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第10练 八（上）Unit 7Unit8一、根据句意、汉语提示以及首字母提示完成下列句子。1.【2019 甘肃省兰州市】We should take action to protect animals in (dangerous).2. 【2019 海南省】Alice asked me to read the book Harry Potter, but I have a read it twice3. 【2019 南通市】The secretary isnt able to (翻译)this business letter into French.4.【2019 广西贵港市】Every autumn, the （落下的）leaves make our school more beautiful5.【2019 湖北省随州市】Most of the earths surface is c_ by water.6. 【2019 浙江省宁波市】More and more people have realized the importance of spreading our (传统的) culture.7.【2019 江苏省宿迁市】The school will hold many activities to (庆祝) our countrys 70th birthday.8.【2019 荆门市】 Nowadays, the education of (安全) has caught the attention of the whole society.9. Its not p for them to finish the work in such a short time.10. You are late again. Whats your e for being late this time?11. If you work hard, I am sure your d will come true.12. The husband bought a big p of meat to make the dishes.13.Sally puts some b on her bread and eats it.14.Many factories p waste water into the rives or lakes.15. To make a cake, we m flour, eggs, sugar and milk together.答案1. danger 【解析】句意：我们应该采取行动保护濒危动物。in是介词，后面应该跟名词，dangerous的名词为danger，in danger：处于危险中。所以答案为：danger。2already 【解析】考查副词根据语境爱丽丝要我读哈利波特，但我已经读了两遍了，由空前的have推断本句属于现在完成时，由首字母a考虑副词already，意为已经故答案为 already。3. translate 【解析】句意：秘书不能把这封商务信函译成法语。be able to do sth.表示能做某事；短语translateinto表示把翻译成。根据句意，故填translate。4fallen 【解析】落下的fallen，形容词；根据句意每年秋天，落叶使我们的学校更加美丽可知，要用形容词作定语，故答案为fallen。5. covered 【解析】句意：地球表面大部分被水覆盖。be covered by表示被覆盖。根据句意，故填covered。6. traditional 【解析】句意：越来越多的人意识到了传播我们传统文化的重要性。根据句意和所给单词的汉语意思可知，这里考查traditional，是一个形容词，修饰后面的名词culture。7. celebrate 【解析】句意：学校将举办许多活动来庆祝我们国家的70岁生日。本句用不定式表目的，根据句意语境和汉语提示，可知填celebrate。8. safety 【解析】句意：如今，安全教育已经引起了全社会的关注。本句是of所有格，后面需用名词；根据句意语境和汉语提示，可知填safety。9. possible【解析】句意：这么短时间里完成工作是不可能的。结合句意可知答案为possible。10. excuse【解析】你又迟到了，这次迟到的借口是什么？excuse意为：借口，理由。11. dream【解析】句意：如果你努力工作，你的梦想就会实现。结合句意可知此处为dream。12. piece【解析】句意：丈夫买了一大块肉做饭。考查量词piece，一块a piece of ,凉快 two pieces of。故答案为piece。13. butter【解析】句意：Sally在面包上放了点奶油，然后吃力。结合句意以及所给首字母，可知答案为奶油butter。14. pour【解析】句意：很多工厂把污水排入河里，或湖里。结合句意以及首字母可知答案为pour。15. mix【解析】句意：为了做糕点，我们把面粉，鸡蛋，糖，牛奶混合到一起。结合句意以及首字母提示，可知答案为混合mix。二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.【2019 广西北部湾经济区】The two (factory) were moved outside the city last year.2.【2019 鄂州市】No matter what happens, believe in (you), boys and girls.3.【2019 大庆市】More and more people have realized the (important) of China-Russia Heihe Bridge.4.【2019 鄂州市】The (careful) you work, the fewer mistakes youll make.5.【2019 临沂市】Scientists around the world are working to a medicine for AIDS (艾滋病). (cover)6.【2019 江苏省宿迁市】My hometown is greener now. More and more trees (plant) every spring.7. 【2019 大庆市】In many restaurants, tea is (serve) for free.8.【2019 鄂州市】There are some boys (swim) in the river now. Its very dangerous.9.【2019 甘肃省敦煌市】 Therearemany (sheep) eatingonthehill.10. These (travel) are driving some cars to the museum.11.How much （honey）would you like?12. I forgot （do） my homework. So I was criticized by my teacher.13. Its very cold today. We need (wear) warmer clothes outside.14. Its time for us (have) lunch.15. Our earth is being polluted seriously. Everyone should play a role in (save) it.答案1. factories 【解析】句意：这两家工厂去年搬到城外去了。factory工厂，可数名词，前面有表示数量的词two，所以这里应用其复数形式，故答案填factories。2. yourselves 【解析】句意：孩子们，不管发生什么，都要相信你们自己。you你，你们，是人称代词。根据句意可知，这里表示“相信你们自己”，应填反身代词。注意句中boys and girls是复数的，因此这里应填yourselves。3. importance 【解析】句意：越来越多的人认识到中俄黑河大桥的重要性。动词realize后面缺少宾语，需要由名词充当，故答案为importance。4. more carefully 【解析】句意：你工作越仔细，你犯的错误就越少。careful仔细的，小心的，是一个形容词。根据句意可知，该空修饰的是句中的动词work，应用副词carefully；且句中使用了句型the +比较级，the+比较级，意为“越，就越”。故填more carefully。5. discover 【解析】句意：世界各地的科学家正致力于发现一种治疗艾滋病的药物。cover意思是覆盖，根据句意可知，科学家“发现了”一种药物，故填discover。6. are planted 【解析】句意：我的家乡现在更绿了。每年春天种的树越来越多。trees是动词plant（种植）的受动者，需用“be done”被动语态结构；trees是复数形式，系词需用are；根据句意结构和单词提示，可知填are planted。7. served 【解析】句意：在许多餐馆，茶是免费供应的。主语tea与动词serve之间是被动的关系，助动词is后面需要加动词的过去分词，故答案为served。8. swimming 【解析】句意：现在有一些男孩在河里游泳，非常的危险。swim游泳，是一个动词。根据句意和句中的now可知，这里表示正在进行的动作，boys与该空构成主动关系，故应填现在分词swimming，在句中作后置定语。9. sheep 【解析】句意“在山上有许多羊在吃草”。sheep羊，根据空前many可知，用复数，但是sheep为单复数同形，复数也是sheep，故填sheep。10.travelers【解析】句意：这些旅客开车去博物馆。结合句意可知此处该为名词旅客，因为these“这些”，故travelers用复数形式，所以答案为travelers。11. honey【解析】honey当“蜂蜜”讲，为不可数名词，故答案为honey。12. to do【解析】forget to do sth. 意为“忘记去做某事”，forget doing sth. 意为“做了某事，但是忘了”，结合本句后面So I was criticized by my teacher被老师批评，可知是忘了做作业，故答案为 to do。13. to wear【解析】句意：天太冷了，我们出门需要穿暖和。need to do sth. 意为“需要做某事”，故答案为 to wear。14. to have【解析】句意：我们吃饭的时候到了。its time for sb. to do sth. 意为：是该某人做某事的时候了。故答案为 to have。15. saving【解析】我们的地球正在被严重地污染，每个人都应该在拯救它中扮演一个角色。Play a role in意为：“在起作用”,in 为介词后需要跟动词的v-ing形式，故答案为saving。三、翻译1. 你认为人们家里将来会有机器人吗？Do you think robots in peoples homes?2. 人们将会活到两百岁吗？ people live 200 years old?3. 关于未来你的预测是什么？Whats your about the ?4. 那么将会是什么样子呢？So will the future ?5. 人人都应该参与到拯救地球的活动中来。Everyone should play a in saving the .6. 50年后，因为所做的事更少，所以人们会拥有更多的自由时间。 50 years, people will have free time because there will be things to do.7. 今天工厂里已经有机器人在工作了。Today there are robots in .8. 你未来的生活将会是什么样子? will your life be in the future?9. 首先，买些牛肉，一个大白菜.然后，把蔬菜切碎。 , buy some beef, one cabbage, . , the vegetables.10. 到享受米线的时候啦！Its time rice noodles.答案1. there will be 【解析】本句为宾语从句，语序要用陈述语序，将会有 There will be.故答案为there will be 。2. Will；to be【解析】结合汉语意思可知，本句为一般将来时的一般疑问句，只需要将will置于句首即可。故答案为Will；to be。3. prediction；future【解析】你的your为形容词性的物主代词，后面需要跟名词，预测的名词为prediction，未来future，故答案为prediction；future。4.what；be like【解析】结合句意可知，答案为what；be like。5. part；earth【解析】play a part in在.起作用，起到什么作用，表示在某个里面演一个角色或起某个作用，故答案为part；earth。6. In；more；fewer【解析】in+一段时间可以表示在一段时间之内也可以表示在一段时间之后。更多的more，更少的fewer/less，因为things为可数名词，故用fewer。故答案为In；more；fewer。7. already；working；factories【解析】there be sb/sth doing sth表示某地有某人或某物正在做某事，如：There is a car collecting the rubbish over there .，已经already，工厂factory为可数名词，故答案为already；working；factories。8. What；like【解析】根据汉语意思可知答案。9. First；then；cut up【解析】首先first，然后then，切碎cut up.故答案为First；then；cut up。10. to enjoy【解析】its time to do sth. 是该做某事的时候了。后接动词原形，故答案为to enjoy。 四、句型转换1. Tom put up his hand and read the dialogue.（改为否定句）Tom his hand the dialogue.2.The students dont know how they can plant the trees.（改为同义句）The students dont know the trees.3.There will be some robots in peoples homes.（改为否定句）There robots in peoples homes.4. Mr. Chus wife gave him 50 yuan to buy a pair of shoes.(对画线部分提问) Mr. Chus wife give him to buy a pair of shoes?5. There are two cups of honey on the table.(对画线部分提问) honey on the table?6. There are two cups of honey on the table.(对画线部分提问) on the table?7. I will finish my homework in one day.(对划线部分提问) you finish your homework?8. Cook it for a long time.(改为否定句) it for a long time.9. The number of the students in our class is 39. (对划线部分提问) the of the students in your class?10. The cup is full of salt.(改为同义句)The cup is salt. 答案1. didnt put up; or read【解析】原句主语为Tom第三人称单数，谓语动词为 put，read，由此可以断定put，read为过去式，所以需要借助助动词did。Put和read的过去式和原形是一样的。And通常用于肯定句中，or通常用于否定或是疑问句中，所以答案为didnt put up; or read。2. how to plant【解析】句意：这些学生不知道怎么样去种树。“特殊疑问词动词不定式”的用法归纳一、疑问代词who, what, which等和疑问副词when, where, how等后面跟不定式，构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。如：1. Where to go is still a question. 到哪里去还是个问题。（作主语）2. I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。（作动词know的宾语）3. We must first solve the problem of whom to serve. 我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。（作介词of的宾语）4. The question is how to learn English well. 问题是怎样学好英语。（作表语）5. I asked her how to learn English. 我问她如何学英语。（用宾语）二、“特殊疑问词动词不定式”结构经常用在某些动词后作宾语，类似的动词有：tell, show, know, learn, teach, find out, forget, wonder, remember等。如：Ill show you how to do it. 我要让你看看如何做这件事。Youd better find out where to put it. 你最好弄清楚要把它放在哪里。三、“特殊疑问词动词不定式”这种结构可以把复合句转为简单句。如：I dont know what Ill do next. = I dont know what to do next.The doctor told him when he should take the medicine.=The doctor told him when to take the medicine.同样，因为“特殊疑问词动词不定式”这种结构相当于一个名词性从句，所以可用同等成分的从句代替，从而把简单句转换为复合句。改写时只需在疑问词后加上适当的主语，并把不定式改为适当的形式的谓语即可。如：Li Ping doesnt know why to learn English. = Li Ping doesnt know why he should learn English.Which to choose is important. = Which we should choose is important.The question is where to go. = The question is where we should go.四、“特殊疑问词动词不定式”这种结构可构成独立问句。如：What to do? 怎么办？How to get rid of the trouble? 如何摆脱困境？3. wont be any【解析】本题考查there be结构将来时的否定句，只需要在will后加not即可。同时注意，some一般用于肯定句中，而any一般用于否定或疑问句中，所以要将some改为any，故答案为wont be any。4. How much did【解析】句意：褚老师的妻子给他50块钱去双买鞋子。画线部分为50 yuan，即就是要提问，给了多少钱去买鞋。故用How much ,因为时态为过去时，故用助动词did。所以答案为How much did。5. How many cups of【解析】画线部分为数词two，cup为可数名词，即就是要提问：桌子上有多少杯蜂蜜。对可数名词的数量进行提问用how many。故答案为How many cups of。6. What are【解析】画线部分为物two cups of honey两杯蜂蜜。即就是要提问，桌子上是什么，故用特殊疑问词 what。所以答案为What are。7. How soon will【解析】画线部分为 in one day，即就是要提问：你多久可以完成你的作业。故用how soon 进行提问，故答案为How soon will。8. Dont cook【解析】本句为祈使句，要求改为否定句，祈使句的否定句，只需要动词前加dont即可。故答案为Dont cook。9. Whats；number【解析】句意：我们班学生的数量是39 。画线部分为39，即就是要提问，你们学生的数量是多少，The number of 意为：.的数量。故答案为Whats；number。10. filled with【解析】句意：这个杯子里是满满的盐巴。要求改为同义句。即就是，这个杯子被盐巴充满了。要用的被动式，be filled with“被.充满”，故答案为filled with。五、写作练习【2019 乐山】为了让学生吃到更加营养、安全的食品，政府出台了陪餐制，要求从 4 月 1 日起，学校领导陪同学生用餐。请你根据以下要点，给校报英语专栏写一篇短文，谈谈自己的看法。1. 学生吃得健康、安全；2. 及时发现就餐问题；3. 食堂提供食品多样；4. 父母更加放心。注意：1.词数 80 词左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 参考词汇:规定 regulation (n.)；食堂 cafeteria (n.)；营养的 nutritious (adj.)A new food safety regulation was put into use on April 1 to improve nutrition and food safety in schools. It asks the school managers to eat with students in their cafeterias._【写作思路】本文属于材料作文，就政府出台的“陪餐制度”谈谈你的看法。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，特别使用一些亮点词句，如thanks to, take place, be able to, provide sth for sb, in other words, worry about, not.at all, carry on, first, second以及also，增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。【参考范文】A new food safety regulation was put into use on April 1 to improve nutrition and food safety in schools. It asks the school managers to eat with students in their cafeterias.Thanks to the regulation, something great has taken place in our school. First, we eat healthier and safer than before. Second, if there is any problem about food safety or other, our school leaders are able to know and solve it quickly. Also, the cafeteria workers are trying to provide different kinds of food for us. In other words, our parents neednt worry about our diet any more.We teenagers are still young and need to grow healthy, so I think the new regulation is really good and necessary. I hope it will be carried on forever.【2019 山东省烟台市】假设你某英语报社的编辑Rina, 收到Li Wei 同学的来信，诉说了因为肥胖常遭到同学嘲笑的苦恼，并向你寻求建议。请你根据以下提示给Li Wei 回信。要求：1. 须包括所有要点提示并适当补充，语句通顺，意思连贯； 2. 词数：100词左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 文中不得出现个人真实姓名和校名。参考词汇：laugh at; care about; high- fat food; the more. , the healthier.Dear Li Wei,Ive received your letter and I can understand you. _Yours,Rina【写作思路】假设你某英语报社的编辑Rina, 收到Li Wei 同学的来信，诉说了因为肥胖常遭到同学嘲笑的苦恼，并向你寻求建议。请你根据以下提示给Li Wei 回信。本题给出了主要写作要点，动笔前要先认真阅读要点，确定写作内容，并适当发挥。根据内容可知本文主要是一般现在时态和将来时态，写作中注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。【参考范文】Dear Li Wei,I have received your letter and I can understand you. You must feel bad when being laughed at use of your over-weight. Here is my advice for you.Firstly, there is no need to care about what others think of you. The most important thing is to be confident, as it will help you have courage to face and overcome your trouble.Secondly, try to eat healthily keep away from high-fat food and eat more fruit and vegetables instead. A balanced diet is very important for losing weight.Thirdly, I strongly advise you to exercise more often. Youd better get up early in the morning and do some sports regularly. The more you exercise, the healthier youll be.I hope my advice will be helpful to you.Yours,Rina【名师点评】这是一篇很好的文章，文中用到了一些好的句型：Firstly, there is no need to care about what others think of you.；Secondly, try to eat healthily keep away from high-fat food and eat more fruit and vegetables instead. A balanced diet is very important for losing weight.这些给文章增色不少。【2019 陕西省】即将毕业的你，将如何处理初中阶段的各种书籍和笔记呢?假如你是李华，请根据以下提示，给学校英文报写一封电子邮件，分享你处理这些书籍和笔记的计划与理由。要求：1. 参考表格内容，可适当发挥；2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；3. 文章不得出现任何真实信息（姓名，校名和地名等）；4. 词数：不少于70个词，（开头已经给出，但不计入总词数）。Dear Editor, My name is Li Hua. Im going to graduate soon. Id like to share some ideas about how to deal with my books and notebooks._There are my ideas. I hope they can help.Yours, Li Hua【写作思路】本篇作文为应用文，要求写一封电子邮件，写作时应注意以下几点内容：1. 审题：不需要写题目，开头结尾已给出，只需要按照给出的提示写出自己如何处理笔记和书籍的计划和理由，给的提示短语需要全部列出。2. 列提纲：第一段：开头已给出，引入主题，第二段：详细列出自己处理笔记和书籍的计划和理由第三段：结尾已给出，进行情感的升华。3. 人称及时态：第一人“我”为主，时态应选用一般将来时和一般现在时。【参考范文】Dear Editor, My name is Li Hua. Im going to graduate soon. Id like to share some ideas about how to deal with my books and notebooks.First of all, I will put all my books into different kinds. Secondly, I am going to give my textbooks to my younger cousins. In this way, they can study at home during the coming summer vacation. Besides, I want to have a book sale so that children can buy the picture books at low prices. Whats more, I decide to keep the notebooks for myself. They bring me lots of sweet memories. Finally the used paper will be taken to the waste center.There are my ideas. I hope they can help.Yours, Li Hua【2019 四川省眉山市】假如你是李华，打算邀请你们的外教Jack来你家共度端午佳节，并观看一年一度的龙舟赛。请根据以下要点，用英语给他写一封电子邮件。要点：1. 端午节的时间（农历五月五日）、来由（纪念屈原）；2. 活动安排：学包粽子、观看龙舟赛（时间：下午两点；地点：东坡湖；赛况）。参考词汇：农历 lunar calendar注意：1. 所写内容必须包含所有要点，并作适当发挥；2. 词数：80词左右（开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；3. 文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息。Dear Jack,The Dragon Boat Festival is coming in a few days. _Looking forward to your reply.Yours, Li Hua【写作思路】本文属于应用文体，介绍端午节并邀请你的外教杰克来你家共度端午佳节。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。【参考范文】Dear Jack,The Dragon Boat Festival is coming in a few days. Its a great honor for me to invite you to come to my home to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival.Dragon Boat Festival is one of the most important Chinese traditional festivals in China. Its on May fifth in Chinese lunar calendar. Dragon Boat Festival has a long history, which is in honor of the great ancient Chinese poet Qu Yuan.We will make zongzi and watch the dragon boat race at 2:00 p.m. at the Dongpo lake which is not very far from my home.If you are interested in it, please dont hesitate to contact me. Looking forward to your reply.Yours, Li Hua【名师点评】这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，特别使用一些亮点词句，如it is a great honor for me to do sth, one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数, a long history, far away from, hesitate to do以及which引导的定语从句，增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。【2019 吉林省】假如你是李华，想参加China Daily 举办的以梦想职业体验为主题的2019年夏令营活动。请给主办人Mr. Smith写一封介绍个人情况的申请邮件。内容包括：1. 个人信息与兴趣爱好； 2. 梦想职业与个人计划。写作要求：1. 词数90词左右，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 文中不得出现真实的学校名称与姓名。Dear Mr. Smith,Its my pleasure to introduce myself to you. _I do hope to join in the activity and look forward to your replyBest wishes!Yours Sincerely,Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Mr. Smith, Its my pleasure to introduce myself to you.（开篇点明题意）My name is Li Hua. I like reading and writing. I spend lots of time reading in the library with my classmates after school （高分句型一）And I have a habit of keeping a dairyI want to be a writer when I grow upSo After knowing your summer camp ，I feel very excited because its about dream job experienceIf I have this kind of oppotunity to experience my dream job，I will cherish this chance（高分句型二）After work，I will spend more time making a summary（从自己的个人信息和兴趣爱好出发进行介绍自己）I do hope to join in the activity and look forward to your reply（结尾给出期望）Best wishes!【2019 福建省】假定你是李华，收到英国笔友 Harry 的邮件，获悉他在机器人制作比赛中获奖。请根据邮件内容给他From: Harry回复。词数 80 左右。Dear Li Hua,Im glad to tell you that Ive just won the the first place in a robot- making competition. I love robots! They bring me great fun.What d
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