comes the girl符合题意。因此A选项正确。