2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库及模拟押密卷50（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题We are at a serious disadvantage in （ ） we have nobody properly qualified for the work问题1选项A.thisB.thatC.whichD.whom【答案】B【解析】考察固定搭配。in that 为固定搭配，意思是“由于，因为”。句意：我们现在处于非常不利的局面，因为我们没有胜任这份工作的人选。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题I wish （ ）that much money last month.问题1选项A.I had not spentB.did not spentC.would not have spentD.have not spent【答案】A【解析】考察虚拟语气。根据last month可知此处是与过去事实相反的情况，因此wish后面要用过完完成时态。选项A符合题意。句意：我希望我上个月没花这么多钱。3. 单选题（ ） the enormous flow of food from the entire globe, these countries have for many years not felt any population pressure.问题1选项A.Thanks toB.By means ofC.In line withD.With regard to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A项thanks to表示“多亏；幸亏”；B项by means of 表示“凭借，通过”；C项in line with表示“与一致”；D项with regard to表示“关于，至于”。句意：多亏了全球食物的大流动，这些国家已经很多年没有感受过任何人口的压力。故本题正确答案为A项。4. 单选题Being（ ）your job is fine, of course, but you shouldnt let work eat up all your leisure time.问题1选项A.trapped inB.committed toC.convinced ofD.confronted with【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项be trapped in表示“被困在；陷入困境”；B选项be committed to表示“致力于；委身于”；C选项be convinced of表示“确信；认识到”；D选项be confronted with表示 “面临，面对”。根据you shouldnt let work eat up all your leisure time可知，虽然致力于工作是好的，但你不应该让工作占据所有的休闲时间。因此，B选项最符合句意，故本题正确答案为B。5. 单选题Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to （ ）the isolation of life in Alaska.问题1选项A.break throughB.break downC.break intoD.break out【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A项break through表示“突破，突围”；B项break down 表示“打破；出故障”；C项break into表示“闯入”；D项break out表示“突发，爆发”。根据Modern forms of transportation and communication以及isolation可知，句意应为现代交通运输和通信方式非常有利于打破阿拉斯加生活的闭塞，因此本题正确答案为B项。6. 单选题The president made a （ ）speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.问题1选项A.vigorousB.tediousC.flatD.harsh【答案】A【解析】句意:校长在运动会的开幕式上做了慷慨激昂的演讲，这极大地鼓舞了运动员们。考查形容词辨析。vigorous 充满活力的，精力充沛的;tedious 冗长的，啰唆的，单调乏味的；flat 平淡的，单调的，平坦的；harsh 严酷的，严厉的，恶 劣的。根据后半句句意可知A正确。7. 单选题The innocent child objected to（ ） like this.问题1选项A.treatingB.be treatedC.have been treatedD.being treated【答案】D【解析】考察固定搭配。object to 后面要接doing，因此to在这里是介词。根据前后文可知这些无辜的孩子是“被对待”，所以要用被动语态，因此选项D符合题意。句意：那些无辜的孩子反对被这样对待。8. 单选题The policemen went into action （ ）they heard the alarm.问题1选项A.promptlyB.directlyC.quicklyD.presently【答案】B【解析】句意:警察一听到警报就马上行动了起来。语法题。考查连词。分析题干可知,此处需填入连词连接前后句子。只有B项directly能够作连词，表示“一就”。9. 翻译题A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.According to the traditional Chinese lunar calendar, well officially welcome the Year of the Horse following the arrival of Spring Festival.The horse has played an important rote throughout human history all over the world. Horses were used for thousands of years as a means of transport, a weapon of war and a plougher of fields, but the horse was more than just a vehicleit had more character than a car, a tank or a tractor. In the Middle Ages in Western societies, the horse was a symbol of chivalry （骑士精神） and nobility. In fact, the word chivalry，coines from “cheval” in Old French, which meant horse. The idea of chivalry helped to fashion the 19th-century concept of the “gentleman”，which was related to courtesy, courage and loyalty to friends. Nowadays, because of economic development, people in Modem societies are less likely to see or ride horses. People living in cities, in particular, hardly ever experience horses except through movies, paintings or books.Besides their physical strengths, horses have powerful brains. Maybe thats why the Chinese idiom says: “An old horse never gets lost”. Since the horse is honored as a symbol of vigor, loyalty, persistence and intelligence, people bom in the Year of the Horse are said to share such good qualities.B. Translate the following paragraphs into English.中国作为文明古国，同样有着辉煌的城市发展史。中国的城市也具有自身特色。改革开放30多年来，中国工业化、城镇化(urbanization)步伐明显加快，城镇居民从1.7亿人增加到近7亿人，形成了一批有重要影响与发展活力的城市群，促进了经济发展和社会进步。 城市化对经济、社会、文化都有巨大而深远的影响。面向未来，中国致力于推动科学发展， 加快转变经济发展方式，把城镇化作为现代化建设的重大战略。【答案】A.按照中国农历，随着春节的到来，我们将正式迎来马年。在世界各国，马在人类历史上都扮演着举足轻重的角色。数千年来，马被用作运输工具、战争武器以及犁地农具。但其实，马不仅仅是一种交通工具，其地位要远超汽车、坦克和拖拉机。在中世纪的西方社会，马是骑士精神和贵族的象征。实际上，骑士精神chivalry词来源于古法语中的“马(cheval)”。在骑士精祌的推动下，19世纪代表礼貌、勇气和真诚的“绅士粘祌”成为一种风尚。如今，随着经济的发展，现代社会的人很少看到马或骑 马。尤其是城市中的人们，除了通过电影、绘画和书籍，几乎没有接触过马。马除了健壮的体魄外，还拥有强大的头脑，这或许就是成语“老马识途”的由來吧。马是活力、忠诚、毅力和智慧的象征，因此传说属马之人也具备这些优良品质。B.China, a country with an ancient civilization, also has a proud history of urban development. Chinese cities are also unique in their own ways. Since the launching of reform and opening-up program over 30 years ago, China has quickened the pace of industrialization and urbanization, with urban population increasing from 170 million to some 700 million. The emergence of a number of city clusters with strong influence and dynamism for development has boosted economic development and social progress. Urbanization has a tremendous and profound impact on economy, society and culture. Going forward, China will pursue development in a scientific way, accelerate shift of the growth model and take urbanization as an important strategy for promoting modernization.10. 单选题If a person fails to conform to conventional behavior, he is likely to be by others.问题1选项A.preservedB.instructedC.avoidedD.selected【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据关键信息fails to conform to conventional behavior可知，这种行为不合常规。那么别人有可能会因此生厌，敬而远之。词组be avoided by others表示“被他人远离（或排挤）”，最符合句意，A选项preserved表示“保护，保存”；B选项instructed表示“指示，教育，指导”；C选项表示“”；D选项selected表示“选择，挑选”。因此，本题正确答案为C项。【句意】如果一个人行为不合常规，那么别人很可能对他敬而远之。11. 翻译题A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.The air we breathe is so freely available that we take it for granted. Yet without it we could not survive more than a few minutes. For the most part, the same air is available to everyone, and everyone needs it. Some people use the air to sustain them while they sit around and feel sorry for themselves. Others breathe in the air and use the energy it provides to make a magnificent life for themselves.Opportunity is the same way. It is everywhere. Opportunity is so freely available that we take it for granted. Yet opportunity alone is not enough to create success. Opportunity must be seized and acted upon in order to have value. So many people are so anxious to “get in” on a “ground floor opportunity, as if the opportunity will do all the work. Thats impossible. Just as you need air to breathe, you need opportunity to succeed. It takes more than just breathing in the fresh air of opportunity, however. You must make use of that opportunity. Thats not up to the opportunity. Thats up to you. It doesnt matter what “floor” the opportunity is on. What matters is what you do with it.B. Translate the following passage into English.如果失败了你会怎么做？很多人可能会选择放弃。然而，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。在通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。它就像一盏灯，在黑暗中为你指路，帮助你度过难关。否则，你很容易就会迷失方向或犹豫不前。方向意味着目标，人生如果没有目标，将一事无成。你可以试着把你的目标写在纸上，并制定实现目标的计划。这样，你就会懂得如何合理安排时间，如何正确地支配时间。而且你还要有这 样的信念：只要你一直坚持自己的方向，你就一定可以成功。【答案】A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.【参考译文】我们所呼吸的空气触手可及，以至于我们将其视为理所当然。然而，倘若没有空气，我们只能存活几分钟。大多数情况下，每个人都能呼吸到同样的空气，也都需要空气。有的人一边坐着自怨自艾，一边又呼吸空气来维持生命。另一些人却呼吸空气，并利用空气提供的能量为自己创造美好的生活。机遇也是如此。它无处不在。机遇是如此唾手可得，以至于我们将其当作理所当然。然而，只有机遇不足以创造成功。为了让机遇有价值，必须抓住机遇并采取行动。很多人都急于抓住“先机”，好像抓住机遇就会一劳永逸，这是不可能的。正如你需要空气来呼吸一样，你也需要获得成功的机遇。然而，成功不仅仅是呼吸到机遇的新鲜空气。你必须利用所获得的机遇。对机遇的利用不取决于机遇，而取决于你。机遇处于什么“阶段”不重要，最重要的是你如何利用它。B. Translate the following passage into English.【参考译文】What would you do if you failed? Many people may choose to give up. However, the reliable way to success is to adhere to your direction and goal. On the way to success, you must keep your direction. It is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and helping you pull though. Otherwise, you will easily get lost or hang back. Direction means goals. Nothing can be done without a goal in your life. You can try to write down your goals and make some plans to achieve them. In this way, you will know how to arrange and use your time properly. Furthermore, you should have a belief that you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.12. 翻译题Translate the following into English (15%)在团队内部建立友谊团队的领导者耍懂得如何利用友谊的力量来加强团队合作。在正式的团体会议中，营造一种轻松、友好的气氛非常重要。要努力创造一种氛围使每个成员的发言都得到充分的尊重，让每个人可以畅所欲言。想做到这一点，就要使队员们尽量以朋友，而非同事的方式，来处理相互关系；鼓励每个成员在工作、会议之外进行交谈，多作接触，在轻松的气氛中自由地交换意见和看法。多安排社交活动，创造大家在工作之余聚会碰头的机会，在取得成功时举办庆祝活动等，都有利于团队成员之间建立真正的朋友关系，有利于团结团队，使之成为一个整体。【答案】Build Friendship in a TeamTeam leader should know how to enhance teamwork by using the power of friendship. In a formal group meeting, efforts should be made to build a pleasant and friendly atmosphere in which each members speech is fully respected and everyone can speak freely. In order to do this, the team member should be regarded as friends not colleagues, and moreover, each of them should be encouraged to communicate and contact after work and meeting and exchange views in a comfortable atmosphere. Organizing social events, creating opportunities for people to meet outside of office, and holding celebrations to celebrate success help to build true friendship and unite the team as a whole.13. 单选题If a man（ ）himself and his family of food in order to buy a cat, we could consider him mad.问题1选项A.deprivedB.robbedC.rejectedD.denied【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项deprive表示“使丧失，剥夺”，deprive sb. of sth表示“从某人处剥夺某物”；B选项rob表示“抢劫，掠夺；非法剥夺”，rob sb of sth表示“抢劫某人的某物；C选项reject表示“拒绝；排斥；抵制；丢弃”；D选项deny表示“否定，否认；拒绝给予”，deny sb. sth表示“拒绝给予某人某物”。根据句意可知，如果一位男士为了买一只猫使得自己和家人没有食物可吃，那么我们会认为他发疯了。故A项deprive（使丧失，剥夺）最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为A项。14. 单选题People buy insurance in order to（ ）a small, certain, tolerable loss for a large, uncertain,catastrophic one.问题1选项A.returnB.substituteC.instituteD.predict【答案】B【解析】考查固定词组搭配。固定搭配substitute .for.表示“用代替”。A选项return表示“返回，报答，回击”；C选项institute表示“实行，授予（学位），提起（诉讼）”；D选项predict表示“预言，预测”。【句意】人们买保险是为了用一个可以确定和容忍的小损失来替代大的、不确定的、灾难性的损失。15. 单选题A healthy trading system requires that countries be both eager exporters and importers. If nations dont spend what they earn abroador if weak economies make them weak importers-then the trading system will collapse. That is todays problem.Where will future trade expansion come from? Europe seems a doubtful candidate. With feeble economic growth, it won t buy a lot more exports. Latin America is in a similar position. Many big countries (Argentina, Brazil) are so burdened by debt that their growth is hobbled and they strive for export surpluses-earning precious dollars-to repay their international loans. As for Africa, its so poor that it hardly matters in global trade.Well, what about Asia? It ought to save the global trading system, but it may do just the opposite. These countries are ferocious exporters; they seem to strive for permanent trade surpluses and hoard their excess export earnings. Consider whats happened to their foreign exchange reserves. Since 1996, the foreign exchange reserves of some major Asian countries have jumped from about $500 billion to more than $1.3 trillion. These funds are typically left in safe investments, such as U.S. Treasury securities. A lot of attention has focused on China, but the problem is larger than China alone.As a result, the trading system lacks circularity. The justification for free trade is that everyone ultimately benefits. Countries do what they do best. Poor countries sell inexpensive labor-intensive goods to wealthy countries and buy sophisticated knowledge-intensive goods. Living standards in all countries rise. Some workers and industries may temporarily lose, but most consumers benefit and most workers are ultimately re-employed in trade-competitive industries. Trade doesnt permanently destroy jobs; spending is circular.If too many countries hoard, the logic of free trade collapses. Trade can become an economic depressant and job destroyer. Too many sellers chase too few buyers. Countries compete for bigger shares of stagnant markets and try to shift unemployment abroad. A great, if silent, struggle has begun. For decades, expanding trade promoted global progress. It reduced poverty and spread prosperity. But if the trading system cant solve its basic problem-over-reliance on the US market-it could foster political division and economic vulnerability for all. Trading patterns must become more balanced and sustainable. 1.Some big Latin America countries are（ ）.2.Which of the following statements about certain regional economy is TRUE?3.According to the author, the free trade system will collapse when（ ）.4.The author strongly advocates that a sustainable free trade system（ ）.5.The last paragraph mainly deals with（ ）.问题1选项A.exporting more for enough foreign currency to pay their debtB.exporting surpluses as to reserve enough precious US dollarsC.using US dollars to pay all their international and domestic debtsD.using exporting as an effective way for their economic prosperity问题2选项A.Europe may help the future world trade expansion.B.Latin Americas debt would hinder its export capacityC.Asia may enhance trade expansion but not spending muchD.Africa finds it hard to emerge in world-trade expansion问题3选项A.trade became economic depressant and job destroyerB.countries tried to shift their unemployment to other nationsC.world trade over relied on the vulnerable U.S. marketD.too many countries are not importing much from other countries问题4选项A.should be changed through international collaborationsB.will definitely become an economic depressant worldwideC.requires a circularity of both importing and exportingD.should encourage buying more from trade-competitive industries问题5选项A.economic balance and sustainabilityB.economic collapse and potential crisisC.trade competition against U.S. marketD.worldwide economic achievement today【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第二段Latin America is in a similar position. Many big countries (Argentina, Brazil) are so burdened by debt that their growth is hobbled, and they strive for export surpluses-earning precious dollarsto repay their international loans.可知，拉丁美洲也处于类似的境地。许多大国(比如阿根廷，巴西)都背负着沉重的债务，经济增长举步维艰，他们努力争取出口盈余赚取宝贵的美元以偿还国际贷款。因此，选项A “出口更多赚外币来偿还债务”符合原文，故本题正确答案为A项。2.推理判断题。根据原文第三段These countries are ferocious exporters; they seem to strive for permanent trade surpluses and hoard their excess export earnings可知，这些国家都是出口大国；他们似乎在争取永久的贸易顺差，并囤积过剩的出口收入。因此，可推测选项C “亚洲可能加强贸易扩张，但不会花太多”正确。3.推理判断题。题干询问：根据作者观点，当时，自由贸易系统会崩溃。根据原文最后一段If too many countries hoard, the logic of free trade collapses可知，如果太多国家囤积，自由贸易的逻辑就会崩溃。因此，结合上下文可推测D选项“太多国家从没有从其他国家大量进口”正确。4.推理判断题。由原文第四段As a result, the trading system lacks circularity. The justification for free trade is that everyone ultimately benefits可知，以往的交易系统缺乏循环性。自由贸易存在的正当之处就是大家最终都能受益。这说明作者认为可持续发展的自由贸易具有循环性。因此，可推测C选项 “要求进口和出口的循环”正确。故本题正确答案为C项。5.推理判断题。题干询问，最后一段主要讲的内容是什么？综合分析可知，文章最后一段主要讨论了贸易在何时会崩溃以及目前国际贸易太依赖美国市场所导致的隐含危机。因此，B选项 “经济崩溃和潜在危机”最符合题意，故本题正确答案为B选项。16. 单选题The university（ ）five schools and twenty-five departments.问题1选项A.be consisted ofB.consists ofC.be consisted byD.be consisted in【答案】B【解析】考查动词用法。动词consist表示“由.组成”，为不及物动词，无被动式。词组consist of表示“（整体）由.（部分）组成”。句意：这所大学由4个学院和25个部门组成。因此，本题正确答案为B项。17. 单选题Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind.In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and “apricot leather”.All foods including watercabbage and other leaf vegetables contains as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is.If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia.The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun.In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulfur before drying.Plums, for making prunes and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so as to Increase the rate of drying.Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically.The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110C at entry to about 43 C at exit.This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish.Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder or by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes.In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes.In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder.Where recognizable places of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions.For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space.They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them.Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.1.The open-air method of drying food（ ）.2.Bacteria which cause food to go bad（ ）.3.Nowadays vegetables are most commonly dried（ ）.4.Dried foods（ ）.5.Housewives like dried foods because they（ ）.问题1选项A.is the one most commonly used todayB.was invented by the American IndiansC.has been known for hundreds of yearsD.tends to be unhygienic问题2选项A.cannot live in sunlightB.are killed by dryingC.are in no way dependent on the water contentD.have their activity greatly reduced by drying问题3选项A.on horizontal cylindersB.in hot-air chambersC.in the sun and windD.using the open tray method问题4选项A.are often packed in cans or frozenB.are used by soldiers and climbersC.need more storage space than soldiers usually have availableD.are much cheaper than canned or frozen products问题5选项A.are quick to prepareB.taste betterC.can be preserved by boiling in waterD.look fresh and appetizing when cooked【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一句话 Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. “几个世纪以前，人类发现去除食物中的水分有助于保存食物，最简单的方法就是将食物暴露在阳光和风下。由此可知将食物放在室外环境中风干的方法在几百年前就为人所知了。故C项符合题意。2.细节事实題。根据文章第二段中的 If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked. “如果这些水分被除去，导致食物变坏的细菌的活动就会被抑制。 故D项 “通过风干，细菌的活动被大大减少。”正确。3.细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第四段 Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110C at entry to about 43 C at exit. This is the usual