2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷2

2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The narrow passage ended in a round arch fringed with ivy and creepers. The children passed through the arch into a narrow ravine whose banks were of stone, moss-covered. Trees growing on the top of the bank arched across and the sunlight came through in changing patches of brightness. The path, which was of greeny-grey stones where heaps of leaves had drifted, sloped steeply down, and at the end of it was another round arch, quite dark inside, above which were rose rocks and grass and bushes.“Its like the outside of a railway tunnel,” said Jimmy.“It might be the entrance to an enchanted castle,” said Kathleen.Under the drifted damp leaves the path was firm and stony. At the dark arch they stopped.“There are steps down,” said Gerald.Very slowly and carefully they went down the steps. Gerald struck a match when the last step was found to have no edge and to be in fact the beginning of a passage turning to the left.“This,” said Jimmy, “might take us back to the road.”“Or under it,” said Gerald, “weve come down eleven steps.”They went on, following Gerald, who went very slowly for fear, as he explained, of steps. The passage was very dark.Then came a glimmer of daylight that grew and grew and presently ended in another arch that looked out over a scene so like a picture out of a book about Italy that everyones breath was taken away, and they simply walked forward silent and staring. A short avenue of cypresses led, winding as it went, to a marble terrace that lay broad and white in the sunlight. The children, blinking, leaned their arms on the flat balustrade （栏杆）and gazed.Immediately below them was a lake with swans and an island with willow trees, and among the trees gleamed the white figures of statues. Against a hill to the left was a round white building with pillars and to the right a waterfall came tumbling down among mossy stones to splash into the lake. Steps went from the terrace to the water and other steps to the green lawns beside it. Away across the grassy slopes deer were feeding and in the distance was an enormous house of grey stone, like nothing the children had ever seen before.“It is an enchanted castle,” said Gerald.“There arent any enchanted castles,” said Jimmy, “you ought to know that.”“Well, anyway, Im going to explore，” said Gerald. “You neednt come if you dont wantto.”The others followed. There never was such a gardenout of a picture or a fairy tale. They passed quite close to the deer, who only raised their heads to look and did not seem startled at all. After a long stretch of grass, they passed under an avenue of lime trees and came into a rose garden bordered with thick hedges.“I know we shall meet a gardener in a minute and hell ask what were doing here, and then what shall we say?” Kathleen asked.“Well say weve lost our way, and it will be quite true,” said Gerald.1.When they came out of the last arch the children were silent because（ ） .2.From the terrace the children were able to see（ ） .3.How was it possible to reach the lake from the terrace?4.Kathleen thought that if they met a gardener（ ） .5.The story suggests that the children（ ） .问题1选项A.they were out of breathB.they were amazed at what they sawC.the light hurt their eyesD.they saw an Italian picture问题2选项A.a lake with trees growing in itB.some swans among the trees on an islandC.a lake just behind themD.some statues on an island in the lake问题3选项A.There were some steps leading down.B.There were some steps leading right.C.There was a waterfall going down to the lake.D.There were steps to some stones.问题4选项A.he would think they had lost their wayB.he would know why they were thereC.they would ask him why they were thereD.he would ask them why they were there问题5选项A.had been told about the castle beforeB.had seen pictures of the castle in a bookC.had no idea what they were going to seeD.knew they were going to see something wonderful【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.文章第十段Then came a glimmer of daylight that grew and grew and presently ended in another arch that looked out over a scene so like a picture out of a book about Italy that everyones breath was taken away, and they simply walked forward silent and staring 提到当孩子们走到最后一个拱门时，看见了一幅只有在意大利画册上才能看到的景象，所以他们面面相觑并且没有发出声响。选项B符合题意。2.文章第十一段Immediately below them was a lake with swans and an island with willow trees, and among the trees gleamed the white figures of statues提到站在平台上可以看到一个有天鹅的湖，湖泊中有岛屿，岛屿上有柳树，树丛中有雕塑，选项D符合题意。3.文章中提到湖与平台之间有台阶 （step went from the terrace to water），而从平台上可以看到一个湖泊 （immediately below them was a lake），选项A符合题意。4.文章倒数第二段“I know we shall meet a gardener in a minute and hell ask what were doing here, and then what shall we say?” Kathleen asked提到Kathleen问道如果遇上一个园丁，而这个园丁问他们来这里干什么时，他们要怎么回答。选项D符合题意。5.文章最后一段“Well say weve lost our way, and it will be quite true,” said Gerald提到他们是真的迷路了，所以他们也不知道为什么会到这个地方来。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Do you have any（ ） about what living beings on other planets would be like?问题1选项A.idealB.comprehensionC.notionD.intelligence【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。ideal “理想”；comprehension “理解力”；notion “观念，意见”；intelligence “智力”。句意：你能想象出其它星球上的生物是什么样的吗？选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Over the last fifteen years, running has become a popular （ ）for 30 millionparticipants of all ages.问题1选项A.fantasyB.pastimeC.symposiumD.penalty【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy “幻想”；pastime “消遣，娱乐”；symposium “座谈会；penalty “惩罚”。句意：在过去的三十年里，跑步对于3000万名各个年龄层的参与者来说成为了一种非常受欢迎的消遣方式。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”一 physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, usedthat a culture produces. Examining a cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print， but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.Music is deep-rooted in the cultural background that fosters it. We now pay more and more attention to traditional or ethnic features in folk music and are willing to preserve the folk music as we do with many traditional cultural heritage. Musicians all over the world are busy with recording classic music in their country for the sake of their unique culture. As always, peoples aspiration will always focus on their individuality rather than universal features that are shared by all cultures alike.One more important part of musics material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic mediaradio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information-revolution”, a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the globe.1.Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because （ ）.2.It can be learned from this passage that （ ）.3.According to the author, music notation is important because（ ）4.It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into theworld of music （ ）5.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.it helps produce new cultural tools and technologyB.it can reflect the development of the nationC.it helps understand the nations past and presentD.it can demonstrate the nations civilization问题2选项A.the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese musicB.Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestraC.the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western musicD.the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music问题3选项A.it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read itB.it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musiciansC.it is the printed version of standardized folk musicD.it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs问题4选项A.has brought about an information revolutionB.has speeded up the arrival of a new generation of computesC.has given rise to new forms of music cultureD.has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments问题5选项A.Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.B.Music cannot be passed on to future generation unless it is recorded.C.Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.D.The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段examining a cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history and way of life提到研究文化相关的工具和技术是为了了解一个国家的历史和生活方式，所以选项C符合题意。2.文章第一段最后一句we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra 提到了交响乐团的发展，交响乐是由近东传播到欧洲的，选项D符合题意。3.文章第二段Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole提及阅读乐谱对音乐家产生了深远的影响，并且对音乐文化也有很大的影响，选项A的描述与之相近，因此符合题意。4.文章最后一段the influence of the electronic mediaradio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments 提到了电子媒体的内容，由此可知就像工业文明导致社会结构变化一样，这些电子媒体会导致一些新的音乐形式出现，选项C符合题意。5.文章主要提到了音乐的物质文明，比如乐器、乐谱等来讲述音乐文明的发展历程，提到音乐文明的发展离不开物质文明的发展，选项D符合题意。5. 单选题There is no easy solution to Japans labor（ ） .问题1选项A.declineB.vacancyC.rarityD.shortage【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。decline “下降”；vacancy “空缺，空白”；rarity “罕见；珍品”；shortage “缺少”。句意：日本劳动力不足的问题很难解决。选项D符合题意。6. 翻译题修剪树木可能是为了确保树木有一个所要求的形状或大小。传统上，电视一直是一种大众转播传媒。我们对电视最熟悉，因为它以一种相似的形式存在近50年了。你可以相信，一个作家付出的努力越大，写作效果就会越好，得到的回报也就越大。一个妇女当她扮演起多重角色的时候，她会感到更加幸福。很明显，在一种体制下，如果每一项决定都只是根据传统习惯来做，那么，社会就会很难进步。【答案】The purpose of pruning trees is to ensure that the trees have a designed shape or size.Traditionally, TV had been a kind of popular broadcast media. We are most familiar with television, for it is a similar form of existence for nearly 50 years.It is believed that the more effort a writer makes the better effect he would obtain and the greater results he will receive.A woman who plays many roles would feel happier.Obviously, in a system, if every decision making is based on traditional habits, the society would be very difficult to develop.7. 单选题Trees are a renewable resource that when managed properly can（ ）our needsindefinitely.问题1选项A.sustainB.retainC.maintainD.obtain【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。sustain “维持”；retain “保持”；maintain “维持，维修”；obtain “获得”。句意：树木是可再生资源，如果管理得当，它们无限期地满足我们的需求。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题Visions are asked to （ ）with the regulations.问题1选项A.conflictB.consultC.complyD.contrast【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conflict “冲突”；consult “咨询”；comply “遵守”；contrast “对比”。句意：愿景被要求遵守于规则。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题First we should exclude all facts and observations that are not （ ） to the investigation in question.问题1选项A.equivalentB.relevantC.similarD.inferior【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。equivalent “相等的”；relevant “相关的”；similar “相似的”；inferior “下等的”。句意：首先，我们应该排除所有与当下调查无关的事实和意见。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题There is no easy solution to Japans labour （ ）问题1选项A.declineB.rarityC.vacancyD.shortage【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。decline “下降”；rarity “罕见”；vacancy “空缺，空白”； shortage “短缺”。句意：日本劳动力短缺的问题不容易解决。选项D符合题意。11. 单选题The missile missed the （ ） by 1,500 meters at its first experimental flight.问题1选项A.destinationB.purposeC.targetD.terminal【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Destination “目的地”；target “目标”；purpose “目的”；terminal “末端，重点”。句意：在第一次试射中，导弹偏离目标1500米。选项C符合题意。12. 翻译题E-mail is now one the fastest ways to gain or lose potential customers because of the ability to deliver information fast to an enormous amount of people. After sending a small you are no longer in control of the effects of the message and can only wait in suspense.An employee of your company started off his/her day in a bad mood. A potential customer emails them with a trivial question and they reply with a brash （无礼的）tone. Do you think the recipient will use your company? On the Internet word travels fast. It takes me 3 minutes to send email to 50-100 people. Therefore your company can lose 100 current or potential customers with the brash email sent out by your employee. This can happen in a matter of minutes. Speaking from personal experience I sent out what I considered a helpful message concerning a version the Internet. One person thought it was quite annoying because they knew that some of these messages are merely hoaxes （恶作剧）. The message I received, without a doubt, shot lightning ballistic me. What did I do? I apologized. I visited their site to see what kind of business they were in all. I knew that if someone had ever asked me to give them information about products relating to what they sold, I would most likely say, do not use “this company”.I find that it is most helpful to search newsgroups for my company name to see if good or bad things are being said about me. Try searching for Microsoft or Netscape and see what results are presented to you. Remember newsgroups are simply meeting places on the Internet where people exchange information. Most people know that the best business comes from word of mouth or “word of email.”Back to the story. After I sent my apology I received a reply the next day stating that they were sorry for what they had said. Problem solved. I now do not have a problem recommending that company to a friend. On some occasion a brash answer is responded to with a blush reply. Those are the lucky ones. Be careful, there are many vindictive (报复性的) people will reply to brashness by breaking into your entire site and demonstrating how angry they are with you. I cannot and will not try to break into someones website but people who are more knowledgeable can and do.【答案】由于电子邮件可以迅速将信息发送给很多人，它也就成为了人们获得或失去潜在顾客最快捷的方式。在发送完信息后，你就无法再控制信息可能产生的效果，而只能在不安中等待。你公司员工在情绪低落中开始了一天的工作。一个潜在的客户因为一些琐事发了一封邮件给他们，而他们给予了无礼的回复。你认为收件者会选择你们公司吗？网络中消息传播很快。我需要三分钟的时间将邮件发给50-100个人。于是，因为你雇员一封无礼的邮件，你的公司可能在短短几分钟之类损失了100个现有或者潜在的客户。谈到我个人的经历，我就曾在网络上发送过一条关于电脑病毒的有益信息。有人认为这很讨厌，因为他们知道某些这类信息纯粹是恶作剧。毫无疑问，我收到的回信令我非常恼火。我怎么做的？我向他们道歉了。我访问他们的网站去了解他们从事的生意。我心里想如果有人向我了解他们所生产的产品信息，我会说：“别用这家公司。”我发现在网络上的新闻组中搜索我公司的名字来查看关于我的好话和坏话是最有效的方法。尝试去搜索微软或者网景，看看搜到的结果。记住新闻组织是人们交换信息的平台。大多数人都知道最好的商家产生于人们的口碑和“邮件”。回到刚才的故事。在收到我致歉的邮件后，第二天我收到了回信，称他们对他们所说的话感到抱歉。问题解决。我现在会把这家公司介绍给朋友。有时候，无礼的应答会得到愧疚的回复。那些人是很幸运的。但是要当心，有许多具有报复心的人会通过入侵你的整个网站来回应你的无礼并表达他们的愤怒。我不能，也不会去侵入他人的网站，但是那些懂得怎么侵入网站的人会这么做。13. 单选题Tom（ ） better than to ask Dick for help.问题1选项A.shall knowB.shouldnt knowC.has knownD.should have known【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。should have “本该”，表示本应该做，实际上没做，用虚拟语气。句意：汤姆早就该知道不能去找迪克帮忙。选项D符合题意。14. 单选题The（ ） on this apartment expires in a years time.问题1选项A.treatyB.engagementC.leaseD.subsidy【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。treaty “条约”；engagement “约会；婚约”；lease “租约”；subsidy “津贴”。句意：这个公寓的租期一年后到期。选项C符合题意。15. 单选题The police arrested the wrong man mainly because they （ ） the names they had been given by the witness.问题1选项A.perplexedB.bewilderedC.confusedD.puzzled【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。选项A、B、D的宾语都是人，所以均不符合题意。confuse the names “把名字弄混”。选项C符合题意。16. 单选题A window in the kitchen was（ ） ; there was rubbish everywhere and the curtains andcarpets had been stolen.问题1选项A.scrapedB.smashedC.scratchedD.scattered【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Scrape “刮，擦”；smash “猛击”；scratch “抓”；scatter “散落”。句意：厨房的一扇窗户被砸碎了，垃圾散落一地，窗帘和地毯被偷走了。选项B符合题意。17. 单选题During their first teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the（ ）of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。observation “观察，监视”；investigation “调查”；inspection “视察，检查”；examination “考试”。句意：这些学生在第一年教师培训期的时候，经常去一些当地学校观摩。选项A符合题意。18. 单选题A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the（ ）sight on TV.问题1选项A.panicB.patrioticC.patheticD.periodic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。panic “恐慌的”；patriotic “爱国的”；pathetic “可怜的”；periodic “周期的”。句意：发生了一场严重的交通事故；当人们从电视上看到这个可怜的场面的时候都非常伤心。选项C符合题意。19. 翻译题大米的营养价值同土豆的差不多，但在常温下保存的更久。上大学并不一定是每个人的恰当的选择，更不是唯一的选择。仅碳氢两种元素就能构成成千上万种化合物，其原因是碳氢的分子可以以不同的方式进行连接。所有这些都促使学生独立认真地学习，促使他们学会如何发现利用大学的资源。经济水平比较低的情况下，它反而会给现代政府在提供食物，就业机会等方面增加巨大的负担。【答案】The nutritional value of rice almost equals that of the potato. However, it can be stored at room temperature for longer.Going to college is not the right choice for everyone, nor the only option at all.Only two elements of hydrocarbon can form thousands compounds. The reason is that their molecules can be connected in different ways.All of these are to urge students to study independently and industriously learn how to use the university resources.Under the circumstance of low economic level, it would increase the pressure of food provision and employment opportunities.20. 单选题Segregation made it difficult for black Americans to become （ ）into the larger middle class culture and its values.问题1选项A.anticipatedB.indulgedC.transmittedD.assimilated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组的固定搭配。assimilated into “融入”。句意：种族隔离使得美国黑人难以融入到主流的中产阶级文化和价值观中。