2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试题库及模拟押密卷27（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 不定项选择题A finalist in a youth oratorical contest, Ceciles speech focuses on a history of Americans and the world turning their backs on injustice, losing sight of “our humanitarian obligation.” The unconscionable acts of history are repeating, but the world is “bickering over the terminology that is used to describe what Darfur is facing,” she said, with a swing of her hip and an indignant glare.How could the United States that bonded after Sept. 11, 2001, leave people on rooftops surrounded by floodwaters almost four years later, she questioned. It all comes down to “people neglecting people, ” she said matter-of-factly.“Everybody is part of Gods creation. Everybody deserves help. We all are going to need it eventually in our lifetime, and for us to neglect anyone from anywhere is just horrible,” Cecile said, shaking her head.Emoni draws parallels between the Holocaust and current events in Africa by citing a lack of guidance, understanding and compassion.“How can we say hope for those unseen when we do not help them have hope or believe there is hope because we cant see them?” the Godwin Middle School student asked, nearly making the walls shake with her emphasis on the word “we”.The world has a history of great leaders who brought international wrongs to light, she said, jabbing her index finger into the air in front of her. The situation in Darfur has primarily been ignored because the world lacks a powerful leader to get that message out, she said, furiously pacing the classroom floor.“I think if people learn about it and they hear about itif they understood it, then we can make a difference,” Emoni said, getting to the heart of her argument.All three students understand it could be their voice that motivates the masses tomorrow. Their speeches could bring the issues into the light as they follow the tradition of great orators before them on the day honoring one of the greatest.After careful, quiet consideration, Seth said the contest and celebration would have moved King.“It is the little people trying to make a difference, reciting speeches and all of this. He can feel happy that his work, like, what he left behind, is still going on as if he was here today,” he said.“And how did he start it? He started it through his voice, you know. Through just speaking up for what is right. And not being afraid of what people think of you, but knowing what is right and setting aside all other things,” an excited and boisterous Cecile said.53. The word “boisterous” in the last paragraph can be substituted by（ ）.54. In her speech, Cecile, a finalist in a youth oratorical contest accuses America of（ ）.55. Emoni, another contestant, compared the Holocaust to current events in Africa by not citing（ ）.56. Emoni said the world lacks（ ）.57. Emonis main points did not include（ ）.58. Seth, another contestant, said if Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. were there, he would（ ）.问题1选项A.loudB.quiteC.niceD.noisy问题2选项A.fulfilling humanitarian obligationsB.promoting justice worldwideC.neglecting peopleD.using terminology to describe what Darfur is facing问题3选项A.lack of foodB.lack of guidanceC.lack of understandingD.lack of compassion问题4选项A.a powerful leader to crush wrongB.a powerful leader to bring international wrong to lightC.someone who understands the problemD.someone who cares about injustice问题5选项A.only listening and learningB.hearing and learningC.understandingD.making a difference问题6选项A.be afraid of what people would thinkB.not know what is right in todays worldC.feel happy that his work was still going onD.want the student to study harder【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A第6题:C【解析】53.【试题答案】D【试题解析】词义辨析题。根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句an excited and boisterous Cecile said（兴奋而喧闹的塞西尔说），文章开头就提到了文章是辩论赛的决赛，那么辩论赛的现场应该是兴奋而又喧闹的，所以可推测boisterous指的应该是“喧闹的”。D选项“嘈杂的；喧闹的”，符合文章词义，D选项正确。A选项“大声的”，跟“喧闹”有一定的区别，可排除。B选项“相当”，不符合文章内容，可排除。C选项“精密的，美好的”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。54.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第一段the world turning their backs on injustice, losing sight of our humanitarian obligation. The world is “bickering over the terminology that is used to describe what Darfur is facing,”（全世界对不公正置之不理，忽视了我们的人道主义义务。世界正在为描述达尔富尔所面临的问题的术语而争吵）这是Cecile对整个世界的控诉，不是对美国的控诉。第二段的内容才是对美国的控诉，即It all comes down to people neglecting people.（这一切都归结于人们忽视他人），C选项“忽视人民”符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“履行人道主义义务”，文章提到，忽视了我们的人道主义义务，A选项可排除。B选项“促进全球正义”，不符合文章内容，可排除。D选项“用术语来描述达尔富尔所面临的问题”，文章提到世界正在为描述达尔富尔所面临的问题的术语而争吵，并没有用术语解决问题，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。55.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第四段Emoni draws parallels between the Holocaust and current events in Africa by citing a lack of guidance, understanding and compassion.（Emoni以缺乏指导、理解和同情为例，将大屠杀和非洲的当前事件进行了对比），A选项“食物的缺乏”，没有提及，可排除。B选项“缺乏指导”、C选项“缺乏理解”，D选项“缺乏同情心”，文章提到，Emoni以缺乏指导、理解和同情为例。可排除B、C、D选项。因此A选项正确。56.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第六段第二句The situation in Darfur has primarily been ignored because the world lacks a powerful leader to get that message out（达尔富尔的局势基本上被忽视了，因为世界缺乏一个强有力的领导人来传达这一信息），这句话中“get that message out”的意思是“将这个信息曝光，让人们知道”，等同“bring sth to light”。B选项“一个揭露国际错误的强大领袖”，符合文章内容。A选项“一个强有力的领导者，可以粉碎错误”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“一个理解问题的人”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“一个关心不公正的人”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此B选项正确。57.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第七段“I think if people learn about it and they hear about it . . . if they understood it, then we can make a difference,” Emoni said, getting to the heart of her argument（我认为，如果人们了解它，听到它如果他们能理解，我们就能有所作为，埃莫尼说，直指她的核心论点），选项A“只听和学”，文章埃莫尼的论点，没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“听力和学习”，文章提到，人们听力和学习，可排除B选项。C选项“理解”，文章提到，他们能理解，可排除C选项。D选项“有所作为”，文章提到，如果他们能理解，就会有所作为，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。58.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据倒数第二段第二句He can feel happy that his work, like, what he left behind, is still going on as if he was here today（他会感到高兴，他的工作，他留下的东西，还在继续，就像他今天还在这里一样）。C选项“很高兴，他的工作还在继续”，符合文章的内容，C选项正确。A选项“害怕别人的想法”，文章没有提到，他会害怕别人的想法，可排除。B选项“不知道在当今世界什么是对的”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“希望学生学习更加努力”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项正确。2. 不定项选择题Corporate and financial restructuring was not the reason for Japans commercial（31）. But it will be essential to the countrys future. Japans（32）production capacity will disappear. That fact, combined with the（33）labor force, will gradually depress the long-term growth rate to just 1 percent for two decades. Such a tepid growth rate could invite a financial crisis. The national debt has reached a vertiginous 160 percent of GDP.（34）this problem is the impending retirement of a large proportion of the work force. To thwart these trends, Japan must（35）taxes significantly, something that will only be possible if aggressive structural reforms have been put in place to raise production capacity and facilitate faster growth.Japan, however, is having second thoughts about the benefits of reform. The first warning（36）was a series of bureaucratic attempts to prevent foreigners from earning “inordinate” profits from the（37）in the economy. Tokyo decided last year to impose a tax on foreign investors in Japanese real（38）. The government has also proposed a levy on foreign private-equity that would allow domestic companies to use “poison pills” and other measures to prevent（39）mergers and acquisitions. The cumulative effect of these initiatives would be to（40）the catalytic process of foreign direct investment.问题1选项A.boomB.prosperityC.flowerD.resurgence问题2选项A.extraB.surplusC.additionalD.more问题3选项A.growingB.expandingC.shrinkingD.contracting问题4选项A.ExacerbatingB.ImprovingC.Turning for the betterD.Deteriorate问题5选项A.hikeB.decreaseC.go upD.go down问题6选项A.signB.signalC.arrivalD.coming问题7选项A.addictionB.tangleC.involvementD.entanglement问题8选项A.propertyB.housingC.possessionsD.estate问题9选项A.friendlyB.kindC.hostileD.cruel问题10选项A.encourageB.discourageC.pushD.drag【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A第6题:B第7题:C第8题:D第9题:C第10题:B【解析】31.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项boom“繁荣”；B选项prosperity“繁荣，成功”；C选项flower“花，精华”；D选项resurgence“复活，再现”，根据上下文，可推测，这里应该讲的日本商业繁荣，可排除C、D选项，commercial boom“商业繁荣”为固定搭配，可排除B选项。句意：公司和金融重组不是日本商业的原因。因此A选项正确。32.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查形容词词词义辨析。A选项extra“额外的”；B选项surplus“剩余的，过剩的”；C选项additional“附加的”；D选项more“更多的”。四个选项中的词都有“过多，额外”的意思，又根据“production capacity生产能力”，可知此处表示的应该是“生产力过剩”，即“surplus production capacity”。句意：日本的生产能力将会消失。因此B选项正确。33.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项growing“生长；发育”；B选项expanding“扩大；扩展”；C选项shrinking“缩水，收缩”；D选项contracting“收缩，缩小”，前面提到生产力过剩将会消失，后面又提到增长率的下降，所以我们可知该空表达的是“劳动力区域短缺”，即“shrinking labor force”，因为生产力不足结合劳动力不足，就会导致增产率的下降，甚至招来金融危机。因此C选项正确。34.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项Exacerbating“恶化”；B选项Improving“提高；改善”；C选项Turning for the better“好转”；D选项Deteriorate“恶化”。该空前一句的意思是“国民债务已经达到了GDP的160%”。所以此处的意思是“大量的劳动力的即将退休将会加剧这个问题”，四个选项中表示“加剧，恶化”的是A。D虽然也有此意，但形式不对，应该用动词ing的形式。因此A选项正确。35.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项hike“远足”；B选项decrease“减少，减小”；C选项go up“增长；上升”；D选项go down“下降”。如果要解决前面的问题，就必须增收赋税。四个选项中hike, go up 表示“提高”，但是“go up”是不及物动词，只能表示“tax goes up”，所以答案为A。因此A选项正确。36.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项sign“迹象”；B选项signal“信号；暗号”；C选项arrival“到来；到达”；D选项coming“到来”。warning signal表示警告信号，符合文章内容。warning sign通常表示警告牌，警告标志，可排除。因此B选项正确。37.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项addiction“上瘾，沉溺”；B选项tangle“缠结，混乱”；C选项involvement“参与，牵连”；D选项entanglement“纠缠”。后面三个选项意思相近，这里有固定搭配，involvement in the economy“经济干预，经济参与”。句意：第一个警告信号是一系列的官僚主义企图阻止外国人从经济赚取“过多”的利润。因此C选项正确。38.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项property“性质，性能”；B选项housing“房屋”；C选项possessions“财产，所有物”；D选项estate“房地产，财产”。固定词组，real estate房地产。句意：日本政府去年决定对外国投资者征收日本税。因此D选项正确。39.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项friendly“友好的，亲切的”；B选项kind“和蔼的，宽容的”；C选hostile“敌对的，敌方的”；D选项cruel“残酷的，残忍的”。固定搭配，hostile merger and acquisition恶意并购，恶意收购。该句子的意思是“阻止恶意兼并”。句意：政府还提议对外国私募股权投资征税，这将允许国内公司使用“毒丸”和其他措施来阻止宗合并和收购。因此C选项正确。40.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项encourage“鼓励，怂恿”；B选项discourage“阻止，使气馁”；C选项push“推动，增加”；D选项drag“拖拉，拖曳”。前面提到了日本对外商采取的措施：阻止外商通过参与日本经济从中获利；增加外商在日本房地产业的税收；阻止恶意并购。这些措施都会阻止外商在日本的直接投资，所以表示“阻止”的B选项。句意：这些倡议的累积效果将是外国直接投资的催化过程。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题On behalf of my company, I am（ ）to you and your colleagues for your generous help.问题1选项A.subjectedB.inclinedC.availableD.obliged【答案】D【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项subject与to搭配，意思是“隶属于”；B选项incline to“倾向于”；C选项available to“供给”；D选项obliged to“感激”，句意：我代表我的公司，对你和你的同事们的慷慨帮助表示感谢。A，B，C项都不符合题意，故选D。4. 单选题I didnt know it then, but this disruptive way of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up.问题1选项A.harmfulB.persistentC.interruptiveD.characteristic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。disruptive在句中是“破坏性的，扰乱性的”；A选项harmful“有害的”；B选项persistent“持久稳固的”；C选项interruptive“中断的，阻碍的”；D选项characteristic“有特征的”，句意：我当时不知道，但这种颠覆性的阅读方式始于我捡到的第一本小说。因此只有C项符合。5. 不定项选择题The history of AfricanAmericans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated（61）an ongoing struggle against（62）and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle（63）as an upward movement is（64）toward ever more justice and opportunity.Technology in and of（65）is not at fault; its much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics（66）been the enemy of an（67）group of people. A certain machine is put（68）work in a certain way the purpose（69）which it was designed. The people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to（70）a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply,（71）the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization（72）the Renaissance.Mastery of technology is second only（73）money as the true measure of accomplishment in this country, and it is very likely that by（74）this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining the folkways that have（75）it, blacks are allowing（76）to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, however, they will be（77）from the greatest cash engine of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs（78）ring the decay of Hartford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating or encountering the tragedy of the inner city.And blacks must change as well. The ways that（79）their ancestors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to lose their utility. If blacks（80）to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now.问题1选项A.likeB.asC.forD.with问题2选项A.charityB.clarityC.cohesionD.oppression问题3选项A.chartingB.chartsC.chartedD.to chart问题4选项A.progressingB.progressedC.clutchedD.clutching问题5选项A.itselfB.themselvesC.ourselvesD.himself问题6选项A.haveB.to haveC.hasD.to has问题7选项A.entirelyB.enterC.entireD.entrance问题8选项A.forB.offC.onD.at问题9选项A.forB.toC.withD.before问题10选项A.envelopB.accomplishC.envelopingD.accomplishing问题11选项A.followedB.followsC.to followD.following问题12选项A.sinceB.onC.inD.at问题13选项A.beforeB.toC.withD.from问题14选项A.to tolerateB.tolerateC.toleratedD.tolerating问题15选项A.encounteredB.encounteringC.to encounterD.encounters问题16选项A.themB.usC.themselvesD.ourselves问题17选项A.excludingB.includedC.includingD.excluded问题18选项A.whereB.thatC.howD.what问题19选项A.servicingB.encircleC.encirclingD.served问题20选项A.isB.wereC.areD.have【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A第6题:C第7题:C第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:D第12题:A第13题:B第14题:D第15题:A第16题:C第17题:D第18题:B第19题:D第20题:C【解析】61.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查短语搭配和句意理解。be narrated as“被描述为”。句意：在过去的400年里，美国黑人的历史被传统地描述为是对漠然和压迫的不断斗争。结合句意，故选B。62.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项charity“慈善”；B项clarity“清晰；明确”；C项cohesion“粘合；结合”；D项oppression“镇压，压迫”。句意：在过去的400年里，美国黑人的历史被传统地描述为是对漠然和压迫的不断斗争。结合句意，选D.63.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查被动语态和句意理解。根据句意可知，该空应为被动语态，所以选C项charted，表示“被规划为向上运动的斗争”。64.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查语法和词义。根据句意用进行时态，排除B，C二项；选表示趋向的动词progress“前进，进步”，D项Clutching“紧握，抓住”，所以选A。65.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查语法知识。in and of oneself为固定搭配，意为“事物内部及其本身”，句意：科技内部及它本身并没有错，根据句意，technology为主语，应该用单数，所以选A。66.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查语法知识。根据就近原则，谓语动词应与主语fiber optics“纤维光学”保持一致，这个词意义上为单数，所以选用单数形式has。67.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查语法知识。根据空格前后可知，此处用形容词，排除A，B，D；an entire group of “整组”，选择C项。68.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查短语搭配。句意：某些工具被用于工作。Put sth at work“把某物用于工作方面”，所以答案为D。69.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查短语搭配。be designed for“为而设计的”。句意：为了这个目的而设计的。所以答案为A。70.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词义和动词用法。正确的用法是try to do sth，首先排除C和D项。A项 envelop“包装，遮盖”；B项accomplish“完成”。根据文意，这里应填的意思是完成任务，所以选B。71.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查语法。用动词的进行时表示动作的伴随，此外follow的逻辑主语是前面的they，所以用主动语态，选D。72.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查句意理解。根据文章的意思，这里应填“从文艺复兴开始”，所以选since。73.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查固定搭配。be second to“仅次于”。句意：掌握技术是仅次于金钱的真正衡量这个国家成就的第二标准。74.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查介词用法。by是介词，后应该跟动词ing形式，只有D符合。75.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查完成时时态。动词的完成时的结构为have +done，encounter的过去分词形式为encountered，所以答案为A。76.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查句意理解。这里应填反身代词，排除A和B。又根据句意，应是“他们自己”，所以选C。77.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查固定短语。be excluded from“排除，不包括在内”。句意：然而这次他们将不在二十一世纪最伟大的现金制造机的范围内。所以选D。78.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查定语从句。这是一个定语从句，从句部分缺少主语，所以选that。79.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查定语从句。这是一个定语从句，从句缺少谓语，所以排除A和C。另外根据后面主句中的时态“have begun”，可知前面的从句是一个过去时的句子，所以选D。句意：那些曾经服务于他们祖先的方法已经失去了效用。80.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考察一般条件句。根据主句可知是一般条件句，不能用虚拟语气，需用一般现在时，所以选C。句意：如果黑人要作为这个社会的正式参与者生存下去，他们就必须明白现在什么是有效的。6. 单选题He（ ）the theory, the philosophy and the pattern that became the model for Lis own military forces later.问题1选项A.furnishedB.decoratedC.polishedD.meditated【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项furnish“提供”；B选项decorate“修饰”；C选项polish“使完美，完善”；D选项meditate“冥想”。根据题干可知，可推测这里应当填入一个表示完成的动词，C选项符合题干内容。句意：他的理论，哲学和模式，成为后来李自己的军队的模型。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题His office is（ ）to the Presidents; it usually takes him about three minutes to get there.问题1选项A.relatedB.adhesiveC.adherentD.adjacent【答案】D【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项related to“相关，有联系”；B选项adhesive to“粘合，黏附”；C选项adherent to“坚持于”；D选项adjacent to“邻近，毗邻”，句意：他的办公室离总统的很近，花大约三分钟就可以到，所以选D。8. 单选题The fact that they reacted so differently was a reflection of their different（ ）.问题1选项A.performancesB.personalitiesC.qualitiesD.debut【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项performance“表现”，B项personality“人格，个性”，C项quality“质量”，D项debut“初次登台，开张”。句意：他们的反应如此不同，反映了他们不同的个性。根据句意，该题选B正确。9. 单选题In times of economic difficulty, governmental budgets for education are often slashed before any others.问题1选项A.shiftedB.cutC.checkedD.donated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。slash表示“猛砍，削减”。A项shift“转移，快速转移”，B项cut“割破，砍，削减”，C项check“检查”，D项donate“捐赠”。句意：在经济困难时期，政府经常首先削减教育预算。根据句意，该题选B正确。10. 翻译题2. Translate the following passage into English.和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平，加强友好合作，促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民、犯罪、人口膨胀、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等问题仍然严峻，影响着全球的稳定与发展。中国与西方国家虽然国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上具有广泛一致的利益。我对中国同西方各国关系的改善与发展感到高兴。中国政府和人民愿在相互新生和平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的世界各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。【答案】参考译文：Peace and development are the two major themes in todays world. The maintenance of world peace, strengthening friendship and cooperation and promoting common development are the common aspiration of all peoples. At present, poverty, unemployment, refugees, crime, a population explosion, environmental degradation, drug trafficking, terrorism and other issues are still severe and affect global stability and development. Although China and western countries have different national conditions, both sides have broadly consistent interests in a series of major international issues. I am delighted to see the improvement and development of the connection between China and west countries. The government and people of China would like to devote to the great peace and development on the basis of mutual trust and equality and mutual benefit with all the people and all the governments including west countries.11. 单选题Many people think that the standards of public（ ）have declined.问题1选项A.moralityB.rightnessC.awarenessD.mentality【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项morality“道德，品行”，B项rightness“公正，正直”，C项awareness“意识，认识”，D项mentality“心态”。句意：许多人认为公共道德标准下降了。根据句意，该题选A正确。12. 问答题Directions: After you have read the following passage, write out a summary in English whit about 70 to 90 words. Put your summary on the ANSWER SHEET.What is Society?Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually beneficial to the individual members. Societies operate as a whole, as a collective body, chiefly in ways that look out for the highest common good of all. Members have specific roles and responsibilities within the society. One of the best direct analogies is with the human body itself. The cells are all alive, independently, yet they group together and establish roles, responsibilities, and relationships that allow a greater whole to exist that is more than just the sum of the parts. The cells gain from the specific roles they play because they are allowed to be what they are more effectively. Further, they are given a limited awareness of the whole that their efforts aid in creating.Similarly, when individual human beings group together to form societies, an organization is created in which the members are the cells. Subgroups of the members may form organs through which higher level functions can then manifest. If the relationships are loose, the body created has limited functionality over that of any individual member because there is little synergy. When the relationships are close and founded on a basis of love, the body thus created has significant functionality over that of the individuals. When the group is small, few organs can be cre