2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第128期

2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The Alzheimers Association and the National Alliance for Caregiving estimate that men make up nearly 40 percent of family care providers now, up from 19 percent in a 1996 study by the Alzheimers Association. About 17 million men are caring for an adult. Women still provide the bulk of family care, especially intimate tasks like bathing and dressing. Many complain that their brothers are treated like heroes just for showing up. But with smaller families and more women working full-time, many men have no choice but to take on roles that would have been alien to their fathers.Often they are overshadowed by their female counterparts and faced with employers, friends, support organizations and sometimes even parents who view caregiving as an essentially female role. Male caregivers are more likely to say they feel unprepared for the role and become socially isolated, and less likely to ask for help. Isolation affects women as well, but men tend to have fewer lifeline. “They are less likely to have friends going through similar experiences, and depend more on their jobs for daily human contact.” Dr. Donna Wagner, the director of gerontology at Towson University and one of the few researchers who has studied sons as caregivers, said.In past generations, men might have pointed to their accomplishments as breadwinners or fathers. Now, some men say they worry about the conflict between caring for their parents and these other roles. In a 2003 study at three Fortune 500 companies, Dr. Donna Wagner found that men were less likely to use employee-assistance programs for caregivers because they feared it would be held against them. “Even though the company has endorsed the program, your supervisors may have a different opinion,” Dr. Wagner said. Matt Kassin, 51, worked for a large company with very generous benefits, and his employer had been understanding. But he was reluctant to talk about his caregivers because he thought “it would be looked at like, when they hire a male, they expect him to be 100 percent focused.” And he didnt want to appear to be someone who had distractions that detracted from performance.For many men, the new role means giving up their self-image as experts, said Louis Colbert, director of the office of services for the aging in Delaware County, Pa., who has shared care of his 84-year-old mother with his siblings since her Alzheimers made it necessary. Once a year, Mr. Colbert organizes a get-together for male caregivers. The concerns they raise, he said, are different from those of women in support groups. “Very clearly, they said they wanted their role as caregivers validated, because in our society, as a whole, men as caregivers have been invisible,” he said.1. What can we know about men according to the Alzheimers Association and the National Alliance for Caregiving?2. Why do men tend to feel more stressed and socially isolated according to Donna Wagner?3. Donna Wagner solution to the conflict between caring for parents and other social roles is to _.4. Why was Matt Kassin unwilling to talk about his caregiving with his employer?5. What might be the concerns of male caregivers according to Louis Colbert?问题1选项A.More men play the leading role in caring for elderly parents.B.Men count on their wives to take care of their parents.C.Men undertake all family care including washing and cooking.D.Men tend to be viewed as heroes for their parents.问题2选项A.Because they feel overwhelmed by the pressure from parents.B.Because they face the competition from their female counterparts.C.Because they find few people to talk and share their experiences with.D.Because they are psychologically unprepared for the role.问题3选项A.take advantage of employee-assistance programsB.make adjustment both physically and emotionallyC.schedule time for parents, children and jobD.involve in the outside world as much as possible问题4选项A.Because the company did not provide such support programs.B.Because he was threatened to be at the risk of losing his job.C.Because he felt embarrassed to send parents to nursing homes.D.Because he feared it would lead to a distracted image in the mind of his boss.问题5选项A.They are lack of professional knowledge and skills.B.They feel it inappropriate for them to do the job.C.Their role of caregivers is not acknowledged.D.They feel what they do is not enough.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第一句The Alzheimers Association and the National Alliance for Caregiving estimate that men make up nearly 40 percent of family care providers now（阿尔茨海默氏症协会和全国护理联盟估计，目前男性占家庭护理提供者的近40%）。A选项“越来越多的男性在照顾年迈的父母方面起着主导作用”，文章第一段提到，大约有1700万男性在照顾一个成年人，符合A选项内容，A选项正确。B选项“男人依靠妻子照顾父母”，文章所说，女性仍然承担着大部分的家庭照顾工作，不符合题意，可排除。C选项“男人负责所有家庭事务，包括洗衣服和做饭”不符合文章内容，可排除。D选项“男人往往被他们的父母视为英雄”，文章所说许多人抱怨他们的兄弟仅仅因为出现了就被当作英雄对待，男人没有被父母视为英雄，因此可排除D选项。因此正确答案为A选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段第四句They are less likely to have friends going through similar experiences, and depend more on their jobs for daily human contact.（他们不太可能有朋友经历类似的经历，更多地依靠他们的工作来进行日常的人际交往）。C选项“因为他们找不到可以交谈和分享自己经历的人”，从文章来看，男人不太可能和朋友有类似的经历，C选项的内容符合文章所说。A选项“因为他们觉得被来自父母的压力压垮了”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“因为他们面临着来自女性同行的竞争”，文章所说他们常常被她们的女性同行蒙上阴影，而不是受到竞争，因此B选项可排除。D选项“因为他们对这个角色没有心理准备”，这并不是造成他们有压力和社会孤立的主要原因，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Dr. Donna Wagner found that men were less likely to use employee-assistance programs for caregivers because they feared it would be held against them.（唐娜瓦格纳博士发现，男性不太可能使用为看护人提供的员工协助项目，因为他们担心这会对自己不利）。A选项“利用员工援助计划”，从全文来看，男性作为护理的角色一直被忽视，但其实男性护理者同样需要得到认可，因此A选项正确。B选项“在身体上和精神上做出调整”，可以做出调整，但不是解决的最佳方法，B选项可排除。C选项“为父母、孩子和工作安排好时间”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除C选项。D选项“尽可能多地融入外部世界”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D选项。因此正确答案为A选项。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句because he thought “it would be looked at like, when they hire a male, they expect him to be 100 percent focused.” And he didnt want to appear to be someone who had distractions that detracted from performance.（因为他认为这会让人觉得，当他们雇佣男性时，他们希望他是百分百专注的。他也不想让人觉得他有分心的事情，从而影响了自己的表现。）。D选项“因为他担心这会让他老板的脑海里产生一种分心的印象”，他不想让人觉得他有分心的事情，因此D选项正确。A选项“因为公司没有提供这样的支持项目”，他在一家福利优厚的公司，文章所说公司不支持的项目是员工协助护理人员的项目。因此可排除A选项。B选项“因为有人威胁他要冒着丢掉工作的危险”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“因为他觉得送父母去养老院很尴尬”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此正确答案为D选项。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Very clearly, they said they wanted their role as caregivers validated, because in our society, as a whole, men as caregivers have been invisible（很明显，他们说他们希望自己作为照顾者的角色得到认可，因为在我们的社会中，作为一个整体，男性作为照顾者的角色一直被忽视）。C选项“他们在照顾者中的作用没有得到承认”，根据文章内容，男性作为照顾者的角色经常被忽略，也就是他们得不到承认，因此C选项正确。A选项“他们缺乏专业知识和技能”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。B选项“他们觉得自己不适合做这项工作”，男性并没有觉得自己不适合做这份工作，相反还十分专注，B选项可排除。D选项“他们觉得自己所做的还不够”，他们并没有觉得自己做的不够，只是不被大众认可，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。2. 单选题A generation of e-mailing, followed by an explosion in texting, has pushed the telephone conversation into serious decline, creating new tensions between baby boomers and millennial-those in their teens, 20s and early 30s.Nearly all age groups are spending less time talking on the phone; boomers in their mid-5Os and early 60s are the only ones still yakking as they did when Ma Bell was Americas communications queen. But the fall of the call is driven by 18-to-34-year-olds, whose average monthly voice minutes have plunged from about 1,200 to 900 in the past two years, according to the research by Nielsen. Texting among 18-to-24-year-olds has more than doubled in the same period, from an average of 600 messages a month two years ago to more than 1, 400 texts a month, according to Nielsen.Young people say they avoid voice calls because the immediacy of a phone call strips them of the control that they have over the arguably less-intimate pleasures of texting, e-mailing, or Face booking. They even complain that phone calls are by their nature impolite, more of an interruption than the blip of an arriving text. The bias, against unexpected phone calls stems in good part from the way texting and e-mail have conditioned young people to be cautious about how they communicate when they are not face to face, experts, say.Deborah Tannen, a linguistics professor at Georgetown University who studies how people converse in everyday life, said older generations misinterpret the way younger people use their cellphones. “One student told me that it takes her days to call her parents back and the parents thought she was intentionally putting them off.” she said. “But the parents didnt get it. Its the medium.”The difference in communications preferences has created a palpable perception gap between young adults and their parents. Jane Beard, who coaches business leaders on public speaking, said that when her niece, Lindsay Spencer, 20, “is in classes at the University of Maryland, Ill never hear from her until she comes over to do the laundry. We text multiple times a day.”But Beard is understanding about the change in ways of conversing. Not all parents are quite that open to new ways. “My mom gets offended,” said Muggaga Kintu, 32, an administrative assistant at Walter Reed Army Medical Center who prefers texting or calling on his own time when hes not around patients. “She thinks I dont want to hear from her, and thats not the case. One day she called me when I was at work, and I told her, Instead of calling me, can you text me? What? You dont like to hear from me? You dont like the sound of my voice? She said.”1. Who drives the decline of telephone conversation according to the research by Nielsen?2. Why do the young people avoid phone calls?3. What do experts say about young peoples bias against unexpected phone calls?4. According to Deborah Tannen, the older generations should recognize that _.5. What can we conclude based on the experiences of Jane Beard and Muggaga Kintu?A. The less popularity of phone calls should arouse the youngs concern.B. Lives have changed fundamentally due to the change of communication.C. Answering a phone call causes great pressure on the young.D. Perception gap emerges due to different communication preferences.问题1选项A.Baby boomers.B.Millennials.C.18-to-34-year-olds.D.18-to-24-year-olds.问题2选项A.They feel they are deprived of control.B.They feel not intimate enough to have phone calls.C.They want to make shorter conversations.D.They fall victim to the neglect of phone calls.问题3选项A.It is because they are afraid that they may be seen as rude or intrusive.B.It roots in the way that e-mails and texts enable them to make more careful responses.C.They tend to make an appointment by texting before they call.D.They become less addicted to face-to-face communication.问题4选项A.their children are just too busy to replyB.its the medium that makes differenceC.children complain about the frequent callsD.they are intruding their childrens lives问题5选项A.their children are just too busy to replyB.its the medium that makes differenceC.children complain about the frequent callsD.they are intruding their childrens lives【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段第三句But the fall of the call is driven by 18-to-34-year-olds, whose average monthly voice minutes have plunged from about 1,200 to 900 in the past two years, according to the research by Nielsen.（尼尔森公司的调查显示，18岁至34岁的年轻人是通话次数减少的主要原因，在过去两年中，他们每月平均通话时间从1200分钟下降到900分钟）。C选项“18到34岁的人群”，文章所说，18-34岁通话的人数减少，因此C选项正确。A选项“婴儿潮出生的一代人”，婴儿不能使用手机通话，因此A选项可排除。B选项“千禧之子”，文章只是说千禧一代的通话减少，但并不是主要原因。D选项“18到24岁的人群”，文章所说，这个时代的人，短信数量激增，因此也可排除D。因此正确答案为C选项。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干我们可以定位到文章第三段第一句Young people say they avoid voice calls because the immediacy of a phone call strips them of the control（年轻人说，他们不喜欢打语音电话，因为电话的即时性使他们失去了控制权）。A选项“他们觉得自己被剥夺了控制权”，符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“他们觉得没有亲密到可以打电话”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“他们想要进行简短的对话”，他们认为打电话是一种打扰，并不是简短的对话，C选项可排除。D选项“他们成了忽视电话的受害者”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此正确答案为A选项。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句The bias, against unexpected phone calls stems in good part from the way texting and e-mail have conditioned young people to be cautious about how they communicate when they are not face to face, experts, say.（专家表示，这种对“意外来电”的偏见很大程度上源于短信和电子邮件的方式，这种方式使年轻人在非面对面交流时谨慎对待交流方式）。B选项“它的根源在于，电子邮件和短信使他们能够做出更谨慎的回应”，符合文章所说的内容，短信和电子邮件使年轻人有更谨慎的回应，因此B选项正确。A选项“这是因为他们害怕他们可能会被认为是粗鲁或侵犯”，A选项的情节过于严重，文章是说他们认为打电话是一种打扰，A选项可排除。C选项“他们倾向于在打电话之前先发短信预约”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“他们不太喜欢面对面的交流”，这并不是造成他们对打电话的偏见的主要原因，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句One student told me that it takes her days to call her parents back and the parents thought she was intentionally putting them off.” she said. “But the parents didnt get it. Its the medium”.（“一个学生告诉我，她花了好几天时间给父母回电话，而父母认为她是故意拖延。”她说。“但家长们并不理解。它是媒介”）。B选项“这是不同的媒介”，父母和孩子对待打电话的观念不一样，孩子认为打电话属于一种媒介，父母却不理解，因此B选项正确。A选项“他们的孩子只是太忙了，没有时间回复”，文章并没有提到此内容，因此可排除A选项。C选项“孩子们抱怨频繁的电话”，文章没有提到孩子抱怨接电话，可排除。D选项“他们正在干涉孩子们的生活”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段第一句The difference in communications preferences has created a palpable perception gap between young adults and their parents.（在沟通偏好上的差异已经在年轻人和他们的父母之间造成了一个明显的认知鸿沟）最后一段最后一句One day she called me when I was at work, and I told her, Instead of calling me, can you text me? What? You dont like to hear from me? You dont like the sound of my voice? She said.”（ 有一天她在我工作的时候给我打电话，我告诉她，“你能不能别给我打电话，发个短信给我？”“什么？你不喜欢我的消息吗？你不喜欢我的声音吗？”她说）。可推测年轻人与父母沟通方式上产生着差异。D选项“由于沟通偏好的不同，产生了感知差距”，符合文章内容，D选项正确。A选项“电话越来越少应该引起年轻人的关注”，从这两位的话语，并不能体现这个内容，可排除A。B选项“通讯方式的改变从根本上改变了人们的生活”，文中只是说父母和年轻人的通讯方式不一样，并没有从根本上发生改变。B选项可排除。C选项“接电话对年轻人造成很大的压力”，年轻人只是不喜欢接电话，并不是说接电话会让他们产生较大的压力。因此正确答案为D选项。3. 翻译题巩固和加强同广大发展中国家的团结与合作，始终是中国外交的基本立足点，也是中国全方位对外合作的重要组成部分。历史证明，只要我们从长远考虑，妥善处理彼此的分歧，我们就能在国际经济、贸易、金融、环境等重大问题上发出一致声音，提高我们的影响力，维护我们的共同利益。近年来，中国对与其他发展中国家合作的投入不断增加，合作的形式日益丰富。虽然中国本身受到金融危机的严峻影响，中国仍将在力所能及的范围内继续向其他发展中国家提供援助。中国领导人相继提出了同发展中国家加强合作、实现共同发展的重大举措。作为人口众多的发展中国家，中国面临加快自身发展的问题。中国将始终不渝地奉行互利共赢的开放战略，与广大发展中国家一道，为推动建设一个更加和谐、繁荣的世界做出贡献。【答案】To consolidate and strengthen solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries, is always the fundamental standpoint of Chinas diplomacy, is also a comprehensive international cooperation is an important part of China. History proves that as long as we think about the longer term, properly handle their differences, we can in the international economic and trade on such major issues consistent sound financial environment, improve our influence, our common interests. In recent years, Chinas investment in cooperation with other developing countries continue to increase, in the form of cooperation is becoming more and more rich. Although China itself is affected by the serious financial crisis, China will still be within the scope of the power to continue to provide assistance to other developing countries. Chinas leaders have been put forward to strengthen cooperation with developing countries a major measure for achieving common development. As a populous developing country, China is faced with the problem of accelerating the development of their own. China will unswervingly pursue the win-win strategy of opening up, along with developing countries, to promote the construction of a more harmonious and prosperous world.4. 单选题On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet. Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however, childrens leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%.“Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of childrens timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids aged 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If theyre spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids arent replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Lets face it, whos got the time?1. By mentioning “the same time crunch” (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means _.2. According to the author: the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is _.3. According to the author a child develops better if _.4. The author is concerned about the fact that American kids_.5. We can infer from the passage that_.问题1选项A.children have little time to play with their parentsB.children are not taken good care of by their working parentsC.parents and children suffer from lack of leisure timeD.both parents and children have trouble managing their time问题2选项A.quite convincingB.partially trueC.totally groundlessD.rather confusing问题3选项A.he has plenty of time reading and studyingB.he is left to play with his peers in his own wayC.he has more time participating in school activitiesD.he is free to interact with his working parents问题4选项A.are engaged in more and more structured activitiesB.are increasingly neglected by their working mothersC.are spending more and more time watching TVD.are involved less and less in household work问题5选项A.extracurricular activities promote childrens intelligenceB.most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched offC.efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitfulD.most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干，可以定位到文章第二段第一句Children are affected by the same time crunch(危机) that affects their parents.（孩子们和他们的父母一样，也受到时间短缺的影响）。C选项“父母和孩子都因缺乏闲暇时间而受苦”，根据文章内容，C选项符合句意，因此C选项正确。A选项“孩子们几乎没有时间和父母一起玩”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“孩子们没有得到工作的父母很好的照顾”，文章没有提到这一点，因此可排除。D选项“父母和孩子都在管理他们的时间上有困难”，不符合题意，可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】作者意图题。根据题干我们可以定位到文章第二段第一句Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机) that affects their parents.（孩子们的影响同时紧缩（危机），影响他们的父母）。B选项“部分正确”，B选项符合句意。A选项“十分信服”，作者并没有认为她给出的理由是十分信服的。C选项“完全没有事实根据”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“令人困惑的”，不符合题意，可排除。因此B选项为正确答案。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“他有大量的时间阅读和学习”，文中最后一段所说孩子们每周花在阅读上的时间只有一个多小时，因此A可排除。B选项“他只能以自己的方式和同龄人玩游戏”，这里符合文章倒数第二段内容“自由玩耍鼓励孩子们独立思考，并允许他们与同龄人协商他们的关系”，因此可推测和同龄人玩耍会使孩子发展得更好，因此B选项正确。C选项“他有更多的时间参加学校活动”，参加学校活动，导致儿童的闲暇时间减少，因此不利于儿童发展，C选项可排除。D选项“他可以自由地和他上班的父母交流”，文章所说由于父母上班，导致儿童与父母之间的交流减少，因此D选项可排除。因此B选项为正确答案。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第二句They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet.（她们也做更多的家务，参加更多的有组织的活动，如足球和芭蕾舞。）A选项“are engaged in more and more structured activities”（正在参与越来越多的有组织的活动），符合文章所说的内容，儿童参加越来越多有组织的活动，因此A选项正确。B选项“越来越多的小孩被工作的母亲所忽视”，文章所说，只是两者之间交流时间减少，因此不符合题意，可排除B选项。C选项“花越来越多的时间看电视”，文章最后一段所说“孩子们把他们迅速减少的四分之一的空闲时间花在看电视上”，因此C不符合题意，可排除。D选项“家务活越来越少了”，文章第一段所说“她们也做更多的家务”，因