2022年考博英语-南昌大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第185期

2022年考博英语-南昌大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Generally speaking, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the concern of state governments.问题1选项A.excessiveB.uniqueC.exclusiveD.inclusive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Excessive “过多的，极度的”；unique “独特的”；exclusive “独有的；排外的”；inclusive “包含的，包括的”。句意：一般来说，州内事务应该是州政府关心的事。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题The new tourist hotel is said to have for over one thousand guests.问题1选项A.convenienceB.capacitiesC.accommodationsD.capability【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。convenience “方便”；capacities “容量；能力” ； accommodations “住房，住宿” ；capability “才能，能力”。句意：据说这家新的旅游旅馆能容纳一千多名客人。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Although most dreams apparently happen , dream activity may be provoked by external influences.问题1选项A.spontaneouslyB.instantlyC.automaticallyD.simultaneously【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。spontaneously “自发地；自然地”；instantly “立即地”；automatically “自动地”；simultaneously “同时地”。根据关键信息external influence “外部影响”，可判断空格处应该填入一个与之相反的词，因此选项A符合题意。句意：虽然大多数梦都是自然发生，但是梦的活动可能由外部影响引起的。4. 单选题Though he wheedled and threatened, she didnt any details of the plan.问题1选项A.give offB.give awayC.give overD.give up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。give off “发出（光）等”；give away “赠送，丧失；泄露”；give over “停止；交出”；give up “放弃；交出”。句意：尽管他时而甜言蜜语，时而威胁，她没有透露计划的任何细节。5. 单选题About 5000 years ago, people in an area north of the Black Sea in southeastern Europe spoke a language called Proto-Indo-European, which is believed to be the ancestor of most European languages. These include the languages that became ancient Greek, ancient German and the ancient Latin.Latin disappeared as a spoken language. Yet it left behind three great languages that became modern Spanish, French and Italian. Ancient German became Dutch, Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish and one of the languages that developed into English.The English language is a result of the invasions of the island of Britain over many hundreds of years. The first invasions were by a people called Angles about 1500 years ago. The Angles were a German tribe （部落）who crossed the English Channel. Later two more groups crossed to Britain. They were the Saxons and the Jutes. These groups found a people called the Celts, who had lived in Britain for many thousands of years. The Celts and the invaders fought. After a while, most of the Celts were killed, or made slaves. Some escaped to live in the area that became Wales. Through the years, the Saxons, Angles and Jute mixed their different languages. The result is what is called Anglo-Saxon or Old English.The next great invasion of Britain came from the far north beginning about 1100 years ago. Fierce people called Vikings invaded the coast areas of Britain. The Vikings came from Denmark, Norway and other northern countries. They were looking to capture trade goods and slaves and take away anything of value. In some areas, the Vikings became so powerful they built temporary bases. These temporary bases sometimes became permanent. Later, many Vikings stayed in Britain. Many English words used today come from these ancient Vikings. Words like “sky，” “leg，” “skill,” “egg，” “crawl,” “lift” and “take” are from the old languages of the far northern countries.The next invasion of Britain took place more than 900 years ago, in 1066. History experts call this invasion the Norman Conquest.1. What is the general idea of the passage?2. Which of the following languages later developed into English?3. Old English is the mixture of the languages spoken by the following tribes which include_.4. Which of the following can best describe Vikings who invaded Britain about 1100 years ago?5. What follows the passage is most probably about .问题1选项A.The early history of the English languageB.The origin of the English languageC.The varieties of the English languageD.The invasions of Britain问题2选项A.Proto-Indo-European languageB.Ancient GreekC.Ancient GermanD.Ancient Latin问题3选项A.The Angles, the Saxons and the CeltsB.The Saxons, the Jutes and the CeltsC.The Angle, the Jutes and the CeltsD.The Angles, the Saxon and the Jutes问题4选项A.They were soldiersB.They were merchantsC.They were piratesD.They were sailors问题5选项A.the impact of the Norman Conquest on the British peopleB.the impact of the Norman Conquest on the English languageC.the important events in the Norman ConquestD.the historical figures in the Norman Conquest【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了英语这门语言的起源以及发展，因此选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段提到的Ancient German became Dutch, Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish and one of the languages that developed into English，可知选项C符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段最后两句话Through the years, the Saxons, Angles and Jute mixed their different languages. The result is what is called Anglo-Saxon or Old English.可知选项D符合题意。4.判断推理题。文章第四段提到他们夺去贸易货物和奴隶，抢走任何有价值的东西(They were looking to capture trade goods and slaves and take away anything of value)，由此可推测他们是海盗，选项C符合题意。5.判断推理题。文章第二段和第三段分别讲述了两次侵略对于英语这门语言的影响，最后一段提到the next invasion，由此可推测接下来会讲述这次侵略对语言的影响，因此选项B符合题意。6. 单选题By signing the lease we made a _ to pay a rent of $150 a week.问题1选项A.conceptionB.commissionC.commitmentD.confinement【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。make a commitment “承诺”。句意：根据所签的租赁合同，我们承诺每周付150美元的租金。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题Being somewhat short-sighted, Sally has developed the habit of at people.问题1选项A.peeringB.gazingC.glancingD.scanning【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。四个单词均有“看”的意思，但又有区别。Peer指当看不清时仔细去端详；gaze表示由于对某事物感兴趣或者惊讶而注视；glance表示快速地瞥一眼；scan表示非常仔细地察看某事物。根据前半句的意思“由于她近视”，因此可知选项A符合题意。句意：由于有点近视，萨丽养成了盯着他人看的习惯。8. 单选题Sometimes patients suffering from severe pain can be helped by “drugs” that arent really drugs at all _ sugar pills that contain no active chemical elements.问题1选项A.or ratherB.rather thanC.other thanD.but rather【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。or rather “倒不如说”；rather than “而不是”；other than“除了，不同于”；but rather “而是”。句意：有时候帮助病人缓解疼痛的药物并不是真正的药物而是一些不含活性化学元素的糖丸。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题That young woman there was a shop assistant; she is now a manager in our supermarket.问题1选项A.beforeB.preliminarilyC.formallyD.formerly【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。Before “以前，过去”；preliminarily “初步地”；formally “正式地”；formerly “以前，原来”。句意：那个女人之前是店员；现在成了一家超市的经理。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题When the British government tried to new employment legislation, there was a general strike.问题1选项A.enhanceB.reinvigorateC.attributeD.implement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。enhance “提高”；reinvigorate “使再振兴”；attribute “归属，归功于”；implement “实施；执行”。句意：当英国政府试图实施新的就业法时，发生了一场大罢工。选项D符合题意。11. 单选题The United States consists of fifty states, has its own government.问题1选项A.each of themB.they eachC.whichD.each of which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：美国由50个州组成，每个州都有自己的政府。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题In a seminar, everyone should take part rather than allow one person to _ the discussion.问题1选项A.overwhelmB.dominateC.oppressD.determine【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。overwhelm “淹没，压倒”；dominate “控制，支配”；oppress “压迫，压抑”；determine “决定；确定”。根据关键信息everyone should take part（每个人都参与）与 one person（一个人），可知前后是两者对比，因此选项B符合题意。句意：在研讨会上，每个人都应该参与讨论而不是让一个人来主导。13. 单选题Although the two players are in the tennis court, they are really good friends in daily life.问题1选项A.partnersB.enemiesC.rivalsD.opponents【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Partner “合作伙伴”；enemy “敌人”；rival “竞争对手”；opponent “反对者”。句意：虽然他们在网球赛场上是竞争对手，但是他们私底下是好朋友。选项C符合题意。14. 单选题Chinese poems have more restrictions with the patterns of at the end of each line than English poems.问题1选项A.rhythmB.rhymeC.soundsD.melody【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。rhythm “节奏，韵律”；rhyme “韵脚；押韵词”；sound “声音”；melody “旋律，歌曲”。句意：与英语诗歌相比，中文诗歌在句尾的押韵上更为严格。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题This is an ideal site for a university it is far from the downtown area.问题1选项A.provided thatB.now thatC.in thatD.so that【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。provided that “如果；条件是”；now that “既然，由于”；in that “因为，由于”；so that “以便，所以”。句意：这里是建大学的理想场所，因为它离市中心很远。选项C符合题意。16. 单选题The manager lost his when he found that his secretary was half hour late for work.问题1选项A.mannerB.moodC.temperD.passion【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。lose ones temper “发脾气”。句意：发现他的秘书上班迟到半小时，经理发了脾气。选项C符合题意。17. 单选题A joke or two always up a lecture, I think.问题1选项A.raiseB.loosenC.livenD.inspire【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。raise “提高”；loosen “放松；松开”；liven “使高兴”，liven up “使有生气”；inspire “激发，鼓舞”。根据关键词a lecture，可知是liven up 符合题意。句意：我认为一两个笑话可以使课堂更有生气。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题By about A.D. D.500 the Mound Builder (筑堤人) culture was declining, perhaps because of attacks from other tribes or perhaps because of severe climatic changes that undermined agriculture. To the west, another culture, based on intensive agriculture, was beginning to flourish. Its center was beneath present-day St. Louis, and it radiated out to encompass most of the Mississippi watershed, from Wisconsin to Louisiana and from Oklahoma to Tennessee. Thousands of villages were included in its orbit. By about A.D. D.700 this Mississippian culture, as is known to archaeologists, began to send its influence eastward to transform the life of most of the less technologically advanced woodland tribes. Like the Mound Builders of the Ohio region, these tribes, probably influenced by Meso-American cultures through trade and warfare, built gigantic mounds as burial and ceremonial places. The largest of them, rising in four terraces to a height of one hundred feet, has a rectangular base of nearly fifteen acres, larger than that of the Great Pyramid of Egypt. Built between A.D. D.900 and 1100 this huge earthwork faces the site of a palisaded Indian city which contained more than one hundred small artificial mounds marking burial sites. Spread among them was a vast settlement containing some 30,000 people by current estimations. The finely crafted ornaments and tools recovered at Cahokia, as this center of Mississippian culture is called, include elaborate ceramics, finely sculpted stonework, carefully embossed and engraved copper and mica sheets, and one funeral blanket fashioned from 12, 000 shell beads. They indicate that Cahokia was a true urban center, with clustered housing, markets, and specialists in tool-making,， hide-dressing, potting, jewelry-making, weaving, and salt making.1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. The paragraph preceding this one most probably discussed .3. In relation to the Mississippian culture, the Mound Builder culture was located .4. The Mississippian culture influenced the culture of the .5. According to the passage, the mounds were used as .问题1选项A.The Mississippian cultureB.The decline of Mound Builder cultureC.The architecture of Meso-American IndiansD.The eastern woodlands tribes问题2选项A.the Mound Builder cultureB.warfare in A D 500C.the geography of the Mississippi areaD.agriculture near the Mississippi River问题3选项A.in essentially the same areaB.farther south along the watershed CC.to the eastD.to the west问题4选项A.eastern woodland tribesB.Mound BuildersC.Meso-AmericansD.Egyptians问题5选项A.palaces for the royal familiesB.fortresses for defenseC.centers for conducting tradeD.places for burying the dead【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文段内容By about A.D. 700 this Mississippian culture, as is known to archaeologists, began to send its influence eastward to transform the life of most of the less technologically advanced woodland tribes可知是在讲述Mississippian culture，因此选项A符合题意。2.推理判断题。文段一开始就提到了the Mound Builder culture在不断衰退，由此可推测该文段之前的内容是在讲述该文化，因此选项A符合题意。3.推理判断题。根据文段第二句话中的关键信息to the westwas beginning to flourish，该文化指的是Mississippian culture，由此可知相对于Mississippian culture, the Mound Builder culture 位于东边，选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文段内容By about A.D. 700 this Mississippian culture, as is known to archaeologists, began to send its influence eastward to transform the life of most of the less technologically advanced woodland tribes，可知选项A符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据文段内容built gigantic mounds as burial and ceremonial places可知选项D 符合题意。19. 翻译题There is no end to theories about body shape and personality, and there is no doubt that certain people with certain bodies often have very predictable characters. However, there are some researchers who believe that the many instances in which body and personality go together are due to stereotyping; that is, we expect a certain type of person to have certain traits, so we see those traits whether they are there or not. For example, muscular people are believed to be dominant and forceful, so we treat them as leaders. But sometimes they are actually shy and timiD.Fat people are supposed to be happy and warmhearted, but in reality they can just as easily be depressed or mean. Sometimes people will even act the way they think others expect them to act. By doing that, people will fill the role in which we picture them.【答案】关于体型和个性的理论层出不穷，毫无疑问，拥有特定身材的某些人往往具有非常可推测的性格。然而，也有一些研究人员认为，身体和人格结合在一起的许多情况是由于刻板印象；也就是说，我们期望特定类型的人有特定的特质，所以不管他们是否存在，我们都能看到这些特质。例如，肌肉发达的人被认为是强势的，所以我们把他们当作领导者。但有时候他们实际上害羞且胆小。人们认为肥胖的人快乐、热情，但实际上，他们很容易沮丧又刻薄。有时候，人们甚至会按照他们认为别人希望他们做的事情去做。通过这样做，人们将会扮演我们想象中的角色。20. 单选题Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that will allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. “The idea is not necessary to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the national Institute on Aging. “Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain metal alertness. Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they joy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. He says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. D.“The point is, you need to do both,” Cohen says. Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”1. People who are cognitively healthy are those .2. According to Fozard, people can make their brains work more efficiently by .3. The findings of James and other scientists in their work .4. Older people are generally advised to .5. The passage is mainly about .问题1选项A.who can remember large amounts of informationB.who are highly intelligentC.whose minds are alert and receptiveD.who are good at recognizing different things问题2选项A.constantly doing memory workB.taking part in various mental activitiesC.going through specific trainingD.making frequent adjustments问题3选项A.remain to be further provedB.have been challenged by many other expertsC.have been generally acceptedD.are practiced by the researchers themselves问题4选项A.keep fit by going in for physical activitiesB.keep mentally active by challenging their brainsC.maintain mental alertness through specific trainingD.maintain a balance between individual and group activities问题5选项A.how biochemical changes occur in human brainB.why people should keep active both physically and mentallyC.how intellectual activities influence healthD.why people should receive special mental training as they age【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到当人们动脑筋的时候大脑会发生变化，使其在注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用（Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that will allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory），由此可知有善于动脑的人认知上更健康，因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第三段提到了Fozard的观点，他认为普通人没有必要去做大量的记忆训练，只要让思维保持警觉就可以（Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain metal alertness），因此选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第三段最后一句话提到Fozard和其他人用不同的精神心理技能来挑战自己的大脑（Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they joy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work），因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段第二句话He says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age可知选项A符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一二段提到研究人员证实当人们动脑筋时，会使得注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用；第三四段提到几位研究人员对这个观点的进一步说明，并且建议随着年纪增长，身体和精神都应该得到锻炼，因此选项B“为什么人们应该在身体和精神上都保持活跃”符合题意。